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1.
激光探针稳定同位素分析技术的现状及发展前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
微区分析是同位素测试发展的重要方向。激光探针微区稳定同位素分析方法是同位素微区分析的重要手段。激光探针微区稳定同位素研究始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,开始时主要集中于轻元素的稳定同位素研究。目前它已广泛用于碳酸盐碳、氧同位素 ,硫化物硫同位素 ,硅酸盐氧、硅同位素和氮同位素研究。近年来 ,多接收等离子质谱分析技术在重金属元素 (如铁、铜、锌、钼等 )的同位素分析方面取得迅速发展。因而 ,重金属元素的微区稳定同位素研究又成为当前的热点。文中对轻元素和重元素的激光探针微区稳定同位素分析的制样装置与设备 ,各种相关分析技术 ,以及在矿物、岩石与矿石研究中的应用现状进行了介绍。对激光探针微区稳定同位素分析技术的发展前景做了讨论。 相似文献
2.
同位素质谱分析测试技术进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
同位素质谱分析测试技术是同位素研究的基础。本文评述了同位素质谱分析测试技术中常用的多接收器等离子体质谱法、激光探针质谱、离子探针、热电离质谱法和高精度质谱计分析同位素的原理、应用范围、存在问题和研究进展,建议选择分析同住素方法时,需考虑每种方法各自的特点和优势、仪器的性能等。 相似文献
3.
激光探针分析在氧同位素地球化学研究中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
简要介绍了氧同位素分析的最新方法———激光探针法的主要特点,并详细评述了激光探针分析在氧同位素地球化学研究中的应用。某些矿物内部存在氧同位素组成的变化,构成氧同位素环带。与其他化学成分环带一样,矿物氧同位素环带也可以分为生长环带（包括次生加大的环带）和扩散环带两种。变质岩中石榴石经常保存有明显的生长环带,而矽卡岩中石榴石、变质花岗质岩石中锆石和蚀变花岗岩中石英等矿物均可以记录岩石形成早期的某些氧同位素特征。由于这种差异与岩石的形成环境有关,因此通过对矿物氧同位素组成的微区分析可揭示岩石的某些成因信息。在缓慢冷却的变质岩中,磁铁矿的氧同位素环带常是扩散作用形成的,由此可以确定岩石的冷却速率。通过对脉石英的激光探针分析,可以研究流体的流动机理。变质岩的氧同位素微区分析为ｐ Ｔ ｔ ｆ轨迹研究提供了有力的武器,而氧同位素示踪可用来解决流体在变质岩形成过程中的作用问题。 相似文献
4.
5.
激光探针：稳定同位素分析的新式“武器”Ⅱ．不同类型激光探针的分析流程与优缺点比较肖益林郑永飞（中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学系，合肥２３００２６）关键词激光探针稳定同位素分析分析流程优缺点１不同激光探针分析流程的比较１．１ＣＯ２激光探针的分析流程样品... 相似文献
6.
激光探针：稳定同位素分析的新式“武器”＊Ｉ：发展历史、工作原理和装置构成肖益林郑永飞（中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学系，合肥２３００２６）关键词激光探针稳定同位素分析发展历史工作原理装置稳定同位素地球化学的发展与同位素分析方法的不断改进和完善密不可分... 相似文献
7.
锆石地球化学特征及地质应用研究综述 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
介绍并对比了用于锆石等副矿物测试的离子探针、激光探针、电子探针、质子探针等几种微区原位测试技术各自的特点.锆石U-Pb定年实现了对同一锆石颗粒内部不同成因的锆石域进行原位年龄的分析,给出了有关寄主岩石的源岩、地质演化历史等重要信息,为地质过程的精细年龄框架的建立提供了有效的途径.锆石微量元素、同位素特征是译解岩石来源和成因的指示器.锆石Hf同位素已成功地用于地球早期历史、岩浆来源、壳幔相互作用、区域大陆地壳增长的研究等;锆石氧同位素组成能有效地约束壳幔相互作用和示踪岩浆来源等. 相似文献
8.
