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1.
W. E. Marsden 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):25-31
Geography within England and Wales has undergone several important changes since its development as a school and university
subject during the 19th century. The 1960s were an especially important period of major change with the introduction of scientific,
conceptual elements to the field. Those changes were accompanied by several curriculum projects of national scope that brought
the new geography to the classroom. In the 1980s, geography was recognized as a foundation subject, giving it renewed importance
within the curriculum of the secondary schools. Government intervention has increased within most aspects of education, especially
with regard to examinations and training for employment, thus placing greater strains upon the teaching force. Within the
general framework of education, geography provides a unique perspective. As a discipline, it infuses a global dimension at
the macro-level and a sense of place at the micro-level. That perspective is important since it bridges general knowledge
of the discipline to social and environmental issues at various scales. 相似文献
2.
Simon Catling 《GeoJournal》2004,60(2):149-158
There have been few studies of trainee teachers' conceptions of the term ‘geography’. Building on these, this study identifies
a number of conceptions of geography held by primary school trainee teachers in England. Their ideas are compared with their
understanding of the reasons for teaching geography to young children. Similar outcomes emerge. While a small number of primary
trainee teachers see geography education as concerned with the study of places, a slightly larger group view teaching geography
as developing children's sense of responsibility for the earth and its people. However, by far the largest groups of students
perceive geography's role to be to develop younger children's awareness and knowledge of the environment. Additionally, a
sizeable group of trainees see geography as providing knowledge about the features and countries of the world. The implications
of these findings are considered for the brief geography study units which primary teacher trainees take as part of their
initial teacher training programme in English higher education. The conclusion is that it is important to widen primary trainee
teachers' perspectives during even the briefest of units, not least to enable them to teach the national curriculum requirements
for geography in primary schools.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Saif Salim Al-Qaydi 《GeoJournal》1999,47(4):583-586
Within universities there has developed a clear theoretical convergence between Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and
geography (Antenuccl, 1991). Studies have revealed that one of the qualified departments to teach GIS within universities
is the geography department. This study focuses on: the importance of establishing GIS as a major curriculum element within
universities. In geography departments, economic geography students require a strong statistical/mathematical background to
allow them to work with major databases. They should know how to design a specific database for economic activities, such
as agriculture and manufacturing, and tertiary industry and how to relate this database to a map, so that changes can be monitored
more accurately. In any aspect of geography spatial location is a key factor and GIS allows spatial patterns to be interpreted
with great facility. Therefore it is important that students have a good knowledge not only of computers and related software
on economic geography, but also on GIS systems (Burrough, 1993). The work of geography students from the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) and other Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) geography departments is examined to evaluate the importance of training in
GIS technology. This paper evaluates the effects of implementing GIS as a tool in teaching economic geography. At present
there are 15 geography departments in the GCC which offer economic geography. Of those 15 departments, only 3 provide GIS
courses within their curriculum, and 4 have basic equipment, although 6 additional departments are to introduce GIS in the
near future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Jowett AJ 《GeoJournal》1989,18(4):417-427
The recent publication of data from the 1982 census permits an assessment of the patterns, progress and problems of illiteracy in China. Educational progress, since the communists came to power in 1949, has been particularly impressive, especially in relation to the low levels of income within the People's Republic. Nevertheless, nearly a third of the country's population are still unable to read and write and major variations in literacy exist between the developed and less developed regions, between men and women, between the urban and rural areas, between the various age groups and among the many ethnic groups that constitute the People's Republic of China. Among the most favoured people and places, literacy rates exceed 90% but among the most disadvantaged groups, retired women in rural areas for example, levels of literacy fall below 3%. Proposed educational reforms, targeted to provide nine years of compulsory education, offer the potential for boosting literacy levels and breaking the bondage of ignorance. However, such proposals are being undermined by the recent economic reforms in rural China. By stressing the value of labour, including child labour, the agricultural responsibility system has generated a surprising decline in school attendance which may jeopardise future improvements in literacy, particularly so among the poorer people in the poorer areas of China. 相似文献
5.
