共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
V.D. Mats R.M. Lobatskaya O.M. Khlystov 《地学前缘》2007,14(1):207-219
北贝加尔盆地西南端位于贝加尔盆地中部,包括Olkhon岛及其邻区,文中研究了这个区域的构造地貌格架。北贝加尔盆地西南端的构造地貌类型是由走滑构造末端的一系列雁列构造、裂谷断层及次级断层的末端复合构造控制。朝着海的方向Olkhon地区次级断层包括4个连续的末端复合构造Primorsky断层带,Buguldeika-Chernorud地堑—MaloyeMore裂谷盆地—Ushkaniy断层带,Tazheran高原—Olkhon岛鞍部和淹没的Akademichesky山脊,Olkhon断层带。这个末端构造被横向断层切为几段,其活动时间在南西最年轻,向北东逐渐加大,同时断层垂直断距从数十米增至2000余米,且断层带变得更为宽阔,也更为复杂。Pri-morsky断层带向北东从西南端简单的线性断层崖,变为断层围限的断块系统,再变为上升和沉降(盆地)块体系统,并最终汇入一个盆地之中;沿着这个方向裂谷边界断层则突然地复合于盆地构造中。这种构造地貌类型记录了断层演化的时间和空间关系,即从属于递进的沉降和加宽直至最终发育为盆地。因此其趋势是发育完好的湖盆、陆地构造直至被水淹没。陆地构造淹没趋势及没有断层围限块体的盆内构造组合可能是与犁式断层旋转相关的陆内裂谷的共同特点,并具一般裂谷的打开机制。 相似文献
2.
基底先存断裂的活动会对其盖层岩层的变形起到较大的影响,尤其当应力直接作用于基底时更是对变形起到了控制作用。通过一系列的砂箱实验模拟分析了在统一的构造应力场中,当深部的基底断裂作平移滑动时盖层断块的被动变形情况:当其具有伸展分量时,会形成一个近对称的走滑 伸展裂谷形态,当具有挤压分量时,会形成以逆冲走滑断裂为边界的对称的局部挠曲隆起;同时在剖面上会形成典型的走滑构造特征,变形区域的大小与伸展或挤压分量的大小有关。先存的盖层断块受到基底作用力时,除内部变形本身还会发生旋转,形成局部的拉伸和挤压区;当一个地区的基底断裂多次活动甚至发生反转时,就会使地表形成特别复杂的构造现象;郯庐断裂带中段的埕岛-垦东潜山构造带的变形是一个典型的走滑基底控制的情况,实验结果证明基底的走滑反转变形造成这些断块的旋扭,盖层的非完全反转形成了剖面上的“复式花状构造”。 相似文献
3.
黄骅坳陷中北区和歧口凹陷断裂构造特征及古应力分析 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
主要分析了黄骅坳陷中北区和歧口凹陷断裂构造特征。根据三维地震资料编制的Ｔ４和Ｔ０断裂纲要图表明，研究区断裂为伸展正断层，以ＮＥ向、ＮＮＥ向和ＥＷ向断裂为主。在不同时期，歧口凹陷断层走向发生明显变化，由沙一下段ＮＥ向变为上第三系的近ＥＷ向。在不同地段，伸展断裂具有不同的优势方向。横向变换带上发育的断裂也为伸展断裂，具有与主断层垂直相交的方向。通过对断裂古应力分析，黄骅盆地是伸展型盆地，推测其伸展作用为三维放射状，横向变换带也具有三维伸展特征，不存在横向挤压和走滑剪切作用。 相似文献
4.
