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通过2014年来对凡河新城如意湖、莲花湖及天水河等水体的富营养化监测,其水质状况不能让人令人满意。加强凡河新城周边水体水质监测,提出监测方案及监测方法,并对水质改善提出凡河新城上游推广种植水生植物,周边水体采用工程性措施、化学方法及生理性措施、改善水体水质富营养化。 相似文献
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由于绍兴污水处理厂排放口是过渡性的,大量未达标的污水排入曹娥江,使得该河段污染负荷很大。为了解绍兴污水排放对曹娥江的水质影响,选用二维水流水质数学模型,采用有限差分格式数值求解方程来计算分析绍兴排污工程达标及未达标排放两种工况分别对曹娥江河口段水质的影响。结果表明,未达标排放时,曹娥江河口段水质污染严重,存在超Ⅴ类水体,若达标排放,水体基本能够满足Ⅲ类水质功能区划要求。就绍兴污水处理厂目前运行状况而言,很难保证本江段水体达到功能区划要求。因此绍兴排污工程污水达标排放对于保护曹娥江河口段的水体是至关重要的因素。 相似文献
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薛城区西邻微山湖,地表水环境质量影响到南水北调东线工程的水质。目前地表水遭受到污染,水环境质量下降,通过加强宣传教育,提高全民生态水利建设意识;实施污染治理再提高工程,严格控制污染物总量;有效控制污染;实施碧水工程,切实加强水源地保护,发展循环经济,提高污水处理能力,实现水资源的循环利用等对策,提高水环境质量。 相似文献
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测定废水中ＣＯＤ的催化快速法冯惠华，陈之莹，韩立平（水利部水质试验研究中心）一、前言化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）是水质综合评价中的重要参数，它是指示水体被还原性物质污染的主要指标，也可将其作为水体受有机物污染的综合指标。因此，水体中ＣＯＤ的测定对水质监测、水... 相似文献
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依据生态环境地质调查资料，筛选出影响南水北调东线工程山东段生态环境地质系统质量优劣的主要因素——土壤环境、水环境、工程地质环境、地质环境，先进行单环境质量评价，求取综合指标；再利用模糊评判结合叠加法进行综合评价，并进行综合质量分区。评价结果揭示：南水北调东线工程山东段沿线综合环境质量较差，实施南水北调工程对于调节该区生态环境是必要的。 相似文献
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与传统卫星遥感相比，机载高光谱遥感具有高时空分辨率、机动灵活等优势，可解决传统水质监测方法中存在的短板问题。机载高光谱遥感反演方法可以更全面地反映水质的时空分布变化，能够更好地捕捉地物光谱特征以提取更多的水质参数，适用于内陆水体或海湾的水质监测和水体污染的应急遥感监测。文章简述了机载高光谱遥感的特点，阐述了机载高光谱遥感水质监测的原理、监测对象和方法，综合介绍了有人机载和无人机载高光谱遥感在内陆水体或海湾水质监测中的研究与应用现状，剖析了机载高光谱遥感在水质监测中的问题，并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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孔雀绿－磷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定水中微量磷徐律涂，关虹（山西省水文总站）（太原工业大学）一、引言水体中过量的磷会导致水质恶化，造成水体富营养化，破坏生态平衡￣［１］。在水质监测中，总磷已被列为正式监测项目，其常用监测方法为钼蓝法，由于反应时多余的还原... 相似文献
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2011年9～10月采集了中亚干旱半干旱地区塔吉克斯坦不同区域的河水、泉水和湖水,通过不同水体样品水化学指标、氢氧同位素分析,初步研究了该区域水化学类型和同位素空间分布特征,并探讨了其形成原因和环境意义。研究结果表明:塔吉克斯坦河水和泉水的主要水化学类型为Ca-HCO3-型,水体离子主要来源于方解石和白云石风化,局部地区受蒸发岩风化和硅酸盐风化的影响,偶见Ca-SO42-和Na-HCO3-型水体分布。湖泊多分布在东部山区,受多年干旱蒸发影响,水化学类型为Mg-SO42-和Na-Cl-型,以微咸水和咸水湖为主。研究区内河水和泉水氢氧同位素变化范围分别为-129.38×10-3～-65.19×10-3和-17.06×10-3～-9.33×10-3,空间上从东向西逐渐富集。受水体来源的区域差异影响,东部和西部河水水体氢氧同位素关系式存在明显不同。反映了东部地区河水以冰川补给为主,西部地区以降水补给为主,而湖水氢氧同位素的变化主要反映了水体蒸发程度。 相似文献
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Estimating groundwater inflow and leakage outflow for an intermontane lake with a structurally complex geology: Georgetown Lake in Montana,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stable isotopes of the water molecule (δ18O and δD) for groundwater, lake water, streams, and precipitation were coupled with physical flux measurements to investigate groundwater–lake interactions and to establish a water balance for a structurally complex lake. Georgetown Lake, a shallow high-latitude high-elevation lake, is located in southwestern Montana, USA. The lake is situated between two mountain ranges with highlands primarily to the east and south of the lake and a lower valley to the west. An annual water balance and (δ18O and δD) isotope balance were used to quantify annual groundwater inflows of 2.5?×?107 m3/year and lake leakage outflows of 1.6?