Ion Şandru 《Geoforum》1975,6(1):9-14
The Geographical Society in Romania — founded 15–27 June 1875 — plays an important part in the development of modern Romanian scientific geography. It supports school geography with educational plans and programmes by various treatises and textbooks. The Society has promoted geographical research by recommending several themes relating to Romanian territory, and by publication. In its first decades of activity (1875–1920), it initiated, promoted and supported geographical explorations and expeditions to less-known areas of the world.Its publication — The Bulletin of the Romanian Geographical Society — dealt with especially the results of scientific research work, and the journals Atetura (1949–1968) and Terra (from 1969) published studies, geographical syntheses and methodological articles.The 4000 members of the Geographical Society of Romania are grouped in over 50 branches. The Society has a wide and varied collaboration with many other geographical societies and institutes. In Romania, the Society works with the Institute of Geography, the departments of geography in universities and other institutions.After the experience of the years 1890–1900 (when 32 county dictionaries and the great geographical dictionaries to Romania in 5 volumes were produced), at present the members of our Society are working on 39 geographical monographs to the counties of the S.R. of Romania and the guide to the municipality of Bucharest. 相似文献
6.
基于《地理学报》和Annals of the Association of American Geographers学术论文的统计,对比近百年中美两国地理学的发展脉络,着重从总体特征、重点研究内容及其变化、理论—实践关系三方面对比异同,获得经验和借鉴。美国地理学经过初期发展、高速发展后,目前进入持续发展阶段;中国地理学在曲折中崛起,目前正处在高速发展时期。美国地理学中人文地理学一直居主导地位,中国则从重视自然地理开始逐渐向自然、人文、方法三足鼎立方向迈进;美国地理学家非常重视微观、中观实践,但在国家宏观决策中远没有中国地理学家发挥作用更直接。美国地理学研究水平高于中国,但这种差距正在缩小,研究方向的变化相差3~5年。世界地理研究中心有向亚太地区、向中国转移的可能,中国地理学家要勇于创建具有中国特色的地理学派。 相似文献
7.
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Maksakovsky 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):49-53
Reforms are not new to school geography in the Soviet Union, having occurred in the 1930s, 1960s, and two times during the
1980s. During each reform there were two dominant concerns. First, there was the relationship of school geography to the social
order and second, the relationship between school geography and the scientific discipline of geography as it was developing.
The most recent reform, that of the late 1980s, promises to have far reaching implications for the teaching of geography.
This is partly the result of perestroika, but also the recognition that geography is a significant field of scientific study
in developing the student's fundamental knowledge of the world and related global issues. The combination of scientific approaches
with the examination of social, environmental and other problem issues is recognized as a major objective of geography in
the pre-collegiate education of Soviet students. 相似文献
8.
现代港口地理学的研究进展及展望 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于港口地理研究的时代背景变迁,分析了现代港口地理学的研究进展与研究内容,重点从港口地理的基本研究范畴、港口理论、港口体系、枢纽港、港口与腹地关系、航运网络、航运企业和码头企业等角度深入解析其重点历程与主要论点,对中国港口地理学的研究进展和国际学者的相关论点进行了阐述,然后从研究内容、研究范式、研究重点和研究地区等角度,总结和评价现代港口地理学的研究特征,梳理其发展规律与研究轨迹。同时基于以上研究,从研究范式、研究重点、研究单位等角度,对港口地理学的未来研究趋向进行了深入探讨。通过该研究,系统总结了港口地理学的研究进展,有助于该学科的理论和实证研究。 相似文献
9.
Hong Jiang 《Geoforum》2005,36(5):641-653
This paper surveys grassland management in China during the socialist period that began in 1949, examining state policies and local practices as well as views of nature underlying both. The case study is set in Uxin Ju, a Mongol-dominated community in western Inner Mongolia that enjoyed a national reputation in the 1960s for its enthusiasm in the campaign to transform its sandy land. This paper adopts a historical-cultural perspective. The grassland is a historical category whose formulation by the state has changed with the political-economic ideologies of the regime. At the same time, local views of the grassland have also changed, which facilitated the adoption of aggressive grassland practices. By examining grassland management and local change as a cultural process, this paper seeks to understand a dimension of grassland change that has not attracted much study in China. In several ways this paper contributes to the study of environmental history in socialist China. First, it adds to a complex appraisal of regional environmental change during the Mao era by demonstrating both grassland improvement and degradation in Uxin Ju. Second, this paper locates the agency of the local people in both predictable and surprising ways, both in resistance to and appropriation of state policies. Third, by covering the entire socialist period from 1949, this paper lends insights into the understanding of continuities and breaks in grassland management between the Mao (1949-1976) and post-Mao (1976-present) eras. 相似文献
10.
