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1.
Underestimation of roughness in rough rock joints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Numerous studies have been made to improve Barton's shear strength model for the quantification of rock joints. However, in these previous studies, the roughness and shear strength of the rock joint have been underestimated especially for relatively high undulated profiles (joint roughness coefficient (JRC) >14). The main factors of roughness underestimation in rough rock joints are investigated for the proper quantification of rock joint roughness. The aliasing effect and the roughness characteristics are analyzed by using artificial joint profiles and natural rock joint profiles. A 3D camera scanner is adopted to verify the main source of underestimation when using conventional measurement methods. Shear strength tests are carried out by using two types of shear apparatus to study the roughness mobilization characteristics, which may also affect the roughness underestimation. The results of joint roughness assessment, such as aliasing and undulation of waviness, show that the roughness can be underestimated in relatively rough joint profiles (JRC>14). At least two components of roughness parameters are needed to properly represent the joint roughness, for example, the amplitude and the inclination angle of joint asperity. Roughness mobilization is affected by both the normal stress and the asperity scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
粗糙度系数是结构面抗剪强度的主要影响因素,然而由于结构面表面形态的复杂性,粗糙度系数尺寸效应研究并未获得较大进展。总结了结构面粗糙度系数的3种获取手段：标准剖面对比法、理论公式法、试验反分析法。在此基础上分析了3种方法在研究粗糙度系数尺寸效应方面存在的问题和困难。为了研究结构面粗糙度系数与试样尺寸的相关度,对中砂、硅粉、水泥、非引气型萘系减水剂等原材料的配比进行了研究,获得了与天然钙质板岩物理力学特性相类似的岩石模型材料,然后采用研发的结构面制作模具及其制备工艺制作了8组共176对具有不同尺寸和表面起伏粗糙程度的结构面,并利用改进的高精度岩石结构面推拉仪对结构面粗糙度系数进行了推拉试验研究和数据统计分析,结果表明：模型结构面粗糙度系数的统计均值随试样尺寸的增加而降低,但特定结构面粗糙度系数的尺寸效应规律需要根据结构面的具体表面形貌进行测试;Barton理论公式计算的结构面粗糙度系数尺寸效应变化规律与推拉试验测试规律总体上一致,但试验值与理论值有差异,且结构面试样尺寸越小,二者的差异就越大;具有特定表面形貌的模型结构面粗糙度系数也有差异,工程大尺寸岩体结构面粗糙度系数需要根据表面形貌和分布特征进行综合判定。 相似文献
3.
一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究并提出一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法。首先,基于激光扫描数据将节理表面离散成三角网,并建立与剪切方向相关的三维均方根抵抗角的计算方法。其次,运用分形数学理论,提出一种新的基于三维均方根抵抗角的节理面粗糙度分形描述方法。最后,采用新方法对天然玄武岩节理和花岗岩张拉型节理的粗糙特性进行分析。研究结果表明,提出的新方法能够较全面地反映节理面的三维几何形貌信息,并能描述节理粗糙度的各向异性特性。研究成果为进一步建立岩石节理面的三维剪切强度公式和剪切本构理论奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
岩体节理表面几何特性描述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩体节理表面几何特征对岩体变形、刚度、剪切强度和水渗导性有重要影响,一般用节理粗糙度系数（ＪＲＣ）、节理吻合系数（ＪＭＣ）来描述。本文用节理表面分维（ＪＳＦ）来描述节理表面形态的复杂性,为节理表面几何特征描述提供了一个新的方法。 相似文献
5.
This laboratory study seeks to investigate the effect of surface irregularities on the motion characteristics of a falling rock. The irregularly-shaped surfaces of greywacke with a range of joint roughness coefficient (JRC) from 2 to 18 were used in an experimental setup where a falling rock was dropped from a height of 110 cm. A high-speed camera was utilised to capture the trajectory of the falling rock upon its impact with the rock surface. The data from 287 tests were statistically analysed to determine the dominant type of motion and to establish relationships between JRC and the coefficient of restitution (CoR). The effect of surface roughness was seen in different modes of motion of the falling rock with more irregular surfaces often produced ‘sliding’ or ‘rolling’ instead of ‘bouncing’. The obtained data indicated that the rock surface roughness did not seem to have a significant effect on CoR; however, it affected the rebound angle of the falling rock. 相似文献
6.