×?107 m3/year. Roughly, 57% of total inflow to the lake is from groundwater, and 37% of total outflow at Georgetown Lake is groundwater. Stable isotopes of groundwater and springs around the lake and surrounding region show that the east side of the lake contains meteoric water recharged annually from higher mountain sources, and groundwater discharge to the lake occurs through this region. However, springs located in the lower western valley and some of the surrounding domestic wells west of the lake show isotopic enrichment indicative of strong to moderate evaporation similar to Georgetown Lake water. This indicates that some outflowing lake water recharges groundwater through the underlying west-dipping bedrock in the region. 相似文献
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对龙羊峡形成的初步认识 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从地貌和新构造的角度实际考察了龙羊峡，建立了共和盆地和龙羊峡地区构造抬升和变形的几何模型。根据模型笔者认为，黄河溯源侵蚀到达贵德盆地之后，龙羊峡西段由海拔3000m的夷平面封闭共和古湖，共和盆地周围的水体流向共和古湖；峡谷东段拉吉玛、罗汉堂地区已进行溯源侵蚀，水体向东流向贵得盆地。共和运动发生时，共和盆地作为一个完整的次级刚性活动块体被向东挤出和向东南微量顺时针旋转，同时，盆地的西端垂直构造抬升的幅度大于东端，共和古湖的水体重心向东偏移，水面越过海拔3000m的夷平面，向东流向贵德盆地，流水作用在两个盆地之间快速下切形成现今的龙羊峡。 相似文献
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对呼伦湖29个表层沉积物花粉组合和环境影响因子进行主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA),探讨呼伦湖表层沉积物花粉组合的空间分布特征及造成空间分异的现代过程机制.研究结果表明,呼伦湖表层沉积物花粉组合空间分布差异显著,藜科和松属等花粉在湖泊东侧近岸地带百分含量较高,蒿属与桦属花粉在湖泊中部和西部百分含量较高.呼伦湖东岸盐生非地带性植被、主导风向形成的漂流、与水深相关的二次悬移再沉积过程以及河流搬运作用是影响呼伦湖表层沉积物花粉空间分异的主要因素,其中湖泊东岸盐生非地带性植被造成了藜科花粉百分含量在近东岸地带偏高,主导风向形成的由西向东的漂流作用可能导致了松属花粉百分含量在近东岸地带偏高. 相似文献
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巴丹湖区位于巴丹吉林沙漠的东南缘,发育很多被纵向沙垄一分为二、水体化学特征悬殊的双湖系统。前人对此类湖泊成因及风成地貌过程如何影响湖泊水文特征缺乏系统的研究。通过对沙漠东南缘局部风向和巴丹东、西湖湖盆形态的分析反演湖区的地貌演化,从而对湖泊水化学等特征的差异进行解释。水化学测试结果显示：巴丹东湖湖水的TDS为15 g/L左右,为微咸水;西湖的TDS是东湖的上百倍,为盐水。Google Earth遥感影像和DEM反映出巴丹吉林沙漠盛行NW风,东南缘风向及风力多变;巴丹东湖湖盆深于西湖湖盆。反演了巴丹湖地貌演化的3个阶段：(1)月牙湖形成阶段,即巴丹湖的形成阶段;(2)双湖系统形成阶段,气候干旱使湖泊水位降低、湖盆出露,在NW定向风作用下,新的新月形沙丘形成于湖盆上,将其分割从而导致巴丹东湖湖盆遭受风蚀;(3)纵向沙垄形成阶段,由于局部风向的改变,新月形沙丘在SW向风力作用下往NE向不断延伸,并转变成纵向沙垄。综合分析认为：气候变化是风成地貌演化的驱动力,多次风向的改变产生了湖盆地形西高东低的差异,导致东湖接受的浅层地下水补给大于西湖;当气候变得暖湿时,水位上升致两湖水体连通,由于东湖水位高于西湖,使东湖盐分释放、西湖盐分积累。因此,受地貌演化的影响,巴丹东、西湖形成了悬殊的盐度特征。 相似文献
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A comprehensive assessment on lake water quality was carried out in Shahu Lake, northwest China, to provide valuable information about present lake water quality for decision making. Major ions, general parameters, bacteriological parameters, organics and trace metals monitored monthly in 2014 were considered. Monitored parameters were compared with quality criteria for surface water of China, and overall water quality assessment was carried out using an entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI) based on 20 selected parameters. Lake water quality was also assessed for irrigation purpose. The results show that the lake water is of Cl·SO4–Na facies with high salinity and COD. The geochemistry of the lake water is regulated by intense evaporation and human activities. TP, TN and F? are major inorganic contaminants, with over 50% of the water samples polluted by them. Oil, mainly attributed by leaky motor tourist boats, is the major organic pollutants in the lake water, with 10 samples (37.04%) showing higher oil content than the permissible limit. The concentrations of other inorganic and organic contaminants as