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稀土铌钽酸盐矿物主要有易解石(TR,Ca、Th)(Ti,Nb)_2O_6,烧绿石(Na,Ca)_2(Nb,Ti)_2O_6[F,OH],褐铈铌矿(∑Ce,∑Y)(Nb,Ti)O_4等。要进行矿物全分析必须选用很纯的样品,而挑选大量单矿物是很费事的工作。 本文采用原子吸收微量进样法、柱层析分离比色测定法、纸色层分离法、X射线荧光光谱法及离子选择性电极法等,仅用6毫克样品就进行了稀土铌钽酸盐矿物的全分析,测定了稀土总量,铀、钍、钙、镁、锰、钾、钠、铁、铝、钛、铌、钽、氟及15个稀土元素分量,共28个元素。 相似文献
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铌和钽在特殊合金鋼、噴气工业、无綫电技术以及其他工業部門有广泛而重要的用途,因此寻找铌和钽的矿物原料资源应該是我們目前的迫切任务之一。铌和钽的重要矿石是钶铁矿-钽铁矿族矿物及黃綠石-細晶石族矿物,至于其他多数的铌钽酸鹽矿物或钛铌钽酸鹽矿物,如褐钇钶矿、钶钇矿及黑稀金矿等,一般只是作为钇族稀土类元素的资源来进行小規模开采。因为象褐钇钶矿这些矿物,一般比较分散,很少形成規模巨大的矿床;同时由于这些矿物的化学組成相当复杂,在分离及冶煉方面存在有一定的困难。尤其象黑稀金矿或复稀金矿等含钛高的矿物,铌、钽和钛的分离、提取,是一个尚待研究的問題。 相似文献
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内蒙某稀土-铌-铁矿床含稀土较高,以独立矿物形式存在的有独居石、各种稀土氟碳酸盐、稀土铌钛酸盐(包括易解石、黄绿石、褐铈铌矿和褐钇铌矿),稀土碳酸盐(已发现的有碳铈钠矿)和极少量的硅酸盐(如褐帘石)。此外还有相当量的稀土以类质同象存在于一些非稀土矿物中。本矿床有些稀土矿物的颗粒很细,含量又高,很难单体分离,此外,含稀土分散量的矿物又常连生和包裹这些微细的稀土矿物。用一般物理方法和岩矿手段无法使它们分开,更不能进行定量分析。因此,本文用化学方法分离和测定各类稀土矿物和 相似文献
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四川省牦牛坪稀土矿区钙稀土氟碳酸盐矿物有氟碳铈矿、氟碳铈矿以及笔者发现并命名的牦牛矿。本文旨在简述氟碳铈和氟碳钙铈矿的矿物学特征。牦牛坪钙稀土氟酸盐类矿物具有强选择轻稀土的特点。 相似文献
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电子探针定量分析用标准样品 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
报导了协作研制成功的56种电子探针标准样品,其中36种天然矿物,包括5种二元硫化物、一个车轮矿,3种铌钽铁矿,多种硅酸盐矿物和铬铁矿、含钛磁铁矿等,21种人工合成物料,包括15种稀土磷酸盐。文章讨论了标准样品研制中关于均匀度检测和化学分析定值等方面的问题。 相似文献
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Statistical data on major, trace and rare-earth elements in wolframite from the quartz vein-and greisen-type tin deposits
in the Dupangling orefield reveal: (1) The components in wolframite can be divided into two relatively independent groups:
the WO3-Nb-Ta-Sc-REE group, in which WO3 is negatively correlated with the others and the FeO-MnO-Sn group, in which MnO is negatively correlated with the other two;
(2) In general, REE fractionation is not significant, reflected mainly by the separation of Eu from other REE’s. LREE and
HREE increase or decrease simultaneously, with HREE being more variable; (3) Nb, Ta, Sc, REE substitute for W, and Sn may
enter into wolframite lattice accompanied by Fe-Mn substitution; (4) In contrast to wolframite in quartz veins, which is poor
in REE, Nb, Ta and Sc and has highδ Eu values and LREE / HREE and Nb/Ta ratios, wolframite in greisen is rich in REE, Nb, Ta, Sc and has lowδ Eu values and LREE/HREE and Nb/Ta ratios; and (5) The contents and ratios of trace elements and REE partitioning parameters
of wolframite can be used as guide for prospecting. 相似文献
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As well as world class Fe and REE resources the Bayan Obo mineral deposits also hosts significant niobium resources(estimated as 2.2 Mt Nb with an average grade of 0.13 wt% Nb).Niobium in this study is primarily hosted in aeschynite-(Ce) and(Nd),but with subsidiary amounts of pyrochlore,fergusonite-(Ce),fersmite and columbite.Here we report on the paragenetic and textural setting of aeschynite,pyrochlore and fergusonite in the main ore bodies and in a carbonatite dyke.Niobium in a carbonatite sample is hosted in a phase tentatively(due to significant Ca,Mn and Ti contents) identified as fergusonite-(Ce).Aeschynite occurs overgrowing foliation in banded ores,in fractures and vugs in aegirine-rich rocks and in calcite veins.The composition in all settings is similar,but some examples in banded ores develop significant zonation in Y,Th and the REE,inferred to relate to buffering of halogen acid species to low levels by dissolution and fluoritisation of calcite,and the preferential precipitation