本文介绍了欧美国家8O年代,激光拉曼探针、质谱计、质子探针等仪器在流体包裹体成分分析以及包裹体流体中 H、O、Sr、Ph、Nd、Ar同位素分析方法方面的研究成果. 相似文献
9.
激光荧光显微探针:方法及应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
近年来研究沉积有机物的激光诱导荧光特笥和发展基于激光的荧光显微探针技术日益受到人们的重视。采用ＦＡＭＭ－９８激光荧光显微探针研究了烃源岩显微组分。研究表明,激光荧光显微探针的微束特性使 乎可以对任何显微镜下呆辨认的有机物质颗粒进行微区分析。在激光的诱导下,所有显微组分都会产生可检测到的荧光讯号。显微组分受激光束辐照最终时刻的荧光强度（Ｆ４００）以及最终荧光强度／初始荧光强度比值（Ｆ４００／Ｆo）是 相似文献
10.
黄铁矿等硫化物离子探针硫同位素分析已经广泛应用在成矿机理、古环境重建、大气环境硫源示踪及行星演化等研究中。纳米离子探针(CAMECA Nano SIMS 50L)的使用将硫化物硫同位素分析空间分辨率提升到微纳尺度(1μm～100nm),实现了分辨率1～2μm、精度0.5‰(1SD)的硫同位素点分析方法,分辨率100nm、精度1‰的硫同位素图像分析方法。为了进一步优化分析流程拓展纳米离子探针硫同位素的应用,本文系统比较了纳米离子探针微纳尺度硫同位素点分析方法、图像分析方法的各自特点及分析流程;并以东营凹陷北带沙四段黄铁矿为研究对象,联合采用了纳米离子探针硫同位素点分析和硫同位素图像分析手段,对黄铁矿微细结构进行分析,从而揭示了储层中黄铁矿成因及其油气成藏的指示意义。 相似文献
11.
微量陨石激光熔样稀有气体测定方法是一种可以在微米尺度上对几毫克陨石样品进行准确稀有气体同位素分析的方法,克服了传统全岩熔融法在测量时存在样品用量大、前处理过程复杂和样品稀有气体分布不均导致不同组分的宇宙射线暴露历史无法进一步区分等问题。但是由于该方法所用样品体积小和样品用量低,要求实验室具有超低本底的稀有气体提取系统,目前国内在微量陨石稀有气体分析技术方面尚处于起步阶段。本文采用金刚石激光样品窗成功研制了超低本底的气体提取系统,通过系统体积标定和天平称量误差、热本底、干扰元素、质量歧视及质谱灵敏度等参数的校正,在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所建立了微量陨石激光熔样稀有气体测定方法,并对毫克级微量钙长辉长无球粒陨石Millbillillie粉末标样进行了稀有气体同位素含量和比值测定,计算获得准确一致的宇宙暴露年龄。该方法的建立,将为我国迅速发展的比较行星学和深空探测提供重要技术支撑。 相似文献
12.
硅酸盐矿物氧同位素组成的激光分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
对于红外激光系统和紫外激光系统 ,由于它们加热样品的反应机理完全不同 ,决定了它们在稳定同位素地球化学分析中的不同使用范围。根据对CO2 激光系统分析地球化学样品的实践 ,发现对结果产生干扰的因素有 :(1)石英的粒径效应 ;(2 )微量样品接收电压过低 ;(3)分子筛的吸附能力 ;(4 )系统中的吸附水 ;(5 ) 14 N19F+ 对δ17O值的影响。由于石英的粒径效应而导致细粒石英 (粒径<2 5 0 μm)的δ18O值偏低 ,可以采用不聚焦激光的快速加热法来解决。由于样品量太少而决定了样品气体接收电压过低 ,导致δ18O值出现系统偏高或偏低 ,可以利用校正曲线对结果进行校正。分子筛吸附性能的下降会产生氧同位素的分馏 ,因此确定分子筛的使用寿命非常重要。系统中的吸附水利用氟化物试剂预氟化来去除 ,重要的是应避免在预氟化的过程中产生大量的HF腐蚀激光系统的BaF2 窗口玻璃并与部分矿物样品发生反应。 相似文献
13.
