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金川镍矿浮选尾矿数量巨大,含有相当可观的有价金属,其中有价金属的回收受到越来越多的关注。金川老尾矿库尾矿砂中Ni和Cu赋存状态复杂,水溶性矿物态、可交换离子态、碳酸盐态、结晶度较差的Fe氧化物态、结晶度较好的Fe氧化物态、硫化物态和残渣态中都含有数量不等的有价金属Ni和Cu;尾矿砂风化作用释放的金属阳离子大多数在发生氧化的硫化物位置原位发生水解沉淀形成次生矿物,有价金属Ni和Cu在尾矿库中没有发生明显的富集。金川镍矿尾矿砂中Ni和Cu适于用化学酸溶浸出的方法进行二次回收。 相似文献
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从硫化物的氧化、脉石矿物的溶解、氧的扩散、水的流动和溶质质量迁移等过程的耦合作用建立了尾矿-水相互作用的动力学模型。对湖南湘西金矿尾矿库的数学模拟表明：早期尾矿-水的相互作用可以引起酸水的产生和重金属的释放及对环境的污染，影响较大的主要是前30年，随着时间增加，尾矿孔隙水逐渐中性化，污染元素含量显著降低。脉石矿物的溶解和有机物反应可降低尾矿中氧的扩散和产生酸的中和作用。尾矿库上部孔隙水中各组分含量明显高于尾矿库下部，并在约6m深处存在突变带。尾矿库的水文分带是导致地球化学分带的主要原因。 相似文献
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通过重金属含量分析,分级提取化学形态分析,结合矿物成分和化学成分分析,对黄龙铺矿区1号尾矿库重金属元素在风化过程中的地球化学行为进行了研究。研究结果表明在横向上,尾矿库中心排水口处地势低洼,铜、铁因相对活泼易于迁移而流失,铅、锌、铬、镉在尾矿库四周的地表浅部淋失,在尾矿库中心则相对富集。化学形态分析表明尾砂中各重金属元素赋存状态各有不同,一般以T6原生硫化物态和T7残渣态为主,铜、锌、铁迁移性较强;其他则较弱,表明对环境威胁不是很大。重金属的迁移明显的分为氧化带和次氧化带,研究结果显示尾矿覆盖方法也不一定能够有效地阻滞污染元素的迁移。 相似文献
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金属矿山生产产生大量的尾矿,不但危害周围生态环境,而且对资源造成极大浪费。金川镍矿尾矿砂Ni、Cu和Co的平均含量分别达到0.21%、0.19%和0.01%,是够得上二次开发利用的宝贵资源。文中对金川镍矿尾矿砂矿物组成特征及酸溶特性进行了详细的研究,目的是为工业化高效回收尾矿砂中Ni、Cu和Co等有价金属提供科学依据与技术支撑。矿物学研究表明,金川镍矿尾矿砂主要由蛇纹石、绿泥石、橄榄石、辉石、透闪石、磁铁矿、白云石及少量磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿等组成。经多年露天堆存,金川镍矿老尾矿库尾矿砂已发生不同程度的氧化作用。尾矿库3 m以上为强烈氧化带,金属硫化物矿物颗粒边缘、裂缝处基本都有强烈的氧化作用发生。碳酸盐等易溶矿物被大量消耗。硫酸溶解实验表明,金川镍矿老尾矿库尾矿砂中有价金属Cu、Ni和Co的平均浸出率分别可达88.6%、75.3% 和70.8%。尾矿砂中Cu、Ni和Co有价金属的浸出效果不但清楚直观地反映了尾矿库中尾矿砂的氧化程度,而且表明金属硫化物尾矿砂的风化作用,极大地促进了硫化物矿物中有价金属的酸溶浸出。 相似文献
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《地球化学》2015,(4)
青海省祁漫塔格-都兰成矿带是以铁铜多金属为主的成矿带,其矿产丰富但研究程度较低。双庆铁矿床是该成矿带上的典型矿床,目前尚未对其金属硫化物开展地球化学研究。本文运用电子探针测试手段,分析金属硫化物地球化学特征,结合闪锌矿标型特征研究,以期为矿床中金属硫化物生成环境提供指示意义。基于金属硫化物的电子探针分析结果,通过计算其标准化学式可知,其平均化学式的S元素比例逐渐减弱,表明对应矿物生成的还原环境在逐渐减弱。闪锌矿的Zn/Fe比值、Zn/Cd比值及闪锌矿地质温度计结果表明属于中-高温型闪锌矿。再结合闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度测试结果,证实与中-高温型闪锌矿吻合。 相似文献
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为探讨富硫化物尾矿酸化及重金属污染特征,选择安徽铜陵水木冲尾矿库浅层(0～90 cm)剖面为研究对象,对其结构特点、矿物组成、重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cr、Mn、Cu和As)含量及赋存形态进行研究。结果表明,该尾矿库浅层出现分层现象,即表层为强硬化层,向下依次为弱硬化层和松散层,且呈酸性;矿物主要以辉石、长石、云母和石膏为主,由浅及深,金属硫化物及碳酸盐型矿物特征峰呈现增强的趋势;重金属呈现两种富集类型:表层(0～30cm,As、Pb)富集和中部(40～60 cm,Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn和Cr)富集型,其中Cu、Cd、As污染较为严重。由相关性分析可知,部分金属之间存在一定的伴生性,且p H值是影响重金属迁移的重要因素之一。该尾矿重金属主要以残渣态为主,其中Pb的潜在迁移能力最强,As最弱,顺序为Pb Cd Zn Ni Cr Mn Cu As。 相似文献
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利用拉拉铜矿矿区水环境调查和水质监测资料,依据国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),采用模糊数学方法对矿区水环境质量进行了综合评价,认为除尾矿水、生活污水极严重污染(Ⅴ类)外,其他水属清洁(Ⅰ类);同时筛选出主要污染因子为来自尾矿水中的Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd和生活污水中的总氮、总磷,进一步探讨了污染物可能造成的环境危害.提出对泄漏的尾矿水可通过吸附、沉淀,除去金属毒物;对生活污水可通过离子交换法和吸附法除氮、除磷,同时还应对矿山水环境加强监管的措施. 相似文献
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Sudhakar M. Rao B. V. Venkatarama Reddy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1545-1559
The gold mining process at Kolar gold field (KGF) mines has generated about 32 million tons of tailings. Gold was extracted