of LREE from solution due to lower mineral solubility products compared to the HREE.Although lower in total concentration the ratios of REE in pyrochlore are similar to those of aeschynite and suggest the same metal source.The crystallisation of pyrochlore probably relates to growth in paragenetic settings where carbonates had already been eliminated and hence the buffering of F-species activities in the hydrothermal fluid was reduced.Both aeschynite and pyrochlore show evidence of alteration.Primary alteration of aeschynite resulted in leaching of A-site cations(Ca,REE,Th) and Nb,addition of Fe,and ultimately replacement by Ba-Ti phases(baotite and bafertisite).Secondary,metamictisation enhanced,possibly supergene alteration of pyrochlore resulted in hydration,leaching of A-site cations leading to the development of lattice vacancies and increases in Si.The presence of hydrothermal Nb resources at Bayan Obo suggests there may be potential for further Nb discoveries in the area,whilst the trends in element mobility during alteration have significant implications for the utility of A-B oxides as components of materials for immobilisation of radionuclides. 相似文献
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AG MP-1阴离子交换树脂元素分离方法再研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前不同实验室建立的用于MC-ICP-MS铜铁锌同位素测定的离子交换分离方法多适用于一般地质样品的Fe同位素高精度测定,而对于一些类似于白云鄂博Fe-Nb-REE矿床的特殊地质样品,这些分离方法的适用情况有待进一步研究。为研究REE、Nb、Ta、Co、Cu、W等元素是否能够和Fe有效分离,采用AG MP-1阴离子交换树脂,依次以6 mol/L HCl和2 mol/L HCl为介质对这些元素进行淋洗,并利用ICP-AES和ICP MS对淋洗液中的各元素含量进行测定。实验结果表明,在6 mol/L HCl介质条件下,运用AG MP-1树脂可以将REE、W与Fe有效地分离,能够将Nb、Ta的含量降低一个数量级;Fe、Co、Cu的淋洗行为和前人研究结果一致。 相似文献
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我国稀土铌钽矿物学研究回顾与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作为高新技术原料用的稀土铌钽是国家发展的支柱之一, 稀土铌钽矿物学研究在与国家的技术进步同步前进。 通过研究,已经获得了我国产出的全部百余种稀土铌钽矿物的化学组成、物理性质、稀土配 分、结晶参数、共生组合和产状成因的全面系统的鉴定描述成果;发现了多种稀土铌钽新物,并提出许多新规律和新理论,建立了易解石和褐钇铌矿两个新的矿物族;确定了稀土铌钽铁锰钨的复杂氧化物的晶体结构关系;确立变生矿物学为矿物学研究的一个特殊分支,探讨了稀土次生富集的离子型稀土矿成矿机理。 相似文献
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Xuli Pu Chaozhang Huang Bin Hu Zucheng Jiang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2006,30(2):97-105
Nanometre-sized alumina was chemically modified with gallic acid (GA) and used as a solid phase adsorption material for the determination of trace amounts of V, Nb and Ta in natural water, soil and stream sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The effects of pH, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution and interfering ions on the recovery of the analytes were investigated. The results showed that V, Nb and Ta could be adsorbed at pH 4.0 and recovered with 1 ml of 2.0 mol l-1 HCl. Under optimised conditions, the adsorption capacity of GA-modified nanometre-sized Al2 O3 was found to be 7.0, 8.9, 13.3 mg g-1 for V, Nb and Ta, respectively. The limits of detection were as low as 0.25, 0.24 and 0.66 ng l-1 for V, Nb and Ta, respectively with a concentration factor of fifty. The recovery of V, Nb and Ta for spiked water samples was between 85.7 and 116%. The developed method has also been applied to the determination of trace V, Nb and Ta in soil and stream sediment certified materials, and the determined values were in a good agreement with the certified values. 相似文献
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Barry L. Weaver 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,105(5):502-515