Paul R. Craddock Olivier J. Rouxel Lary A. Ball Wolfgang Bach 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):102-113
We have developed a technique for the accurate and precise determination of 34S/32S isotope ratios (δ34S) in sulfur-bearing minerals using solution and laser ablation multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). We have examined and determined rigorous corrections for analytical difficulties such as instrumental mass bias, unresolved isobaric interferences, blanks, and laser ablation- and matrix-induced isotopic fractionation. Use of high resolution sector-field mass spectrometry removes major isobaric interferences from O2+. Standard-sample bracketing is used to correct for the instrumental mass bias of unknown samples. Background on sulfur masses arising from memory effects and residual oxygen-tailing are typically minor (< 0.2‰, within analytical error), and are mathematically removed by on-peak zero subtraction and by bracketing of samples with standards determined at the same signal intensity (within 20%). Matrix effects are significant (up to 0.7‰) for matrix compositions relevant to many natural sulfur-bearing minerals. For solution analysis, sulfur isotope compositions are best determined using purified (matrix-clean) sulfur standards and sample solutions using the chemical purification protocol we present. For in situ analysis, where the complex matrix cannot be removed prior to analysis, appropriately matrix-matching standards and samples removes matrix artifacts and yields sulfur isotope ratios consistent with conventional techniques using matrix-clean analytes. Our method enables solid samples to be calibrated against aqueous standards; a consideration that is important when certified, isotopically-homogeneous and appropriately matrix-matched solid standards do not exist. Further, bulk and in situ analyses can be performed interchangeably in a single analytical session because the instrumental setup is identical for both. We validated the robustness of our analytical method through multiple isotope analyses of a range of reference materials and have compared these with isotope ratios determined using independent techniques. Long-term reproducibility of S isotope compositions is typically 0.20‰ and 0.45‰ (2σ) for solution and laser analysis, respectively. Our method affords the opportunity to make accurate and relatively precise S isotope measurement for a wide range of sulfur-bearing materials, and is particularly appropriate for geologic samples with complex matrix and for which high-resolution in situ analysis is critical. 相似文献
14.
本文概述了氢氧同位素扩散交换动力学参数的两种研究方法 :1采用积分性质扩散方程的常规质谱分析方法 ;2采用微分性质扩散方程的离子探针分析方法。并对同位素交换实验设备、样品制备及实验技术等作了介绍。 相似文献
15.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(1):1-43
A number of distinct methodologies are available for determining the oxygen isotope composition of minerals and rocks, these include laser-assisted fluorination, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and UV laser ablation. In this review we focus on laser-assisted fluorination, which currently achieves the highest levels of precision available for oxygen isotope analysis. In particular, we examine how results using this method have furthered our understanding of early-formed differentiated meteorites. Due to its rapid reaction times and low blank levels, laser-assisted fluorination has now largely superseded the conventional externally-heated Ni “bomb” technique for bulk analysis. Unlike UV laser ablation and SIMS analysis, laser-assisted fluorination is not capable of focused spot analysis. While laser fluorination is now a mature technology, further analytical improvements are possible via refinements to the construction of sample chambers, clean-up lines and the use of ultra-high resolution mass spectrometers.High-precision oxygen isotope analysis has proved to be a particularly powerful technique for investigating the formation and evolution of early-formed differentiated asteroids and has provided unique insights into the interrelationships between various groups of achondrites. A clear example of this is seen in samples that lie close to the terrestrial fractionation line (TFL). Based on the data from conventional oxygen isotope analysis, it was suggested that the main-group pallasites, the howardite eucrite diogenite suite (HEDs) and mesosiderites could all be derived from a single common parent body. However, high precision analysis demonstrates that main-group pallasites have a Δ17O composition that is fully resolvable from that of the HEDs and mesosiderites, indicating the involvement of at least two parent bodies. The range of Δ17O values exhibited by an achondrite group provides a useful means of assessing the extent to which their parent body underwent melting and isotopic homogenization. Oxygen isotope analysis can also highlight relationships between ungrouped achondrites and the more well-populated groups. A clear example of this is the proposed link between the evolved GRA 06128/9 meteorites and the brachinites.The evidence from oxygen isotopes, in conjunction with that from other techniques, indicates that we have samples from approximately 110 asteroidal parent bodies (∼60 irons, ∼35 achondrites and stony-iron, and ∼15 chondrites) in our global meteorite collection. However, compared to the likely size of the original protoplanetary asteroid population, this is an extremely low value. In addition, almost all of the differentiated samples (achondrites, stony-iron and irons) are