from the mined ores using cyanidation technique that involved dissolution of gold in the ore by water soluble alkali metal
cyanides (example, sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide). Of the several dumps that received the mine tailings only the Kennedy’s
Line dump was active prior to closure of the KGF mines in the year 2000. The Kennedy’s Line dump received sulfide bearing
tailings in slurry form that comprised of spent ore and process water bearing soluble alkali metal cyanide. Depending on the
pH of the tailing slurry, the free cyanides may exist as aqueous hydrogen cyanide that can escape to the atmosphere as hydrogen
cyanide gas or occur as soluble cyanide (CN−) ions that can be leached by infiltrating water to the sub-surface environment. Additionally, the presence of pyrite minerals
in the Kennedy’s Line dump makes them susceptible to acid drainage. This study examines the potential of gold tailings of
Kennedy’s Line dump to release cyanide ions (CN−) and acid drainage to the sub-surface environment by performing physico-chemical and leaching tests with tailing samples
collected from various depths of the dump, sub-surface soil samples beneath the dump and groundwater samples from vicinity
of Kennedy’s Line dump. The chemical mechanisms responsible for the ambient cyanide and pH levels of the tailing dump, sub-surface
soil samples and groundwater are also inferred from the laboratory results. 相似文献
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Different spontaneous plant communities in Sanmen Pb/Zn mine tailing and their effects on mine tailing physico-chemical properties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Different plant communities have established spontaneously on Sanmen Pb/Zn mine tailing. The site was inspected and four different
plant communities were identified according to their species composition. To understand the effects of different communities
on mine tailing physico-chemical properties, a community survey was carried out in Sanmen Pb/Zn mine tailing, and the physico-chemical
properties and heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) distribution of mine tailings were determined. Results showed that there were
four types of communities (I, II, III and IV) in Sanmen Pb/Zn mine tailing. From community I to IV, the number of plant species
and community characteristics (aboveground biomass, underground biomass, coverage and height) consistently increased. Moreover,
the nutrient pool and physico-chemical properties of mine tailing consistently reestablished from community I to IV, while
the total heavy metal content consistently decreased. The contents of residual fractions, Fe–Mn oxide fractions for Pb, Zn,
Cu and Cd and exchangeable fractions for Pb and Zn also consistently decreased. However, the contents of organically bound
fraction had no obvious change from community I to IV. Moreover, the contents of Cu organically bound fraction reversely increased.