well as trace metals are well below the permissible limits. The present study indicates that inorganic contamination in the lake water is more severe than organic pollution. The overall lake water quality, assessed by EWQI, is poor and very poor with SO4 2?, TDS, TH and Cl? being the dominant contributing factors. The lake water is suitable for irrigation in terms of alkalinity, but is unsuitable for irrigation from the salinity point of view. Accelerating the circulation and replenishment of the lake water is an important way of reducing contaminant concentrations. This study is important in providing comprehensive information on lake water quality for decision makers and valuable reference for international lake water researchers. 相似文献
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详述了湖泊遥感水质最新发展动态,如遥感水质模型的数学方法、与水质指标最敏感的波段以及TM、SPOT、MODIS、MERIS、AVHRR、CASI等传感器的适用情况,并分析了可能导致湖泊水质遥感模型误差的原因和解决办法。湖泊各项水质组分与光谱之间相互影响可认为是一种非常复杂的非线性关系,最适合用神经网络这样的黑箱模型来模拟。应当研究和选取敏感波段,用高光谱逐段分析与各种水质指标相关最密切的波段。湖泊水质遥感最终走向实用化必将其与水生态问题结合起来,作为一种监测手段,在水中藻类的时空分布、流域营养物质输送模型和湖泊水域水质模型等问题中得到广泛应用。我国学者使用超光谱数据源获得更为精确的监测成果还比较少,由于我国卫星可以用来进行水质遥感的波段比较宽,应当在新一代的资源环境卫星上加入更适合水质遥感的波段。 相似文献
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E?irdir Lake is the second largest fresh water lake with 482 km2 surface area of Turkey. The lake is an indispensable water source for our country and region because of available water capacity and usage aims such as drinking-irrigation water, tourism, and fishing. However, especially contaminants located in the E?irdir Lake catchment affect the lake water quality negatively in times. Therefore, determination of the water quality of the lake has quite importance for region human health and sustainable usage of the lake. The major factors that control the quality of the E?irdir Lake water are agricultural activities in the basin, water–rock interaction, and domestic and industrial wastes. This study investigates the anthropogenic and geologic impact originated from pollution sources and water–rock interaction in the lake watershed basin to the E?irdir Lake water quality. For this purpose, geological, hydrogeological, and hydrological properties of the lake basin with point and nonpoint pollution sources were investigated. To determine the water quality of the lake, 48 water samples were collected especially from locations representing effects of pollutants in May and October 2009. The analysis results were compared with maximum permissible limit values recommended by World Health Organization and Turkish drinking water standards. The contents of all chemical and physical parameters are higher in dry periods than wet period, and water pollution was observed at discharge points of the streams into the lake. Also, pH, turbidity, potassium, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium, aluminum, iron, and lead concentrations were found to be above drinking water standards. 相似文献
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太湖沉积物中重金属的测定及环境意义 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38
通过对太湖地区水域湖泊沉积物中重金属含量的抽样测试，描述了太湖水域重金属（Ag、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等）元素的污染状及其分布，结果表明：太湖沉积物中重金属含量北部明显高于东部，来自太湖北岸城镇和工业区的未处理工业及生活污水，对太湖北部水域造成的重金属污染程度远高于以养殖业为主的东太湖及湖心水域。 相似文献