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1.
由于区域地质特征、水文地质条件、气候影响和人类活动的差异性,导致区域地下水演化的地球化学过程复杂、影响因素众多.在总结近年来国内外区域地下水化学演化研究大量成果的基础上,综述了地下水演化的地球化学系统分析方法,地下水演化研究的水文地球化学方法、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学方法和技术以及地下水演化的地球化学模拟方法和技术及常用软件.指出在今后的一段时期内,区域地下水自然演化与人类活动的复合作用、地下水与地表水的相互作用、微生物-水-岩相互作用将是区域地下水地球化学研究的热点领域,其中物理、化学、生物的耦合作用将是区域地下水演化的地球化学研究的重点领域. 相似文献
2.
简要回顾水—岩相互作用研究的历史, 它基本经历了一个从水—岩相互作用, 到水—岩—有机物相互作用, 最后到水—岩—气—有机物—微生物相互作用研究的发展历程.近年来, 除基础地质及与矿产资源有关的课题继续深入外, 地下水环境演化与全球变化、含水系统中微量变价元素的迁移、转化与富集、地下水环境污染治理与修复、废物地质处置与CO2封存等, 已经成为水—岩相互作用领域的研究热点.随着物理、化学、生物等领域中各种新理论和新方法的不断应用, 水—岩相互作用研究面临着新的机遇和挑战, 主要包括: 地下水系统中生物地球化学过程研究、水—岩相互作用中微观机理与宏观地球化学过程的耦合, 以及水—岩相互作用中的同位素分馏及应用等. 相似文献
3.
2007年拟举办的重要国际、国内学术会议简要 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
(1)第十二届水-岩相互作用国际会议(昆明,2007年8月13～18日)水-岩相互作用国际学术会议(WRI Symposia)由国际地球化学与天体化学学会水-岩相互作用工作组(Working Group on Water-Rock Interaction,IAGC)主办,每3年在不同的国家举办一次.会议拟着重交流水-岩相互作用的热力学和动力学模拟、矿床及成矿作用及有关的地质灾害等方面的应用与基础研究成果. 相似文献
4.
关于地下水地质作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水是地球物质的一个组成部分,并与环境介质不断地进行着相互作用。这种作用既是地下水形成演化过程,又是对岩石圈改造过程。这二者是同步发生的。这种水一岩相互作用的过程及结果即是地下水的地质作用。 不同地质环境对水-岩间相互作用会产生不同影响,并在地下水和岩石中形成特异的特征(产物),认识这些特征的标志意义即可从中获取有用信息。目前对地下水传递的信息价值认识还很不够。为此进一步研究水-岩相互作用机制及不同地质作用中地下水活动的特点、习性及作用是很有益的。本文是以地质循环及岩浆、变质和成矿作用为例,对地下水活动特点、习性及其相互关系的概述。以此说明水—岩相互作用中彼此的密切联系。 相似文献
5.
花岗岩地区水-岩反应次生矿物的沉淀饱和指数估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水-岩反应次生矿物的沉淀作用不仅控制着地下水成分的演化,而且对核素的迁移和阻滞作用有重要影响。但在常温系统中,矿物的成核生长需要过饱和驱动力的存在,而且不同次生矿物成核生长所需的过饱和度有差异。本文在对日本和加拿大花岗岩地区水-岩系统的地质和地球化学特征进行分析研究的基础上,使用地球化学模拟软件PHREEQC2．15和数据库Ilnl．dat计算了次生矿物在地下水中的饱和指数,从而对各种矿物的沉淀饱和指数进行了估算。结果表明,方解石的化学活动性较强,容易溶解和沉淀,其沉淀饱和指数大约为0．5;针铁矿是地下水中铁的主要沉淀形式,其饱和指数的计算结果与pe值关系密切,沉淀饱和指数高达4．0±0．5;结合高岭石、伊利石、钙蒙脱石和钠蒙脱石之间的相平衡关系,估算其沉淀饱和指数分别为4．0±0．5、4．5±0．5、4．3±0．5和4．3±0．5。 相似文献
6.