《Geodinamica Acta》2003,16(2-6):131-147
Combining fieldwork and surface data, we have reconstructed the Cenozoic structural and tectonic evolution of the Northern Bresse. Analysis of drainage network geometry allowed to detect three major fault zones trending NE–SW, E–W and NW–SE, and smooth folds with NNE trending axes, all corroborated with shallow well data in the graben and fieldwork on edges. Cenozoic paleostress succession was determined through fault slip and calcite twin inversions, taking into account data of relative chronology. A N–S major compression, attributed to the Pyrenean orogenesis, has activated strike-slip faults trending NNE along the western edge and NE–SW in the graben. After a transitional minor E–W trending extension, the Oligocene WNW extension has structured the graben by a collapse along NNE to NE–SW normal faults. A local NNW extension closes this phase. The Alpine collision has led to an ENE compression at Early Miocene. The following WNW trending major compression has generated shallow deformation in Bresse, but no deformation along the western edge. The calculation of potential reactivation of pre-existing faults enables to propose a structural sketch map for this event, with a NE–SW trending transfer fault zone, inactivity of the NNE edge faults, and possibly large wavelength folding, which could explain the deposit agency and repartition of Miocene to Quaternary deformation. 相似文献
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贝加尔裂谷带是全球典型的大陆裂谷带之一,新构造运动强烈。滨奥里洪地区是贝加尔裂谷带断裂发育最完好的地区。位于滨奥里洪中部的萨尔玛河谷和奥里洪门新构造运动非常强烈,萨尔玛河谷在地形上呈规则的折线状,而奥里洪门发育有两侧对称的湖湾。沿萨尔玛河谷发育有一组X型节理,而奥里洪门两侧发育有完好的断层三角面山,因此,萨尔玛河谷和奥里洪门可能是在早期追踪张裂的基础上发育起来的。滨奥里洪地区还发育有一系列NE和NW走向的次级断裂,它们的发育受滨海断裂铲式枢纽断层特征的控制。分析这些次级断裂的特征和性质,提出了与它们发育有关的三种作用力:①枢纽断层造成的NE-SW向局部拉张;②铲式断层的旋转效应产生反向滑动;③铲式断层的不均匀旋转产生剪切效应,并在此基础上对滨奥里洪地区的新构造运动过程作了概括和总结。 相似文献
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《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2016,57(9):1269-1282
The Mondy strike-slip fault connects the W-E Tunka and N-S Hovsgol basins on the southern flank of the Baikal rift system. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in its damage zone provide constraints on thicknesses, dips, and plunges of fault planes, as well as on the amount and sense of vertical slip. Strike-slip faulting in the southern segment of the Mondy fault within the territory of Russia bears a normal slip component of motion along the W-E and NW planes. These motions have produced negative flower structures in shallow crust appearing as grabens upon Pleistocene fluvioglacial terraces. The amount of normal slip estimated from the displacement of reflection events varies over the area and reaches its maximum of 3.4 m near Mondy Village. In the Kharadaban basin link, left-lateral strike slip displaces valleys of ephemeral streams to 22 m, while normal slip detected by GPR reaches 2.2 m; this normal-to-strike slip ratio corresponds to a direction of ~ 6° to the horizon. The angles of dips of faults are in the range 75°-79°; the thicknesses of fault planes marked by low- or high-frequency anomalies in GPR records vary from 2.5 to 17.0 m along strike and decrease with depth within a few meters below the surface, which is common to near-surface coseismic motions. Many ruptures fail to reach the surface but appear rather as sinkholes localized mainly in fault hanging walls. The deformation style in the damage zone of the Mondy fault bears impact of the NW Yaminshin fault lying between its two segments. According to photoelasticity, the stress field changes locally at the intersection of the two faults, under NE compression at 38°, till the inverse orientations of principal compression and extension stresses. This stress pattern leads to a combination of normal and left-lateral strike slip components. 相似文献
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针对柴北缘大柴旦地区北东、北西向两组逆冲推覆断裂交汇,构造变形极其复杂,构造解析困难的问题,充分利用野外地质调查、地震、重磁电、钻井(孔)等资料,理清了研究区主要断裂体系及其组合特征与展布规律。采用地表和地下构造、浅部和深部构造、地震和非震资料相结合的方法,开展了山前带构造建模研究与构造解析。通过研究,确定了研究区发育NW和近WE向两组断层和盆缘逆冲、盆内逆冲、盆内挤压走滑等3类断裂体系,平面上具有分区、分带性;建立了盆缘、盆内不同构造变形机制的构造解释模型;共识别出了挤压、伸展和走滑等3大类8种构造样式,明确了构造样式组合模式及其分布规律,理清了研究区“南北分带、东西分区”的构造变形特征;南西北东向构造演化剖面分析明确了盆缘、盆内推覆构造与盆内反冲构造后展式演化时序及其对中生界残留分布的控制作用。 相似文献
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET 相似文献
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《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2008,50(1):6-15
Faulting related to movements along major fault zones in the Upper Benue Trough during Albian times, with evidence of deformation in the Cretaceous Bima Sandstone are common especially around the Kaltungo, Gombe, Zambuk and Teli lineaments. Conjugate extensional systems of deformation bands show increased siliceous cementation of the sandstones adjacent to these lineaments. During the Late Cretaceous compressional event, the deformation bands and faults in the Upper Benue Trough were reactivated, resulting into dilational opening of fractures believed to have acted as fluid conduits and/or barriers. These deformation bands which decrease in density away from the major faults are characterized with increasing porosity and permeability in the host sandstone abruptly away from the tectonic barrier. It is proposed here that the master faults of the Benue Trough, linking it with the Anambra Basin and the Niger Delta probably served as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons into the Cretaceous reservoirs of the Upper Benue Trough and by extension into the Niger Delta. 相似文献
11.