The effects of fracture roughness on P-wave velocity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Artificial fractures were created on three different rock samples by sawing. The fracture surfaces were in turn grooved in different directions by sawing to simulate the fracture roughness. Four different roughness types were created and a fracture roughness coefficient (FRC) was defined for each type. Model experiments were carried out on the rock samples having different fracture roughness to investigate how the sound velocity varies with fracture roughness.
The test results were statistically analysed using the method of least squares regression and polynomial relationships with high correlation coefficient were found between the FRC values and the P-wave velocities. The P-wave velocity decreases with increasing the FRC values. 相似文献
7.
采用法向矢量单位圆描述结构面剖面线粗糙度,从各微分段的角度关系阐述粗糙度,进而将二维问题转化为一维问题处理并提出"角度粗糙度"的概念.考虑到各微分段的实际长度对粗糙度的贡献,采用加权均值与加权方差定量描述角度粗糙度;角度粗糙度越大表明该剖面越粗糙.对规则剖面线与不规则剖面线采用"角度粗糙度"进行描述,所得结果跟已有的剖... 相似文献
8.
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake P. Balasingam Jinyong Park R. Morgan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1181-1202
Accurate quantification of roughness is important in modeling hydro-mechanical behavior of rock joints. A highly refined variogram
technique was used to investigate possible existence of anisotropy in natural rock joint roughness. Investigated natural rock
joints showed randomly varying roughness anisotropy with the direction. A scale dependant fractal parameter, K
v, seems to play a prominent role than the fractal dimension, D
r1d, with respect to quantification of roughness of natural rock joints. Because the roughness varies randomly, it is impossible
to predict the roughness variation of rock joint surfaces from measurements made in only two perpendicular directions on a
particular sample. The parameter D
r1d × K
v seems to capture the overall roughness characteristics of natural rock joints well. The one-dimensional modified divider
technique was extended to two dimensions to quantify the two-dimensional roughness of rock joints. The developed technique
was validated by applying to a generated fractional Brownian surface with fractal dimension equal to 2.5. It was found that
the calculated fractal parameters quantify the rock joint roughness well. A new technique is introduced to study the effect
of scale on two-dimensional roughness variability and anisotropy. The roughness anisotropy and variability reduced with increasing
scale. 相似文献
9.
岩体结构直接控制着岩体力学、水力学特性,岩块体积分布规律可直接反映岩体结构特征。目前研究多将节理面简化为平面,忽略了粗糙度对岩块体积的影响。利用Hurst指数H和高度均方根Rq表征节理粗糙度,研究了节理粗糙度对岩块数量和体积分布规律的影响。结果表明：(1)H、Rq控制节理的粗糙起伏形态,粗糙度随着Rq的增大而增大、随着H的增大而减小;(2)块体的数量总体上与节理粗糙度正相关,即随着粗糙度的增大而增加;(3)Rq和H对岩块体积分布的影响,主要通过改变小体积块体所占比例实现,块体的平均体积和中位体积随着粗糙度的增大而减小;(4)当节理正交且间距相近时,块体数量随粗糙度的变化可以分为3个阶段,即稳定阶段、初始增长阶段和快速增长阶段,Rq和H共同控制着各区间的相对分布范围。最后,基于摄影测量采集的数据建立了岩体节理模型,对大连某公路边坡的岩块体积分布进行了研究,验证了上述结论的准确性。 相似文献
10.
A New Method for In-situ Non-contact Roughness Measurement of Large Rock Fracture Surfaces 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Summary
This paper presents a new method for in-situ non-contact measurements of fracture roughness by using a total station (TS).