人工补给对含水层水质的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了研究人工补给对含水层水质的影响问题,通过反向地球化学模拟方法对大庆西部地下水水质演化规律进行了分析。结果表明,地下水化学成分主要受含水层矿物相的溶解-沉淀作用、阳离子交换吸附作用以及氧化还原作用的影响,并确定方解石、白云石、盐岩、萤石、石膏、赤铁矿、菱铁矿、软锰矿、二氧化碳、阳离子交换剂等为影响地下水化学成分的控制性（矿）物相。在此基础上,采用正向地球化学模拟方法,以大庆市西水源地下水人工补给为例,模拟了地表水进入到地下后与含水层中原有的地下水以及含水层介质发生的水-岩相互作用。模拟结果表明,注入水与含水层中的水混合后,使地下水的矿化度有所降低,且混合水中地表水所占比例越大,地下水的矿化度越低;注入水与含水层中的地下水混合后,不会导致地下水水质的突变和水质级别的降低,还可在一定程度上改善含水层水质。 相似文献
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8.
北京城近郊区地下水人为影响和水-岩作用指示性指标研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
城市地区地下水受人类活动和天然水岩相互作用双重影响,特别是人为输入物质使地下水的化学成份与天然水化学场相比发生了较大变化。本文对北京城近郊区地下水中的K Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-等常规组分利用方差对比分析法和比例系数法进行了物源研究。研究结果显示:NO3-和Cl-主要源于人为输入,而HCO3-则主要源于水-岩相互作用,并根据来源将这七种组分分为四类:NO3-和Cl-主要为人为输入指示性指标,SO42-和K Na 为次要人为输入指示性指标,HCO3-为主要水-岩作用指示性指标,Ca2 和Mg2 为次要水-岩作用指示性指标。最后利用Cl-浓度的变化对研究区人为污染特征进行了分析。 相似文献
9.
水-岩作用的学术思想,是从天然水与岩石相互作用的角度来探讨地球内部到表部的多种复杂的自然过程。它是从水—岩作用的角度来研讨地球化学过程的机理,以及它们在人类各领域活动中的实用意义。水-岩作用研讨会是前苏联学者于1974年倡议发起的。 相似文献
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11.
Geochemical investigation of groundwater in a Granitic Island: a case study from Kinmen Island,Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tai-Sheng Liou Hsueh-Yu Lu Cheng-Kuo Lin Wayne Lin Yu-Te Chang Jeng-Ming Chien Wen-Fu Chen 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(7):1575-1585
Kinmen Island is principally composed of low permeable granitoid and covered by a very thin sedimentary layer. Both surface
and groundwater resources are limited and water demand is increasing with time. The groundwater in the granitoid has been
surveyed as an alternative water source for daily use. Two to five highly fractured zones in the granitoid aquifer for each
site were first determined by geochemical well logging. Accordingly, ten samples were collected from three sites. Using environmental
isotopes and geochemical modeling, geochemical processes occurring due to water–rock interaction in the granitoid aquifer
can be quantitatively interpreted. The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in groundwaters cluster along Taiwan’s local
meteoric waterline, indicating evaporation does not have considerable effect on groundwaters. Given such a high evaporation
rate for Kinmen Island, this result implies that infiltration rate of groundwater is high enough to reduce retention time
through a well-developed fracture zone. NetpathXL is employed for inverse geochemical modeling. Results determine gypsum as
being the major source of sulfate for deep groundwaters. The contribution from pyrite is minor. In addition, the weathering
of albite to kaolinite is the dominant water–rock interaction characterizing geochemical compositions of deep groundwater
in Kinmen Island. 相似文献
12.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(11):1295-1305
The abundance of various chemical elements (including trace, rare-earth, and radioactive) in the carbon dioxide mineral waters of the Choigan complex has been investigated. Three groups of waters are recognized according to the geochemical conditions and chemical composition: groundwaters of regional-jointing zone with oxidizing conditions; CO2-enriched groundwaters of regional-jointing zone with oxidizing conditions; and groundwaters of fault zones with reducing conditions. It is shown that water–rock interaction intensified by high temperature and carbon dioxide action is the main process determining the chemical composition of groundwaters. 相似文献
13.
1926-2009年额尔齐斯河流域中游地区气候变化及其对水资源的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
额尔齐斯河流域中游地区是哈萨克斯坦共和国重要的水资源富矿与战略经济区, 资料表明这一地区过去几十年来气候与水资源均发生了显著变化, 分析研究其气候变化及其对水资源的影响, 对水资源合理利用具有重要的指导意义.利用研究区7个气象站1926-2009年84 a逐月降水和气温资料, 应用高桥浩一郎公式计算研究区月平均蒸发量及可利用降水量, 分析了1926-2009年研究区气候变化及其对水资源的影响.结果表明: 1)与全球气候变暖一致, 过去84 a来研究区平均气温呈较快的升高趋势, 且自20世纪80年代末以来进入快速升温变暖期; 2)84 a来, 研究区降水总体呈增加趋势, 随着温度的升高, 蒸发量同步增加. 因此, 研究区可利用降水量尽管有波动但总体变化不大; 3)降水是影响研究区可利用降水量的最重要的影响因素, 二者呈现显著的正相关关系, 1%的降水变化可导致1.68%的可利用降水量变化.研究区是全球气候变化的敏感区域, 水资源开发利用需切实做好应对气候变化的适应性对策. 相似文献
14.