自1901年张相文编纂我国近代最早的地理教科书——《初等地理教科书》和《中等本国地理教科书》出版以来，我国近、现代地理学已走过了百年岁月。以《地理学报》为研究对象，对其自创刊以来所有载文进行检索和分类统计。从中发现，中国地理学近百年来在曲折中前进，日益走向繁荣；领域构成从单调到丰富，专业体系日趋完善，地理学的人文化、技术化趋势非常明显；从引进、学习到与世界同步，中国地理学正在完成质的飞跃。地理工作者对祖国的热爱、对地理学的高度责任感和中国社会进步的内在要求是中国地理学不断发展的根本动力。 相似文献
11.
The general model of the curriculum development process has been widely accepted as a satisfactory view of the process at work and of how the process might be made to work in practice. Such a model ignores the human element. The paper expands the general model so as to include the social interaction and interpersonal dynamics dimension of curriculum change. Concepts in diffusion theory and behavioural geography provide a perspective for building into the curriculum process views of it as a social system akin in some respects to a feudal society. The expanded model includes consideration of the influence of the social, personal, psychological and attitudinal traits of those engaged in curriculum development. The spatial pattern likely to be created by the model provokes questions about the best management of the diffusion process. 相似文献
12.
自然地理学方向的古地理学开创了时间维地理学研究的领域,其在我国的发展经历了一个从古地理学向环境演变研究拓展的过程。以现代自然环境的历史建构为主体的古地理学,以时间坐标系下自然地理过程研究为主的环境演变研究,以从时间的维度探索人地关系为主的人地系统演变研究,分别体现了地理学的区域研究传统、地球科学传统和人地关系传统,构成了自然地理学时间维研究的3个基本方面。广义地理解自然地理学方向的古地理学、环境演变以及人地系统演变,它们可以看作是相通的,人地系统演变可以理解为包括了人类作为驱动力和承受者的环境演变,用人地关系来定义自然学地理方向的古地理学,则可以将其定义为关于人地（人类-环境）系统历史演变的科学。 相似文献
13.
中央地质调查所作为中华民国时期成立最早、规模最大、最具国际声誉的国家级研究机构,在南京解放后它的演变过程目前尚缺少详实而准确的文献资料。本文基于历史档案,结合有关文献,较为详细地梳理了1949~1951年中央地质调查所先后被南京市军管会文化教育委员会(1949年5月~1950年6月)、华东军政委员会教育部(1950年7月~1950年12月)、中国地质工作计划指导委员会(1951年1月3日~1951年5月6日)接管的过程。本文还整理了1949年11月1日中国科学院正式成立后,中央地质调查所全所工作人员一致希望隶属中国科学院的经过,以及最终于1951年5月7日奉命改组为中国科学院地质研究所的过程。 相似文献
14.
A. J. Jowett 《GeoJournal》1985,10(4):373-388
Taking advantage of the increased flow of economic data from Mainland China, this article reviews the development of the foodgrain sector over the period 1949–81. Rice, wheat and maize are the dominant crops, they currently occupy 70% of the total foodgrain acreage and provide 80% of production. China's doubling of foodgrain production over the past 30 years (1952–81) has been achieved through a substantial intensification and modernisation of the agricultural sector. Faced with the major constraint of a very limited supply of arable land, production increases have had to come from increasing yields rather than from expanding acreage. While the productivity of land has increased significantly, the productivity of labour appears to have stagnated or declined from the late 1950s to the late 1970s. Nevertheless, increased grain production, allied to a successful food distribution system, has given China the ability to feed 22% of the world's population from only 7% of the world's arable land. In an endeavour to overcome the problems of low productivity and low rural incomes, a major shift in Government policy has taken place in the post-Mao era. Increased material incentives, increased autonomy, increased grain imports and the abandonment of collective agriculture in favour of family farming, have greatly improved production, productivity, profitability and consumption in rural China.Abbreviations JPRS
Joint Publications Research Service
- PSMA
(China Report) Political, Sociological & Military Affairs 相似文献
15.
Jens C. Hansen 《Geoforum》1983,14(4):353-361
This article examines the role of regional policy in the light of the significant changes in the economic geography of Norway in the last thirty years. It focuses on the way in which regional policy has become the major instrument of government policy for the protection of the settlement pattern inherited from a previous period of industrial development. The author explains how national wealth from North Sea oil has made this possible and speculates on the future prospects of this policy. 相似文献
16.