The TS is a non-reflector geodetic instrument usually used for measuring control points in surveying and mapping. By using
a special-developed program, the TS can be used as a point-sensor laser scanner to scan a defined area of the fracture surface
automatically, in field or in laboratory, at a distance away from the target surface. A large fracture surface can be automatically
scanned with a constant interval of the sampling points, both within a defined area or along a cross-section of the exposed
rock face. To quantify fracture roughness at different scales and obtain different densities of the scanned points, the point
interval can be selected with the minimum interval of 1 mm. A local Cartesian co-ordinate system needs to be established first
by the TS in front of the target rock face to define the true North or link the measurements to a known spatial co-ordinate
system for both quantitative and spatial analysis of fracture roughness. To validate the method, fracture roughness data recorded
with a non-reflector TS was compared with the data captured by a high-accuracy 3D-laser scanner. Results of this study revealed
that both primary roughness and waviness of fracture surfaces can be quantified by the TS in the same accuracy level as that
of the high accuracy laser scanner. Roughness of a natural fracture surface can be sampled without physical contact in a maximum
distance of tens of meters from the rock faces.
Received May 24, 2001; accepted July 24, 2002; Published online November 19, 2002 相似文献
11.
粗糙度是影响节理岩体强度与变形特性的重要因素之一。首先使用3D 打印机制作模具,并浇筑形成不同粗糙度（节理粗糙度系数JRC=2、7、12、17、22）的节理岩石试样。采用GCTS高温高压动静岩石三轴试验系统,对含有不同粗糙度节理岩石试样进行了三轴压缩试验,获得了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的三轴应力–应变曲线,分析了JRC对岩石三轴强度和变形特性的影响规律,在三轴加载过程中采用声发射测试系统,分析了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的声发射特性。运用数字三维视频显微系统观察节理面形态,讨论了不同围压下节理岩石试样峰值强度与JRC之间的关系。研究结果表明,节理面的存在直接导致节理岩石试样强度的大幅度降低,JRC对岩石破坏裂纹的形态、数量和空间分布特征亦有很大的影响,随着JRC值的增大,岩石节理面的抗剪强度增大,岩石试样的三轴抗压强度也会增大,岩石试样由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏。 相似文献
12.
岩体结构面粗糙度系数JRC的定向统计研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文回顾了岩体结构面粗糙度系数ＪＲＣ的研究成果，分析了各种ＪＲＣ研究方法的应用范围。在野外实际结构面形态的详细调查和深入研究的基础上，发展了Ｂａｒｔｏｎ直边法，并提出按岩性定向统计研究结构面粗糙度系数ＪＲＣ的科学思想。 相似文献
13.
估算岩石断裂面粗糙度的一种分形模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了一种更为简单的估算岩石断裂面粗糙度值的分形模型,可用来模拟岩石断裂面剖面线。断裂面愈粗糙,其分维值也愈大,并建立了分维值与ＪＲＣ值之间的经验方程。 相似文献
14.
15.
研制了一种智能JRC测量仪,该仪器可直接测量岩体结构面的粗糙度系数JRC值,适用于野外任意产状的岩体结构面,可以沿任意方向测量岩体结构面粗糙度系数,具有重量轻、体积小、携带方便、操作简单、测量速度快等特点。 相似文献
16.
在干热岩储层中开采地热能,往往需要对储层进行人工水力压裂以形成贯穿的换热通道。然而,热储中的对流换热对干热岩的采热率有重要影响,经过人工刺激的储层会形成几何形态各异的裂隙面,而裂隙粗糙程度的不同则会引起换热性能的显著差异。因此,选取4条Barton的经典岩石裂隙粗糙度曲线,在试验室条件下建立一个单裂隙对流换热模型。详细分析了花岗岩粗糙裂隙中热工质的换热特性。结果表明：局部对流换热系数沿着裂隙长度方向逐渐降低;节理粗糙系数JRC值越大,平均对流换热系数就越大,表明换热性能越好;局部对流换热系数的分布与JRC曲线的几何轮廓形态有很好的相关性,波峰波谷的变化趋势相一致;相对于温度而言,高流速对局部对流换热系数具有放大效应,流速越大,局部对流换热系数波动越大。 相似文献
17.
