共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 554 毫秒
1.
本文以BARTON的标准粗糙度剖面为研究对象,假定剪切方向为从左向右,量取剖面曲线长L以及"爬坡"时的倾角i_i和与倾角相对应高差h_i、面积S,把不同的因素组合在一起,用MATLAB对测得的数据进行拟合,得到用来估算结构面粗糙度系数且不依赖于结构面长度的解析方程。结果表明:剖面长度比和面积比组合得到的拟合方程较差,剖面长度比、面积比和爬坡高组合得到的方程较好;剖面长度比、倾角i_i和高差h_i三个指标的组合拟合方程最好,可很好地反映结构面粗糙度,拟合优度达97. 1%。 相似文献
2.
《物探与化探》2016,(1)
对于多段线剖面的MT二维反演,通常采用各测线段剖面单独反演的方法,或者采用对多段线剖面"截弯取直"式反演的方法,前者分段式反演由于"边界效应"的存在往往造成反演结果拼接不上,后者"截弯取直"式反演结果不能反映测线剖面的真实长度,影响解释工作。提出一种多段线MT二维反演的改进方法,先选定一测线段剖面(通常是最长的一段)方位作为MT二维反演测线的固定方位,计算与之相邻的测线段上各测点到临近拐点的距离Li,然后将需要旋转的测点坐标进行等距离Li旋转,使测点归一到原先固定测线的方位上,逐级类推,最后对新形成的一段线剖面数据进行二维反演。应用这种改进方法,通过对设计模型不同极化模式下的正反演对比分析和实测数据的反演结果验证,认为该方法有效解决了多段线MT二维反演拼接部位边界效应的影响,并且最大程度上反映了测线剖面的真实长度,提高了反演结果的可靠性,有利于后期的综合解释。 相似文献
3.
地表粗糙度参数化研究综述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
粗糙度反映了地表的起伏程度,是许多陆面过程的关键影响因子。然而,人们对地表系统认识的不足,造成现有的各种地表粗糙度参数化方案均存在一定的问题。从地表测量技术、粗糙度相关参数和遥感研究3个方面对地表粗糙度参数化研究现状进行了综述。针式廓线法和激光廓线法是当前主流的地表测量技术,而三雏激光扫描和摄影测量技术已展示出了较大的潜力。基于统计方法和基于分形理论的粗糙度相关参数具有截然不同的物理意义,但地表复杂的多尺度特性使得很难用一类参数进行描述。光学遥感与微波遥感均具有广阔的前景,其中前者需要注意与经典粗糙度参数化方案相结合,后者则需拓展在下一代遥感平台上的技术与方法。还针对不同尺度粗糙度参数的比较与转换,地表粗糙度的空间异质性与各向异性,以及三维表面粗糙度参数化等当前地表粗糙度参数化研究中的一些关键问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2017,(2):565-573
岩体节理粗糙度系数JRC与其统计参数之间具有复杂的非线性关系,单一统计参数因存在对结构面形貌描述的片面性,从而导致JRC计算结果的可靠性较低。从结构面起伏角、起伏高度及其分布特征的角度选取了平均起伏角avei、平均相对起伏度H/L、起伏角标准偏差iSD和起伏高度标准偏差hSD 4个参数共同反映结构面形貌。以已知JRC试验反算值的102条结构面剖面线作为样本数据对支持向量机进行训练,构建JRC与所选取的统计参数之间的非线性映射关系,建立了JRC支持向量回归(SVR)预测模型,并通过Barton标准剖面线的JRC预测值与试验反算值的对比证明了模型的可靠性。以三峡库区秭归县马家沟滑坡所处地层岩体结构面为例,基于三维激光扫描试验获取了其表面形貌数据并建立了三维形貌模型,开展室内直剪试验反算得到了其JRC。实例JRC的计算结果表明,SVR模型预测结果与试验反算值的相对误差仅为4.5%,不同统计参数回归关系式对于相同剖面线的估算结果存在较大差异,表明基于所选取的统计参数,采用SVR模型预测得到的JRC更加可靠。该方法为JRC的定量确定提供了新思路。 相似文献
5.
6.