太湖沉积物重金属及营养盐污染研究 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
通过太湖MS沉积岩芯元素地球化学指标的分析,对太湖沉积物污染历史进行了系统的讨论。根据化学元素的聚类分析结果、变化趋势,并与太湖流域经济发展进程对比,认为太湖沉积物铅、锌、锰、镍污染开始于20世纪70年代末期,砷、汞污染分别开始于30年代和40年代,随着底泥重金属污染程度的加重,沉积物表层磁化率明显升高;总磷自40年代以来含量不断增加,总氮、总有机碳含量增加开始于70年代末期,表明湖泊富营养化程度不断加重。太湖沉积物重金属及营养盐污染历史与该区经济发展阶段相吻合。 相似文献
15.
As part of the events celebrating 40 a of IAGC, it is fitting to trace the modern evolution and development of hydrogeochemistry. However, fascination with water quality can be traced back more than 2 ka. In the post-war years, hydrogeochemistry was influenced heavily by the advances in other disciplines including physical chemistry, metallurgy and oceanography. Hydrological applications of isotope science also developed rapidly at this time, and important advances in analytical chemistry allowed multi-element and trace element applications to be made. Experimental studies on equilibrium processes and reaction kinetics allowed bench-scale insight into water–rock interaction. Consolidation of knowledge on processes in groundwaters and the current awareness of hydrogeochemistry by water professionals owe much to the work of Robert Garrels, John Hem, and co-workers in the early 1960s. Studies of down-gradient evolution enabled a field-scale understanding of groundwater quality and geochemical processes as a function of residence time (dissolution and precipitation processes in carbonate and non-carbonate aquifers; redox processes; cation exchange and salinity origins). 相似文献
16.
The hydrogeological unit of Aguadulce (Campo de Dalías aquifers, SE Spain) has a complex geometry. This fact, together with a continuous rise in water demand due to intensive agriculture and tourism create problems for groundwater quantity and quality. In this paper classic geochemical tools managed by means of GIS software and geochemical simulations are combined to delineate, identify and locate the possible physicochemical processes acting in the Aguadulce groundwater. Two main aquifers can be distinguished: the carbonate or lower aquifer of Triassic age, and the calcodetritic or upper aquifer of Plio-Quaternary age. Groundwaters from the latter are more saline and, assuming all chlorinity originates from seawater intrusion, the seawater contribution to their composition would be up to 7%. Nevertheless the carbonate aquifer appears not to be homogeneous: it is compartmentalised into 4 zones where different processes explain the different groundwaters compositions. Zone 4 samples (E margin of the carbonate aquifer) resemble those of the Plio-Quaternary aquifer, where calcite precipitation, dolomite and gypsum dissolution and some cation exchange (water–rock interaction) together with seawater–freshwater mixing occur. In contrast, water–rock interaction predominates in zones 1 and 3 of the carbonate aquifer. Moreover, zone 2 samples, located between zones 1 and 3, are explained by water–rock interaction in addition to mixing with Plio-Quaternary aquifer waters. The combination of geochemical simulations with GIS and hydrogeochemical analyses has proven to be effective in identifying and locating the different physicochemical processes in the aquifer areas, thus improving understanding of hydrogeochemistry in complex aquifers. 相似文献
17.