U. Ring 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(3):607-625
The results of a lithostratigraphic, tectonic and kinematic study of the Karoo deposits of northern Malawi are reported. The objective of the lithostratigraphic study is to correlate the deposits of the Karoo basins of northern Malawi with the well-known deposits of southern Tanzania, thus establishing a stratigraphic framework through which the timing of faulting can be constrained. The kinematic analysis of faulting constrains the opening direction for the Karoo graben in this area and provides basic data to discuss the Karoo graben development within the regional tectonic framework of south-eastern Africa. The studied adults are defined by moderately to steeply dipping cataclastic zones with a width of up to 15 m and are characterized by an array of slickensided fault surfaces with different orientations and slip directions. In this study, small faults (offset < 10 m) and meso-scale faults (offset > 10 m, but generally not exceeding 30–40 m) have been distinguished. Methods used to analyse the kinematic data include the ‘pressure tension’ (PT) method, which estimates the principal axes for the bulk brittle strain, and the internal rotation axis (IRA) method, which estimates the axis of bulk internal rotation and the overall sense of slip at the faults. A mass balance calculation reveals a volume increase of up to 16% during cataclastic deformation in the fault zones. The PT method shows an approximately east trending extension direction for faults that occur only in the latest Carboniferous (?) and Early Permian strata, whereas the fault kinematics from faults that cut middle Permian to Early Triassic rocks is characterized by a ESE to SE trending extension direction. The small faults yield essentially the same kinematic results as the meso-scale faults. In a transport-parallel cross-sectional view, the principal extension axes are at an acute angle of approximately 60° to the major fault planes. Given the moderate fault density, the relatively high angle between the orientation of the principal extension axis and the fault planes suggest only a moderate amount of horizontal extension across the Karoo graben of northern Malawi. Riedel structures in the fault zones formed within two conjugate sets of localized shear zones; slip on one set was top to the W/NW and, on the other, top to the E/SE. The two conjugate sets of Riedel structures have an acute angle about the regional shortening axes, implying that no pronounced rotation of the strain axes occurred. The internal rotation axes for the Riedel structures reveal a largely bimodal distribution and inferred weakly monoclinic to orthorhombic symmetry. Therefore the overall deformation during Karoo rifting in northern Malawi is interpreted to be close to a coaxial deformation with a limited amount of horizontal extension.[/p] 相似文献
12.
东濮凹陷是一个研究程度较高的含油气区,前人在构造变形研究方面多注重于伸展变形的几何学分析而忽略了形成机制中走滑分量的作用。本文在对区域地质背景和东濮凹陷构造特征分析基础上,设计平、剖面砂箱实验对该凹陷的构造变形进行伸展-走滑模拟研究。结果表明:(1)具走滑性质的断裂组合形成的构造样式更加复杂多样,走滑断层弯曲会产生挤压或伸展分量,在相邻的区域内形成局部的凹陷和隆起,主动盘的不同会形成不同的断裂组合;(2)在区域NNW—SSE向伸展变形下,形成了东濮凹陷两洼一凸的近对称格局,基底深断裂的张扭性开裂加速了凹陷的形成,主断层上、下盘均有明显的活动;(3)受基底断裂活动影响,大约Es~2-Ed沉积期凹陷存在一个明显的右旋走滑变形期,在凹陷的中部隆起带上出现了负花状、火焰状等典型走滑构造样式,走滑变形具有阵发性特点。 相似文献