岩石节理的非线性Maksimovic峰值抗剪强度准则,采用双曲线函数描述不同法向应力作用下剪胀角的变化,参数物理含义明确、适用的法向应力范围广且形式简洁。采用的参量"粗糙度角??"反映节理的粗糙程度,但由至少3组直剪试验数据回归分析确定,因此,不能采用该准则估算节理的峰值抗剪强度。通过等价关系,由已有的峰值抗剪强度准则得到用三维形貌参数表示的"粗糙度角??",提出含三维形貌参数的Maksimovic峰值抗剪强度准则。采用不同形貌节理的直剪试验数据对准则进行了验证,结果表明,计算值与试验值吻合较好,验证了公式的正确性;同时,亦与经典的Barton准则进行了对比。可用该准则预估节理的峰值抗剪强度。 相似文献
7.
节理粗糙度曲线的分维特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于野外实测节理粗糙度曲线，建立了分维数Ｄｆ与节理粗糙度系数间的关系式。此外，文章对Ｂａｒｔｏｎ标准粗糙度谱线用分维值进行了分类，并探讨了粗糙度的本质含义。 相似文献
8.
月球遥感是在登月技术还不完善的情况下,利用遥感数据,通过各种分析来研究月球演化、内部结果和表面特征的方法。粗糙度是地表隆升、沉降、侵蚀和火山喷射物覆盖在行星表面留下的记录,因此对行星表面粗糙度的定量分析可以精确反映其地质演化过程。而Hurst指数则是粗糙度的精确反映。文中利用LOLA制作的DEM,以月球正面虹湾为例,选取水平方向的12条剖面和垂直方向的15条剖面对其各粗糙度参数进行计算,并结合月表成熟度对Hurst指数与底层年龄的相关性进行了分析,得出如下结论:(1)在1km的剖面长度上,虹湾地区均方根高程的平均值在3m左右;在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,虹湾地区的坡度不超过2°,说明该地表起伏度小。(2)虹湾地区的Hurst指数跨度比较大,尤其在垂直方向(南北)上,在0.4到0.9之间,表明其构造样式丰富。(3)在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,Hurst指数自北往南增大、自西往东增大,表示在虹湾地区粗糙度自西北向东南方向增大。(4)虹湾地区地质年龄为自西北向东南方向变小,与Hurst指数增大方向一致。(5)在月表年轻撞击坑地区月表成熟度与Hurst指数大致呈负相关关系。 相似文献
9.
目前对岩石结构表面粗糙度的研究往往只局限于地表,难以反映深部岩石节理粗糙度的特征。钻孔孔壁上节理轮廓线包含有三维信息的特点,本文开展了基于数字钻孔摄像技术的岩石节理粗糙度分形特征的研究,利用数字钻孔摄像系统获取地下深度岩石节理全景图,采用边缘检测技术从全景图中提取出节理轮廓线,对其进行空间变换和视距离变换得到地下岩石节理粗糙表面轮廓线的真实状况。与Barton提出的10条标准剖面曲线进行对比得到每条轮廓线的JRC值,并计算其分形维数,根据最小二乘法原理拟合出JRC与分形维数之间的关系为:(D)=JRC=-541.9x2+1362x-818.53。本文研究内容为描述地下深部天然节理的结构及其特征提供了基础,对更深入地研究地下深部岩石节理的表面空间状况有重要的意义。 相似文献
10.
一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究并提出一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法。首先,基于激光扫描数据将节理表面离散成三角网,并建立与剪切方向相关的三维均方根抵抗角的计算方法。其次,运用分形数学理论,提出一种新的基于三维均方根抵抗角的节理面粗糙度分形描述方法。最后,采用新方法对天然玄武岩节理和花岗岩张拉型节理的粗糙特性进行分析。研究结果表明,提出的新方法能够较全面地反映节理面的三维几何形貌信息,并能描述节理粗糙度的各向异性特性。研究成果为进一步建立岩石节理面的三维剪切强度公式和剪切本构理论奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
H. H. W. Herda 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2006,39(2):147-158
Summary. A computational algorithm which uses depth data from a reference plane to a rock fracture surface in calculating a new three-dimensional
joint roughness coefficient is presented. Two independent sets of fracture data are investigated. The new coefficient is compared
to Barton’s 2D joint roughness coefficient JRC. A measure indicating corrupt data is discussed. The algorithm is also used
to show that, in general, rock roughness is only a local variable, not a directional one. 相似文献
12.