Abdelkader Rouabhia Fethi Baali Chemseddine Fehdi Boumezbeur Abderrahmane Boubaya Djamel 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(5-6):973-982
In this work, we present results of the hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies on groundwater samples from the El Ma El Abiod Sandstone aquifer, in Tébessa, Algeria. Chemical and environmental isotope data are presented and discussed in order to identify the geochemical processes and their relation with groundwater quality as well as to get an insight into the hydrochemical evaluation, in space and time, of groundwater and of the origin of dissolved species. A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation have been carried out using chemical and isotopic data to deduce a hydrochemical evaluation of the aquifer system based on the ionic constituents, water types, hydrochemical facies, and factors controlling groundwater quality. All of the investigated groundwaters are categorized into two chemical types: low mineralized water type and relatively high mineralized water type. Interpretation of chemical data, based on thermodynamic calculations and geochemical reaction models of selected water groups constructed using PHREEQC, suggest that the chemical evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by water–rock interactions, involving (1) acidic weathering of aluminosilicates, (2) dissolution of secondary carbonate minerals, and (3) cation exchange of Na+ for Ca2+. However, the original composition of groundwater may have been modified by further secondary processes such as mixing of chemically different water masses. The combined use of SI and mass-balance modeling has shown to be a useful approach in interpreting groundwater hydrochemistry in an area where large uncertainties exist in the understanding of the groundwater flow system. Interpretation of 18O and 2H, suggest that the recharge of the investigated groundwaters may result from different mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》1999,14(1):67-84
In this study, the chemical evolution of high Cl− Chardon mine groundwaters is modelled as a mixing between an oxidising recharge and an old marine component on which the water–rock interaction is superimposed. Chemical and isotopic similarities with saline Carnmenellis mine groundwaters are emphasised and a general comparison with other brines is discussed.The cation content of deep granitic groundwaters is indicative of the water–rock interaction. In the case of Chardon and Carnmenellis groundwaters, the high Na/Cl ratio can still be related to the contribution of a brine of sedimentary origin to the water salinity. The differences in the hydrochemistry related to their geological context only appears at the trace metals level. On the contrary, brines in plutonic rocks which exhibit a low Na/Cl ratio represent groundwaters having a residence time in the host rock, long enough to equilibrate with secondary aluminosilicates. In that case, the brine origin is difficult to assess if only based on the water cation content. 相似文献
19.
Hydrochemical characterization of complex volcanic aquifers in a continental rifted zone: the Middle Awash basin, Ethiopia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wakgari Furi Moumtaz Razack Tamiru Alemayehu Abiye Seifu Kebede Dagnachew Legesse 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(2):385-400
The Middle Awash basin is an arid region in Ethiopia where surface waters are scarce and local communities are dependent on groundwater resources for water supply. The complex hydrogeological system of this basin has been conceptualized. Multivariate statistical analysis of hydrochemical variables and water isotopes were used to study the rock?Cwater interaction, geochemical reaction processes and the hydrological link between aquifers. Groundwaters from aquifers of the high-rainfall plateau bounding the rift are slightly mineralized, as well as depleted in ??18O and ??D, and contain 3H above 0.8?TU. This suggests a low degree of rock?Cwater interaction and that groundwater is under recharge from heavy rain that falls on surrounding highlands. On the other hand, groundwaters from aquifers of the rift floor are highly mineralized and show slight enrichment in ??18O and ??D with positive oxygen shift, but contain 3H below 0.8?TU. The positive oxygen shift in rift floor groundwaters may be caused by the isotopic exchange of oxygen between groundwater and aquifer materials during rock?Cwater interaction, whereas the low 3H content could be due to the decay of tritium along relatively long flow paths. The approach utilized in this study may be applicable to understanding hydrogeochemical processes in other complex volcanic terrains. 相似文献
20.
Younes Hamed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):697-710
Gafsa region is one of the most productive artesian basins in Southern Tunisia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation. Proper understanding of the geochemical evolution of groundwater is important for sustainable development of water resources in this region. A hydrogeochemical survey was conducted on the Plio-Quaternary shallow and on the Complex Terminal aquifers system using major (Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, Cl, NO3 and HCO3) and minor (Sr) elements, in order to evaluate the groundwater chemistry patterns and the main mineralization processes occurring in this system. Hydrochemical and isotopic data were used in conjunction with hydrogeological characteristics to investigate the groundwater composition in these aquifers. It has been demonstrated that groundwaters acquire their mineralization principally by water–rock interaction, i.e. dissolution of evaporites (halite/gypsum, pyrite, etc.) and return flow of irrigation waters, and by anthropogenic activities due to the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers–pesticides in agriculture. The isotopic study of “stable isotopes, radiocarbon and tritium” (Yermani 2002) shows that a paleoclimatic recharge is corroborated by the relatively low carbon-14 activities (5–25.3%) of the referred groundwater group samples, which were interpreted as recharge occurring during the late Pleistocene and the early Holocene periods. The water feedings of these aquifers are mainly provided by infiltration of precipitations, infiltration of irrigation water, lateral feeding from Cretaceous relieves from the South and the North and along recent and fossil drainage networks that constitute major freshwater sources in groundwater tables (Hamed et al., J Environ Protect 1:466–474, 2010a). 相似文献