Results demonstrate that communities I, II, III and IV should be a progressive community succession. Moreover, along with
the progressive community succession, phytostabilization and phytoextraction of mine tailings are more and more effective. 相似文献
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The article presents the geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of heavy metal elements within the soil–plant system
in the Hetai mine-abandoned areas and wasteland, China. The cytogenetic toxic effects of gold mine wastelands environment
on the chromosome and micronucleus were analyzed by genetic methods. The results showed that abundances of Au and Au-associated
heavy metal elements such as Cu, As, Cd, Pb and Hg in soils, plants and the pigments in those abandoned mine areas were much
higher than those in the background region. The cell structures of the plants in the abandoned mine areas were anomalous and
aberrant, and there were many nano-metal particles diffused in the cells. Moreover, the heavy metal elements in those abandoned
mine areas had entered the ultrastructure and caused toxicities to the organism. 相似文献
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Agustín Gómez-Alvarez Diana Meza-Figueroa Arturo I. Villalba-Atondo Jesús Leobardo Valenzuela-García Jorge Ramírez-Hernández Javier Almendariz-Tapia 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1469-1479
The San Pedro River (SPR) is located in northern Sonora (Mexico) and southeastern Arizona (USA). SPR is a transboundary river
that develops along the Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (USA) border, and is considered the main source of water for a variety
of users (human settlements, agriculture, livestock, and industry). The SPR originates in the historic Cananea mining area,
which hosts some of the most important copper mineralizations in Mexico. Acid mine drainage derived from mine tailings is
currently reaching a tributary of the SPR near Cananea City, resulting in the contamination of the SPR with heavy metals and
sulfates in water and sediments. This study documents the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in surface water along
a segment of the SPR from 1993 to 2005. Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in surface waters are above maximum
permissible levels in sampling sites near mine tailing deposits. Nevertheless, a significant decrease in the Fe and SO4
2− in surface water (SO4