derived from parent bodies that were highly disrupted early in their evolution.High-precision oxygen isotope analysis of achondrites provides some important insights into the origin of mass-independent variation in the early Solar System. In particular, the evidence from various primitive achondrite groups indicates that both the slope 1 (Y&R) and CCAM lines are of primordial significance. Δ17O differences between water ice and silicate-rich solids were probably the initial source of the slope 1 anomaly. These phases most likely acquired their isotopic composition as a result of UV photo-dissociation of CO that took place either in the early solar nebula or precursor giant molecular cloud. Such small-scale isotopic heterogeneities were propagated into larger-sized bodies, such as asteroids and planets, as a result of early Solar System processes, including dehydration, aqueous alteration, melting and collisional interactions.There is increasing evidence that chondritic parent bodies accreted relatively late compared to achondritic asteroids. This may account for the fact that apart from a few notable exceptions’ such as the aubrite-enstatite chondrite association, known chondrite groups could not have been the parents to the main achondrite groups. 相似文献
16.
Oxygen isotopic compositions of silicate inclusions in IVA iron meteorites have been measured with an in situ UV laser microprobe technique. The homogeneity of oxygen isotopic compositions within and among individual mineral grains has also been examined. Oxygen isotope fractionations between coexisting mineral pairs were utilized in oxygen isotope thermometry. Our measured Δ17O values, ranging from 0.97 to 1.25‰, are characteristic of a single reservoir and fully confirm the oxygen isotopic similarity between IVA irons and L/LL chondrites. Steinbach and São João Nepomuceno, containing inclusions of two silicate minerals in mutual contact, exhibit a mass-dependent fractionation of 18O/16O between tridymite and bronzite with apparent oxygen isotopic heterogeneity. The SiO2-bearing member, Gibeon, gives homogeneous oxygen isotopic compositions without detectable fractionation of 18O/16O between tridymite and quartz. Oxygen isotope equilibrium temperatures are estimated for coexisting tridymite and bronzite in the same sample slabs or clusters in Steinbach and São João Nepomuceno. The fractionations of 18O/16O between bronzite and tridymite range from 1.6 to 2.3‰ in different sample slabs or clusters. On the basis of the closure temperature concept, cooling rates are estimated at approximately 20 to 1000°C/Myr between 800 and 1000°C, a range of temperatures not accessible to other cooling rate methods. Using the Fast Grain Boundary diffusion model, we have demonstrated that significant oxygen heterogeneity both in tridymite and bronzite is probably due to isotope exchange during cooling between minerals with various grain sizes and mineral abundances in different regions of the samples. The new estimates of cooling rate by oxygen isotope thermometry refine previous cooling curves of IVA irons and support the breakup-reassembly model for the IVA parent body. 相似文献
17.
The influence of NaCl, CaCl2, and dissolved minerals on the oxygen isotope fractionation in mineral-water systems at high pressure and high temperature was studied experimentally. The salt effects of NaCl (up to 37 molal) and 5-molal CaCl2 on the oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz and water and between calcite and water were measured at 5 and 15 kbar at temperatures from 300 to 750°C. CaCl2 has a larger influence than NaCl on the isotopic fractionation between quartz and water. Although NaCl systematically changes the isotopic fractionation between quartz and water, it has no influence on the isotopic fractionation between calcite and water. This difference in the apparent oxygen isotope salt effects of NaCl must relate to the use of different minerals as reference phases. The term oxygen isotope salt effect is expanded here to encompass the effects of dissolved minerals on the fractionations between minerals and aqueous fluids. The oxygen isotope salt effects of dissolved quartz, calcite, and phlogopite at 15 kbar and 750°C were measured in the three-phase systems quartz-calcite-water and phlogopite-calcite-water. Under these conditions, the oxygen isotope salt effects of the three dissolved minerals range from ∼0.7 to 2.1‰. In both three-phase hydrothermal systems, the equilibrium fractionation factors between the pairs of minerals are the same as those obtained by anhydrous direct exchange between each pair of minerals, proving that the use of carbonate as exchange medium provides correct isotopic fractionations for a mineral pair.When the oxygen isotope salt effects of two minerals are different, the use of water as an indirect exchange medium will give erroneous fractionations between the two minerals. The isotope salt effect of a dissolved mineral is also the main reason for the observation that the experimentally calibrated oxygen isotope fractionations between a mineral and water are systematically 1.5 to 2‰ more positive than the results of theoretical calculations. Dissolved minerals greatly affect the isotopic fractionation in mineral-water systems at high pressure and high temperature. If the presence of a solute changes the solubility of a mineral, the real oxygen isotope salt effect of the solute at high pressure and high temperature cannot be correctly derived by using the mineral as reference phase. 相似文献
18.