JRC分形估测方法的实用性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于分形几何的码尺法分维数与岩石节理粗糙度系数的物理意义剖析，认为Ｄ－ＪＲＣ之间不存在必然的相关性．分析标准轮廓曲线的分维数，发现其分维数差级微小，难以实行粗糙度系数分级．根据实测资料阐述了岩石节理表面轮廓曲线的“自相似”是统计意义而不是绝对的，它要求ＪＲＣ分形估测应统计求取，而过繁的分维数测量步骤削弱了ＪＲＣ的分形统计估测的可行性．建立在实测资料统计分析基础上的ＪＲＣ尺寸效应分形模型ＪＲＣｎ＝ＪＲＣ０（Ｌｎ／Ｌ０）－Ｄ客观而真实地刻画了粗糙度系数随取样长度增大而降低的规律，其中，ＪＲＣ尺寸效应分维数（Ｄ）具明确的物理意义，它描述了ＪＲＣ随结构面规模增大而降低的衰减速率．最后，运用ＪＲＣ尺寸效应分维数（Ｄ）探讨了岩石节理粗糙度系数尺寸效应的各向异性规律． 相似文献
18.
The surface morphology of a rock joint is closely related to its mechanical properties. To reasonably characterize a rock surface, two new roughness parameters were proposed in this paper. One is related to the average slope angle of asperities that contribute to the shear strength, and the other reflects the frictional behavior of asperities that is defined as the maximum possible contact area in the shear direction. Taking the standard joint roughness coefficient profiles as example, these two roughness parameters can be applied to describe the directional characteristics of shear strength. Based on their relationships with initial dilation angles, the proposed roughness parameters were incorporated into a peak shear strength criterion. It is shown that the predicted peak shear strength is consistent with experimental data, and there is a power–law relationship. The application range of new roughness parameters was determined, which may facilitate a measurement process. 相似文献
19.
由于结构面粗糙度具有各质异性、各向异性、非均一性和尺寸效应等特征，结构面粗糙度系数（JRC）取值具有不确定性，工程中广泛采用统计方法来分析结构面粗糙度性质，然而以往研究往往忽略样本数不足对统计结果的影响。针对结构面粗糙度统计测量时无法确定合理样本数的问题，分别提出基于变异系数级比分析及简单随机抽样原理的最小样本数确定方法。以实际工程岩体结构面表面数据为研究对象，对比分析两种方法在系列尺寸下确定的统计测量最小样本数。实例分析表明：小尺寸样本的变异系数（CV）值明显大于大尺寸样本，且CV值随取样尺寸的增大而减小，取样尺寸为10～50 cm的CV值基本稳定在0.31～0.47之间，取样尺寸为60～100 cm的CV值基本稳定在0.21～0.31之间；最小样本数与取样尺寸基本满足幂函数关系，且最小样本数随取样尺寸的增大而减少；系列尺寸下级比分析方法在允许误差为±2%时确定的最小样本数与简单随机抽样原理在最大允许误差为10%、置信度为95%时计算的最小样本数是一致的，相似度大于0.997。该研究方法可为工程岩体中定量获取结构面粗糙度统计测量最小样本数提供依据，保证了JRC（结构面粗糙度系数）统计测量结果的准确性，对工程岩体稳定性评价中结构面力学参数的准确获取具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
经历剪切变形历史的岩石节理表面粗糙特性分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
基于两类岩石节理剪切试验，采用非接触式激光测距仪，实测了剪切前后节理表面粗糙数据，统计分析了岩石节理表面粗糙特性的三维粗糙参数的物理含义，并将这些参数与相应的二维参数进行了充分比较。结果表明，三维参数与二维参数间存在的近似线性关系，而多个三维参数相对比单一的二维参数更全面有效地描述了节理表面粗糙特性。 相似文献