Kumar Ankit Britta Nestler Michael Selzer Mathias Reichardt 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,166(6):1709-1723
In order to address the growth of crystals in veins, a multiphase-field model is used to capture the dynamics of crystals precipitating from a super-saturated solution. To gain a detailed understanding of the polycrystal growth phenomena in veins, we investigate the influence of various boundary conditions on crystal growth. In particular, we analyze the formation of vein microstructures resulting from the free growth of crystals as well as crack-sealing processes. We define the crystal symmetry by considering the anisotropy in surface energy to simulate crystals with flat facets and sharp corners. The resulting growth competition of crystals with different orientations is studied to deduce a consistent orientation selection rule in the free-growth regime. Using crack-sealing simulations, we correlate the grain boundary tracking behavior depending on the relative rate of crack opening, opening trajectory, initial grain size, and wall roughness. Further, we illustrate how these parameters induce the microstructural transition between blocky (crystals growing anisotropically) to fibrous morphology (isotropic) and formation of grain boundaries. The phase-field simulations of crystals in the free-growth regime (in 2D and 3D) indicate that the growth or consumption of a crystal is dependent on the orientation difference with neighboring crystals. The crack-sealing simulation results (in 2D and 3D) reveal that crystals grow isotropically and grain boundaries track the opening trajectory if the wall roughness is high, opening increments are small, and crystals touch the wall before the next crack increment starts. Further, we find that within the complete crack-seal regime, anisotropy in surface energy results in the formation of curved/oscillating grain boundaries (instead of straight) when the crack-opening velocity is increased and wall roughness is not sufficiently high. Additionally, the overall capability of phase-field method to simulate large-scale polycrystal growth in veins (in 3D) is demonstrated enumerating the main advantages of adopting the novel approach. 相似文献
13.
经历剪切变形历史的岩石节理表面粗糙特性分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
基于两类岩石节理剪切试验，采用非接触式激光测距仪，实测了剪切前后节理表面粗糙数据，统计分析了岩石节理表面粗糙特性的三维粗糙参数的物理含义，并将这些参数与相应的二维参数进行了充分比较。结果表明，三维参数与二维参数间存在的近似线性关系，而多个三维参数相对比单一的二维参数更全面有效地描述了节理表面粗糙特性。 相似文献
14.
The deformation process and failure mechanism of rock mass with increased joint roughness subjected to unconfined compression are investigated in this study using discrete element method. A numerical model is developed using soft-bonded particle and validated to realistically replicate the mechanical response of the rock mass. The micro-parameters of the rock material are first determined, and the effects of the joint roughness on the macromechanical response and fracture growth mechanism are then investigated. Analyses are also performed to examine the tensile and shear crack distributions, acoustic emission (AE) characteristics, coordination number, and crack anisotropy to advance the current understanding of the role of joint roughness on the mechanical behavior and deformability of rock mass. The results show that strength and deformability of the jointed rocks are highly dependent on the joint orientation and roughness. Joint roughness is found to restrain the propagation and coalescence of microcracks and AE events from the interlocking of asperities. In addition, the spatial distribution of the contact forces allows for better understanding of the effect of joint inclination angle on the response of the investigated rock samples.
相似文献15.
岩体结构面的剪切力学特性主要取决于其表面粗糙特征,结构面粗糙系数是表征该粗糙特征的主要方法。目前对结构面粗糙系数的研究局限于单一维度,多角度且定量化计算结构面粗糙系数能避免单一维度分析导致计算精度不准的局限性。采用立方体花岗岩,通过巴西劈裂的方式制备含结构面的试样;利用高精度三维扫描仪对试样结构面进行扫描,得到结构面的点云数据,同时借助逆向软件对点云数据进行三维重构。研究了点云数据Z方向上的分布频率,剖面线剖面比与节理粗糙系数（JRC）值的关系,结构面面积比与JRC均值的关系。研究表明：点云数据Z方向上的分布频率可以作为初步评估结构面粗糙度的手段;剖面线剖面比与JRC数值、结构面面积比与JRC均值有二次函数的关系。通过数值分析建立了结构面JRC均值与剖面比、面积比的二元函数关系,并得到结构面JRC均值的经验计算公式。本次研究为结构面粗糙度提供了一种“点-线-面”逐渐深入的多角度评估思路,得到的经验公式为计算结构面JRC均值提供了一种新的计算方法。 相似文献
16.