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Structural Mapping of the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone Using PALSAR Remote Sensing Data,Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Sediment‐hosted/Orogenic Gold Mineral Systems Exploration 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) of Peninsular Malaysia is one of the major structural zones in Sundaland, Southeast Asia. It forms the boundary between the Gondwana‐derived Sibumasu terrane in the west and Sukhothai Arc in the east. The BRSZ is genetically related to the sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits associated with the major lineaments in the Central Gold Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, the Phased Array type L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite remote sensing data were used to map major geological structures in Peninsular Malaysia and provide detailed characterization of lineaments and curvilinear structures in the BRSZ, as well as their implication for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold exploration in tropical environments. Major structural lineaments such as the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) and Lebir Fault Zone, ductile deformation related to crustal shortening, brittle disjunctive structures (faults and fractures) and collisional mountain range (Main Range granites) were detected and mapped at regional scale using PALSAR ScanSAR data. The major geological structure directions of the BRSZ were N–S, NNE–SSW, NE–SW and NW–SE, which derived from directional filtering analysis to PALSAR fine and polarimetric data. The pervasive array of N–S faults in the Central Gold Belt and surrounding terrain is mainly linked to the N–S trending of the Suture Zone. N–S striking lineaments are often cut by younger NE–SW and NW–SE‐trending lineaments. Gold mineralized trend lineaments are associated with the intersection of N–S, NE–SW, NNW–SSE and ESE–WNW faults and curvilinear features in shearing and alteration zones. Compressional tectonic structures such as the NW–SE trending thrust, ENE–WSW oriented faults in mylonite and phyllite, recumbent folds and asymmetric anticlines in argillite are high potential zones for gold prospecting in the Central Gold Belt. Three generations of folding events in Peninsular Malaysia have been recognized from remote sensing structural interpretation. Consequently, PALSAR satellite remote sensing data is a useful tool for mapping major geological structural features and detailed structural analysis of fault systems and deformation areas with high potential for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits and polymetallic vein‐type mineralization along margins of Precambrian blocks, especially for inaccessible regions in tropical environments. 相似文献
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西南三江构造体系突出表现为以昌都-兰坪-思茅地块为中轴的不对称走滑对冲构造,次为与走滑断裂相伴的伸展滑脱、走滑拉分盆地构造体系,再次为块体内部的近北东、北西向走滑断裂系。西南三江造山带构造体系演化分为挤压收缩变形、走滑深熔热隆、走滑剪切伸展、走滑剥蚀隆升等4个阶段。自晚白垩世开始,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞,西南三江造山带对冲体构造体系初始形成。自渐新世开始,印度板块持续向北楔入欧亚大陆,印度板块与扬子克拉通构成力偶,两者相向、相对运动,挤压与剪切特提斯大洋缝合带及两大陆边缘弧盆系等地质体,西南三江造山带对冲体构造体系进一步发展,近南北向剪切走滑构造体系形成,构造方向也由近东西转为近南北向。而与近南北向主走滑断裂带之相伴的伸展滑脱构造、拉分盆地,块体内部近北东、北西“X”型剪切走滑断裂同时相伴形成。这样,就形成了西南三江造山带大规模的对冲、走滑、旋转及其伴生的伸展、拉分盆地构造的构造体系。 相似文献
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本文系统论述了西南三江地区那邦、高黎贡山、崇山-澜沧江、点苍山-哀牢山-红河剪切走滑带、区域性伸展与变质核杂岩、新生代盆地及走滑过程中的碱性岩浆活动等特征,认为西南三江地区经历了挤压收缩变形(60~40Ma)、走滑伸展热隆(40~38Ma)、走滑剪切深熔(38~23Ma)、走滑剪切伸展(23~11Ma)、走滑剥蚀隆升(11~5Ma)5个时空演化阶段,并对应5种运动机制及动力学机制:碰撞挤压、走滑拉张热隆(岩浆)、走滑剪切深熔、剪切伸展、走滑垮塌,主要表现为走滑造山。西南三江造山带是印度板块向欧亚板块斜向俯冲形成的多条巨型顺时针走滑剪切带,其间的块体向南逸出并顺时针旋转。走滑断层系起了位移量调节和构造变换的作用,西南三江造山带为典型的走滑造山带。 相似文献