The volcanic rocks of the South Atlantic Ocean islands of Fernando de Noronha and Trindade comprise a diverse magmatic series ranging from nephelinites and basanites to phonolites and, on Fernando de Noronha, trachytes. All rock types are highly silica undersaturated with the exception of Fernando de Noronha trachytes_, and have high abundances of incompatible trace elements and strongly LREE (light rare earth element)-enriched REE patterns. Crystal fractionation of parental basanitic magmas produced evolved phonolites and trachytes which display severe trace-element fractionation, even among trace elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) which normally behave highly incompatibly during crystallisation of alkaline magmas. Moderately to highly evolved compositions develop strongly MREE (middle REE)-depleted REE patterns, and become increasingly depleted in elements such as Nb and, in particular, Ta. Ratios of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf are highly fractionated in phonolites (60–65, 64–77 respectively in Fernando de Noronha phonolites) compared to ratios in basanites (14, 45 respectively). The compatibility of Nb, Ta, and the REE, and the strong fractionation of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios and the MREE, during crystallisation from basanite to phonolite are attributable to the crystallisation of small amounts (<5%) of sphene. Trace-element behaviour is relatively insensitive to the major phenocryst phases, and is controlled by minor phases in highly undersaturated alkaline suites. Incompatible trace-element ratios (e.g. La/Nb, Th/Ta) in nephelinites and basanites from Fernando de Noronha and Trindade are generally comparable with those in basaltic and hawaiitic OIB (ocean island basalt) lavas from other South Atlantic islands, but are distinct from those of Gough and Tristan da Cunha OIB. The mantle source for the highly undersaturated volcanism on Fernando de Noronha and Trindade is similar in trace-element characteristics to the typical OIB source which produces alkaline lavas with significant relative enrichment in Nb and Ta compared to other trace elements (as expressed by low La/Nb, Ba/Nb and Th/Ta ratios). The highly undersaturated nature of the magmas and the slight fractionation of some incompatible-element ratios (elevated Ba/Nb, Ba/Rb, Ba/Th etc.) is consistent with a smaller degree of melting of a typical OIB source, but with residual phlogopite in the source to account for significant K depletion and LIL-element fractionation. 相似文献
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西藏冈底斯带叶巴组火山岩地球化学及成因 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
叶巴组早侏罗世双峰式火山岩分布在拉萨、达孜至墨竹工卡之间, 岩性为浅变质玄武岩、玄武质熔结凝灰岩、英安岩、酸性凝灰岩及火山角砾岩等.火山岩SiO2含量集中在41%~50.4%和64%~69%两个区间, 为钙碱性系列的玄武岩和英安岩2类.玄武岩的显著特征是TiO2含量极低, 仅为0.66%~1.01%, 远低于大陆拉斑玄武岩.玄武岩的稀土总量∑REE=60.3~135μg/g, 英安岩的稀土总量∑REE=126.4~167.9μg/g.玄武岩和英安岩具有相似的稀土和微量元素特征, 两者均为轻稀土富集型, 分布特征相似, 轻、重稀土的分馏较明显, Eu异常均不显著; 均表现为LILE、LREE富集, HFS、HREE亏损的特点.玄武岩亏损Ti、Ta、Nb、Zr, Nb和Ta仅略负亏损, Nb*=0.54~1.17, 平均为0.84;英安岩亏损HFS中P、Ti, Ta、Nb略负异常, Nb*=0.74~1.06, 平均为0.86.玄武岩类的εNd(t) =0.96~10.03、(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7043~0.7064, 英安岩的εNd(t) =-1.42~1.08、(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7038~0.7049.从微量元素和同位素成分看, 玄武岩和英安岩浆起源于俯冲带之上的地幔楔不同程度的部分熔融, 源岩可能是亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩.源区曾受到具地壳成分特征的流体不均匀交代.后期变质作用对岩石大离子亲石元素含量有影响.叶巴组双峰式火山岩形成于成熟岛弧后期的短暂拉张环境, 是印支期冈底斯岩浆弧演化的结果. 相似文献
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Zhaochu Hu Shan Gao Yongsheng Liu Juan Xu Shenghong Hu Haihong Chen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2008,32(3):347-360