在水分析计算中，经常涉及到变量之间的线性或非线性拟合，而在拟合各种特性曲线时，通常应用以实测资料与拟合曲线间的误差平方和最小作为目标函数的方法——最小二乘法，但这种方法忽视了所有实测点应与拟合曲线间的相对误差尽量不超过某一百分比的原则，为了达到上述要求，提出了非线性的加权最小二乘法及线性相关方程的最小距离平方和法，探讨改进了传统的最小二乘法达到优化的效果。最小距离平方和法与常用的图解法相比，本法所得成果较为客观；与传统的单方向(x或y方向)最小二乘回归法相比，所求线性方程不会因坐标系的选取而改变。最后应用算例进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
17.
Mahdi Zoorabadi Serkan Saydam Wendy Timms Bruce Hebblewhite 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(3):189-200
Roughness on rock joints produces a variable aperture across the joints and increases the flow path length. These conditions should be taken into account for a good approximation from cubic law. In this paper, the concept of local true aperture and tortuosity is applied to assumed joints where surfaces are matched to each other and correspond with standard Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) profiles. Furthermore, the hydraulic behaviour of JRC profiles is studied by a new laboratory experiment setup. The analytical approach provides new insights into the effects of roughness on hydraulic properties of rock joints. The results indicate that for a constant mechanical aperture, both the minimum local aperture and hydraulic aperture decrease with increasing JRC. Furthermore, tortuosity and standard deviation of local true aperture increase with JRC increment. The trend obtained between different parameters and JRC shows an obvious fluctuation for JRC lower than 10. On one hand, the results of this study along with a critical review of previous studies demonstrate that JRC profiles cannot present a precise roughness increment when JRC is less than 10. A new laboratory setup was designed to study the flow behaviour of JRC profiles. The results obtained from laboratory experiments under linear flow conditions validate the accuracy of the applied analytical method. 相似文献
18.
Rapid vibration estimation usually relies on charge weight scaling laws. These empirical curves that fit field data are sometimes involved in linear superposition models. A scaled charge weight superposition model combines the traditional charge weight scaling law within a linear superposition framework so that the influence of timing and blast design parameters may be assessed. The model involves an extra parameter of time overlap and poses a partial explanation for the over-estimation of blast vibration levels sometimes predicted by linear superposition models. It is suggested that the time overlap parameter be determined from measured vibration data. The new model recovers the Holmberg-Persson equation for near-field vibration from a single blast hole. Three examples compare the predictions of the new model with those from a linear superposition model. The results indicate a consistent, but not compelling demonstration of the predictive power of the scaled charge weight superposition model. Further verification studies are recommended using a wide range of blast types and scaled distances to points of interest. The new model lies between a traditional charge weight scaling law and a linear superposition model. It ignores waveform superposition explicitly but assumes non-linear interaction between adjacent charges in a blast within a user-defined time window. In that sense, the scaled charge weight superposition model offers an alternative method for rapid vibration estimation. 相似文献
19.
Numerical studies of shear banding in interface shear tests using a new strain calculation method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Strain localization is closely associated with the stress–strain behaviour of an interphase system subject to quasi‐static direct interface shear, especially after peak stress state is reached. This behaviour is important because it is closely related to deformations experienced by geotechnical composite structures. This paper presents a study using two‐dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations on the strain localization of an idealized interphase system composed of densely packed spherical particles in contact with rough manufactured surfaces. The manufactured surface is made up of regular or irregular triangular asperities with varying slopes. A new simple method of strain calculation is used in this study to generate strain field inside a simulated direct interface shear box. This method accounts for particle rotation and captures strain localization features at high resolution. Results show that strain localization begins with the onset of non‐linear stress–strain behaviour. A distinct but discontinuous shear band emerges above the rough surface just before the peak stress state, which becomes more expansive and coherent with post‐peak strain softening. It is found that the shear bands developed by surfaces with smaller roughness are much thinner than those developed by surfaces with greater roughness. The maximum thickness of the intense shear zone is observed to be about 8–10 median particle diameters. The shear band orientations, which are mainly dominated by the rough boundary surface, are parallel with the zero extension direction, which are horizontally oriented. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献