2−: 7,180–460.39 mg/L; Fe: 1,600–9.51 mg/L) as well as a gradual decrease in the heavy and transition metal content were observed
during the period from 1994 to 2005. Approximately 2.3 km downstream of the mine tailings, the heavy metal content of the
water drops quickly following an increase in pH values due to the discharging of wastewater into the river. The attenuation
of the heavy metal content in surface waters is related to stream sediment precipitation (accompanied by metal coprecipitation
and sorption) and water dilution. Determining the heavy metal concentration led to the conclusion that the Cananea mining
area and the San Pedro River are ecosystems that are impacted by the mining industry and by untreated wastewater discharges
arising from the city of Cananea (Sonora, Mexico). 相似文献
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矿山尾矿库存在巨大的潜在危害,是不可轻视的环境风险源。为实现对山东省尾矿库的遥感监测与分析,利用我国遥感14号、24号、5号和高分2号等卫星高分辨率遥感图像,对全省矿山尾矿库进行全面的遥感解译,摸清了现有尾矿库的类型、数量、位置、规模及使用状态。截至2015年12月,山东省共有尾矿库585座,以铁矿和金矿尾矿库为主,主要集中在胶东地区(烟台、青岛和威海),经野外实地验证,遥感调查结果全部正确; 从尾矿库占用和破坏土地、尾矿废水污染、粉尘污染以及地质灾害隐患等方面分析了尾矿库对环境的影响,建议相关部门予以高度重视,及时排查尾矿库的隐患。 相似文献
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通过对大尹格庄和夏甸两个超大型金矿床的精金矿与尾矿砂中关键元素含量的分析,发现相对于华北克拉通地壳元素丰度,本次分析的稀贵元素Co、Rh、Ir和Ru,稀散元素Cd、Te和Se,稀有元素W和In均发生了不同程度的富集;特别是Te、Co和Cd超常富集达到伴生组分综合评价品位。根据伴生有用组分综合评价规范和金矿选矿报告相关参数,分别估算了金矿石和精金矿中可利用的关键金属矿产储量,其中夏甸金矿床内Te储量为69吨(精金矿中52吨)、Co储量为604吨(精金矿中413吨),大尹格庄金矿床内Cd储量为224吨(精金矿中206吨),这些均可直接回收利用。矿物学和矿物化学综合研究表明:Te主体以碲金矿、碲银矿、碲铋矿、碲铅矿和陈国达矿等独立矿物存在,与可见金密切共生;Co常以微量元素形式分布在金成矿早阶段的粗粒黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中;Cd主要以类质同象的形式赋存于金成矿晚阶段的闪锌矿、黄铁矿和黄铜矿中。进一步通过对典型金矿床中黄铁矿原位和/或单矿物的Te与Co含量对比、并结合矿石中Co与Cd元素组成及其区域地球化学空间分布特征,综合约束了其超常富集特征与资源潜力,揭示新城、玲珑和寺庄金矿床及栖霞异常区分别有约2329吨、1035吨、1553吨和22790吨Co资源量,乳山、新城和焦家金矿床有约1529吨、126吨、216吨Te资源量,仓上、新立、三山岛、寺庄和新城金矿床、以及栖霞和招平北段异常区分别有约47.6吨、78吨、63.7吨、69吨、3564吨、7120吨和696吨Cd资源量;即胶东金矿集区具备近期被综合利用或作为未来潜在接替资源的Co、Te和Cd资源条件,且其展布区域广泛、资源潜力巨大。初步研究已显示胶东具有形成大型-超大型Cd、Te和Co矿床的资源条件,但关键金属资源的空间分布极不均一、其超常富集机理与规律尚不清楚,亟需深入研究。 相似文献
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稳定同位素因其指纹效应已成为分析矿区污染来源的重要技术手段。文章以招远金矿区为例，应用硫同位素联合水化学分析、聚类分析及氢氧同位素分析招远金矿区水污染特征和成因。通过分析可知，矿区内地表水和地下水主要接受大气降水补给，水力联系密切。水化学类型以SO4—Ca和SO4—Na型为主，阴离子以SO42-为主，地表水和地下水的NO3-和Cl-在空间上变异性较大。地表水硫酸盐含量普遍偏高，硫酸盐污染较为严重，高值区出现在玲珑金矿、金翅岭金矿和张星镇附近；而地下水高值区都出现在玲珑金矿附近，且SO42-浓度沿着径流方向逐渐降低。地表水中硫酸盐δ34S值介于1.8‰~9.8‰，地下水中硫酸盐δ34S值介于2.7‰~9.6‰，地表水和地下水硫酸盐含量受玲珑金矿硫化、玲珑花岗岩和胶东岩群影响明显。在地下水径流途中，有地表水入渗污染地下水的现象。另外，工业废水的排放也是硫酸盐含量升高的主要原因。研究表明:硫同位素在金矿区硫酸盐污染的来源和特征方面有很好的指示作用，是评价矿山开采对地下水污染的有效工具。 相似文献