Niobium and Ta concentrations in MPI‐DING and USGS (BCR‐2G, BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G) silicate rock glasses and the NIST SRM 610–614 synthetic soda‐lime glasses were determined by 193 nm ArF excimer laser ablation and quadrupole ICP‐MS. Measured Nb and Ta values of MPI‐DING glasses were found to be consistently lower than the recommended values by about 15% and 25%, respectively, if calibration was undertaken using commonly accepted values of NIST SRM 610 given by Pearce et al. Analytical precision, as given by the 1 s relative standard deviation (% RSD) was less than 10% for Nb and Ta at concentrations higher than 0.1 μg g?1. A significant negative correlation was found between logarithmic concentration and logarithmic RSD, with correlation coefficients of ‐0.94 for Nb and ‐0.96 for Ta. This trend indicates that the analytical precision follows counting statistics and thus most of the measurement uncertainty was analytical in origin and not due to chemical heterogeneities. Large differences between measured and expected Nb and Ta in glasses GOR128‐G and GOR132‐G are likely to have been caused by the high RSDs associated with their very low concentrations. However, this cannot explain the large differences between measured and expected Nb and Ta in other MPI‐DING glasses, since the differences are normally higher than RSD by a factor of 3. Count rates for Nb and Ta, normalised to Ca sensitivity, for the MPI‐DING, USGS and NIST SRM 612–614 glasses were used to construct calibration curves for determining NIST SRM 610 concentrations at crater diameters ranging from 16 (im to 60 μm. The excellent correlation between the Nb/Ca1μgg‐1 signal (Nb represents the Nb signal intensity; Ca1μg g‐1 represents the Ca sensitivity) and Nb concentration, and between the Ta/Ca1μg g‐1 signal (where Ta represents the Ta signal intensity; Ca1μg g‐1 represents the Ca sensitivity) and Ta concentration (R2= 0.9992–1.00) in the various glass matrices suggests that matrix‐dependent fractionation for Nb, Ta and Ca was insignificant under the given instrumental conditions. The results confirm that calibration reference values of Nb and Ta in NIST SRM 610 given by Pearce et al. are about 16% and 28% lower, respectively. We thus propose a revision of the preferred value for Nb from 419.4 ± 57.6 μg g?1 to 485 ± 5 μg g?1 (1 s) and for Ta from 376.6 ± 77.6 μg g?1 to 482 ± 4 μg g?1 (Is) in NIST SRM 610. Using these revised values for external calibration, most of the determined average values of MPI‐DING, USGS and NIST SRM 612–614 reference glasses agree within 3% with the calculated means of reported reference values. Bulk analysis of NIST SRM 610 by standard additions using membrane desolvation ICP‐MS gave Nb = 479 ± 6 μg g?1 (1 s) and Ta = 468 ± 7 μg g?1 (1 s), which agree with the above revised values within 3%. 相似文献
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Fluids in deeply subducted continental crust: Petrology, mineral chemistry and fluid inclusion of UHP metamorphic veins from the Sulu orogen, eastern China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Ze-Ming Zhang Kun Shen Yong-Sheng Liu Cao Shi 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(13):3200-3228