U. Wiechert Dmitri A. Ionov Karl Hans Wedepohl 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,126(4):345-364
Spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Atsagin-Dush volcanic centre, SE Mongolia range from fertile lherzolites to clinopyroxene(cpx)-bearing
harzburgites. The cpx-poor peridotites typically contain interstitial fine-grained material and silicate glass and abundant
fluid inclusions in minerals, some have large vesicular melt pockets that apparently formed after primary clinopyroxene and
spinel. No volatile-bearing minerals (amphibole, phlogopite, apatite, carbonate) have been found in any of the xenoliths.
Fifteen peridotite xenoliths have been analysed for major and trace elements; whole-rock Sr isotope compositions and O isotope
composition of all minerals were determined for 13 xenoliths. Trace element composition and Sr-Nd isotope compositions were
also determined in 11 clinopyroxene and melt pocket separates. Regular variations of major and moderately incompatible trace
elements (e.g. heavy-rare-earth elements) in the peridotite series are consistent with its formation as a result of variable
degrees of melt extraction from a fertile lherzolite protolith. The Nd isotope compositions of LREE (light-rare-earth elements)-depleted
clinopyroxenes indicate an old (≥ 1 billion years) depletion event. Clinopyroxene-rich lherzolites are commonly depleted in
LREE and other incompatible trace elements whereas cpx-poor peridotites show metasomatic enrichment that can be related to
the abundance of fine-grained interstitial material, glass and fluid inclusions in minerals. The absence of hydrous minerals,
ubiquitous CO2-rich microinclusions in the enriched samples and negative anomalies of Nb, Hf, Zr, and Ti in primitive mantle-normalized
trace element patterns of whole rocks and clinopyroxenes indicate that carbonate melts may have been responsible for the metasomatic
enrichment. Low Cu and S contents and high δ34S values in whole-rock peridotites could be explained by interaction with oxidized fluids that may have been derived from
subducted oceanic crust. The Sr-Nd isotope compositions of LREE-depleted clinopyroxenes plot either in the MORB (mid-ocean-ridge
basalt) field or to the right of the mantle array, the latter may be due to enrichment in radiogenic Sr. The LREE-enriched
clinopyroxenes and melt pockets plot in the ocean island-basalt field and have Sr-Nd isotope signatures consistent with derivation
from a mixture of the DMM (depleted MORB mantle) and EM (enriched mantle) II sources.
Received: 18 January 1996 / Accepted: 23 August 1996 相似文献
19.
激光剥蚀等离子质谱微区分析在固体地球科学中的应用进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
当前分析化学技术正向着痕量微区方向发展。这使得我们能够用更小更少的样品直接得到更多的地球化学信息。在诸多微区测试技术中,激光剥蚀等离子质谱（LA-ICPMS）技术发展最快。其地质应用较广,激光探针等离子体质谱能够进行固体样品的微区微量元素和同位素的分析,具有灵敏度高、简便、快速的特点,同样具有在同位素定年上的潜力。近年来又研制出激光剥蚀多道接收等离子质谱（LA-MC-ICPMS）仪,使得微区同位素分析开始了新的革命。而多种微区技术综合应用为近几年分析地球化学新的趋势。 相似文献