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断裂趋势带是指盆地沉积盖层内的弱变形构造带,属于断裂带形成演化早期或中期阶段的产物.沉积盆地断裂趋势带隐蔽性较强,识别标志不明显,往往被忽视,因而在断裂趋势带上未发现油气藏的区域应该是未来油气勘探值得重视的领域.根据断裂趋势带的规模可将其划分为:(1) 圈闭级断裂趋势带,特征是多个雁列式断块、弧形断块或者复合型断块圈闭呈线状排列组成;(2) 洼陷级断裂趋势带,表现为雁列式展布的多条断裂或褶皱,其间由小断层断续相连;(3) 凹陷级断裂趋势带,表现为洼陷、凸起、沉积相带或圈闭等构造单元呈线状断续相间排列;(4) 坳陷级断裂趋势带,属于区域性隐性断裂,一般表现为沿固定方向基底埋深突变、沉积盖层厚度突变、沉积相带突变等特征;(5) 盆地级断裂趋势带,表现为成排成带的低幅度构造定向延伸组合成的大规模鼻状褶皱带或大型低幅度隆起.另外,结合构造物理模拟实验建立了基底断裂走滑型断裂趋势带的5阶段演化模式分析认为,断裂趋势带油气聚集模式可以概括为6种:雁列状断块聚集模式、带状断块聚集模式、雁列状褶皱聚集模式、平行状复合圈闭聚集模式、网格状复合圈闭聚集模式、环状复合圈闭聚集模式. 相似文献
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The aquifer of early Cretaceous age in the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin is defined by interpretation of geological drilling data of oil and hydrogeological wells, field measurement and analysis of in situ fracture orientations, and the application of a morphostructural method to identify lineaments. These analyzes are used to develop a stratigraphic–structural model of the aquifer delimited by fault zones of two principal orientations: NNE and WNW. These fault zones define fault blocks that range in area from 4 to 150 km2. These blocks correspond either to elevated zones (horsts) or depressed zones (grabens). This structural setting with faults blocks of Meskala region is in accordance with the structure of the whole Essaouira Basin. Fault zones disrupt the continuity of the aquifer throughout the study area, create recharge and discharge zones, and create dip to the units from approximately 10° to near vertical in various orientations. Fracture measurements and morphometric-lineament analyzes help to identify unmapped faults, and represent features important to groundwater hydraulics and water quality within fault blocks. The above geologic features will enable a better understanding of the behaviour and hydro-geo-chemical and hydrodynamics of groundwater in the Meskala aquifer. 相似文献
18.
走滑断裂在渤海海域广泛分布,深刻影响着沉积盆地的形成与演化,同时也深刻影响着源－汇体系的形成和演化.在对渤海海域大量钻井资料和地震资料分析的基础上,认为走滑断裂对渤海古近系源－汇体系的控制作用主要表现在:走滑断裂压扭作用控制了局部物源体系的形成;走滑断裂的张扭作用控制了沟谷低地的形成;走滑断裂的水平运动控制源－汇体系的横向迁移.走滑断裂带源－汇体系发育模式十分复杂,渤海古近系常见的主要有S型走滑断裂带源－汇体系模式、叠覆型走滑断裂带源－汇体系模式、帚状走滑断裂带源－汇体系模式、共轭走滑带源－汇体系模式.开展走滑断裂带源－汇体系特征及其控砂模式的探讨,对含油气盆地的储层预测具有重要的意义. 相似文献
19.
Post-glacial tectonic faults in the eastern Swiss Alps occur as single lineaments, clusters of faults or extensive fault zones consisting of several individual faults aligned along the same trend. The orientation of the faults reflects the underlying lithology and the pre-existing structures (joints, pervasive foliations) within these lithologies. Most post-glacially formed faults in the area around Chur, which undergoes active surface uplift of 1.6 mm/year, trend E–W and cut across Alpine and glacial features such as active screes and moraines. Additionally, there are NNW and ENE striking faults reactivating pervasive Alpine foliations and shear zones. Based on a comparison with the nodal planes of recent earthquakes, E–W striking faults are interpreted as active faults. Because of very short rupture lengths and mismatches of fault location with earthquake distribution, magnitude and abundance, the faults are considered to be secondary faults due to earthquake shaking, cumulative deformation in post- or interseismic periods or creep, and not primary earthquake-related faults. The maximum of recent surface uplift rates coincides with the youngest cooling of the rocks according to apatite fission-track data and is therefore a long-lived feature that extends well into pre-glacial times. Isostatic rebound owing to overthickened crust or to melting of glacial overburden cannot explain the observed surface uplift pattern. Rather, the faults, earthquakes and surface uplift patterns suggest that the Alps are deforming under active compression and that the Aar massif basement uplift is still active in response to ongoing collision. 相似文献