The complex vein associations hosted in southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites contain quartz ± omphacite (or jadeite) ± kyanite ± allanite ± zoisite ± rutile ± garnet. These minerals have chemical compositions similar to those of host eclogites. Inclusions of polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs after coesite were identified in vein allanite and garnet, and coesite inclusions were found in vein zircon. These facts suggest that the veins together with host eclogites have been subjected to synchronous UHP metamorphism. The vein minerals contain relatively high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE), high-field-strength elements (HFSE) and transition metal elements (TME). A kyanite-quartz vein has a whole-rock composition similar to adjacent UHP metamorphic granitic gneisses. Abundant primary multi-solid fluid inclusions trapped within UHP vein minerals contain complex daughter minerals of muscovite, calcite, anhydrite, magnetite, pyrite, apatite, celestite and liquid and gas phase of H2O with solids up to 30-70% of the inclusion volume. The presence of daughter minerals anhydrite and magnetite indicates the subduction fluids were oxidizing, and provides a possible interpretation for the high oxygen fugacity of subduction zone magmas. These characteristics imply that the UHP vein minerals were crystallized from supercritical silicate-rich aqueous fluids that were in equilibrium with peak-UHP minerals, and that the fluids in deeply subducted continental crust may contain very high concentrations of silicate as well as HREE, HFSE and TME. Such fluids might have resulted in major fractionation between Nb and Ta, i.e. the UHP fluids have subchondritic Nb/Ta values, whereas the host eclogites after extraction of the fluids have suprachondritic Nb/Ta values. Therefore, voluminous residual eclogites with high Nb/Ta ratios may be the complementary suprachondritic reservoir capable of balancing the subchondritic depleted mantle and continental crust reservoirs. 相似文献
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Determination of REE, Y, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ta, Th and U in Geological Reference Materials LSHC-1 and Amf-1 by Solution and Laser Ablation ICP-MS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Elena V. Smirnova Belinda Flem Elena A. Anchutina Irina N. Mysovskaya Valeriy I. Lozhkin Lev L. Petrov † 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(1):49-65
This paper presents data on REE and Y, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ta, Th and U abundances for two candidate reference materials (RMs), spinel lherzolite LSHC-1 and amphibole Amf-1, being currently developed at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, Irkutsk. To determine the contents of these elements inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was applied with: (i) solution nebulisation (solution ICP-MS) and (ii) laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) of fused glass disks. The precision of results obtained by both techniques was better than 6% RSD for most elements. Accuracy was assessed by using the geochemical RMs JB-2, JGb-1 (GSJ) and MAG-1 (USGS). The trace element results by solution ICP-MS for JGb-1 and JB-2 agree with reference values presented by Imai et al. (1995, this Journal) within 1–10%. Significant differences were found for Nb and Ta determinations. The accuracy of LA-ICP-MS results evaluated by RM MAG-1 was within 4%, except for Eu (about 10%). The analytical results obtained for LSHC-1 and Amf-1 by solution ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS were in good agreement with each other and with INAA and XRF data presented for the certification of these RMs. They can be considered as the indicative values for assigning certified values to the above-mentioned RMs. 相似文献