Damage and destruction to schools from climate-related disasters can have significant and lasting impacts on curriculum and educational programs, educational attainment, and future income-earning potential of affected students. As such, assessing the potential impact of hazards is crucial to the ability of individuals, households, and communities to respond to natural disasters, extreme events, and economic crises. Yet, few studies have focused on assessing the vulnerability of schools in coastal regions of the USA. Using Hurricane Ike’s tropical storm wind swath in the State of Texas as our study area, we: (1) assessed the spatial distribution patterns of school closures and (2) tested the relationship between school closure and vulnerability factors (namely physical exposure and school demographics) using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. The regression results show that higher probabilities of hurricane strikes, more urbanized school districts, and school districts located in coastal counties on the right side of Ike’s path have significant positive associations with an increase in the number of school closure days. Socioeconomic characteristics were not significantly associated with the number of days closed, with the exception of proportion of Hispanic youth in schools, a result which is not supported by the social vulnerability literature. At a practical level, understanding how hurricanes may adversely impact schools is important for developing appropriate preparedness, mitigation, recovery, and adaptation strategies. For example, school districts on the right side of the hurricane track can plan in advance for potential damage and destruction. The ability of a community to respond to future natural disasters, extreme events, and economic crises depends in part on mitigating these adverse effects. 相似文献
17.
Dietrich Soyez 《GeoJournal》2000,52(1):7-16
Dial locally -act globally: this slogan seems to appropriately reflect, under prevailing conditions of globalization and disembeddedness, the seemingly unrestrained possibilities of a variety of actors to influence events - without being present - anywhere on the planet. While focusing on a broadly conceived group of transnational social movement organizations - from non-governmental organizations to loosely linked transnational advocacy networks - the aim of this paper is to give evidence of the fact that geography - and all manner of borders - still matters even for these actors. Despite being linked with the world, they continue to act from deeply embedded local contexts, very often not triggering true transnational interaction but much more limited translocal encounters. In doing so, however, they literally cause collisions between different worlds while not only modifying existing but also constructing new spaces.September 1984 – first week of my field-work on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada. A teacher at the local high school had agreed to make the first contacts with environmental groups, who were opposed to the use of pesticides by a Swedish forest products company. In return, he asked me to give two geography lessons on Germany to his class.After the lessons the 15-year-old pupils asked questions. One of the first of these was what I did with my family on a free weekend. Without long consideration, I answered: ``We often go for a walk in the forest with our children'. The pupils doubled up laughing in response, and the geography teacher was obviously also amused.A few days later I understood the reason for this reaction, when I saw typical forest land in Nova Scotia for the first time. Forests of an age which in Germany would be airy timber forests, which could be walked through even away from paths, were here largely inpenetrable thickets with numerous trunks per square meter not much thicker than an arm. Nobody could `go for a walk' here...This episode serves as a background to the issues that will be discussed, and I will return to it in my conclusion. It supports a central aspect, which is often neglected in many discussions about globalization: geography matters. 相似文献
18.
Post-Mesozoic Transformation of Tectonic Domain in Southeastern China and Its Geodynamic Mechanism 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Wu Ganguo Zhang Da Faculty of Earth Sciences Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Chen Bailin Institute of Geomechanics CAGS Beijing China Wu Jianshe Institute of Geological Survey of Fujian Pr 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(3)
Southeastern China,an im portantcom ponentof the east-ern Asian continental margin,is a region where the PacificOcean plate and the Eurasian plate have interacted with eachother since the Mesozoic.Southeastern China,studied bymany Chinese and foreign geologists for a long time (L i,1993;Ren,1990 ;L i,1973;Xie,196 5 ;Huang,195 4a,b) ,contains a num ber of im portant geological features includingancient Cathaysia,a tectono- magmatic belt of Mesozoic-Cenozoic and a polym etal circum - weste… 相似文献
19.
Although there are several departments and subdepartments of geography in Saudi universities and other institutions, these departments have so far failed to produce professionals who are capable of filling the posts offered by the employers in both the public and private sectors. This paper suggests that since the demand for geography graduates with general training is rather low at presents, it is time for geography departments to turn to professionalism in the field so that geography graduates can compete favourably for the available posts. This calls for a new look into the geography curriculum, particularly at university level with a view of improving the skills and aptitude of geographers to assume a more positive role in the process of development. The paper also calls for the regional specialisation of geography departments in Saudi Arabia as a step forward towards solving the existing job problem for geography graduates, as well aas underlining the involvement and commitment of geographers to issues of development at the local, regional and national scales. 相似文献