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1.
高压-超高压变质岩石中石榴石的环带和成因 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在俯冲带变质过程中,石榴石是高压-超高压变质榴辉岩和片麻岩的常见变质矿物。由于石榴石具有难熔和流体中的低溶解能力的特点,通常可以很好地保存下来,并且能够保留复杂的化学成分环带,以及不同类型的矿物或流体包裹体,为解释石榴石寄主岩石经历的变质演化历史提供了重要信息。石榴子石的主微量元素成分受控于很多因素,如全岩成分、变质的温压条件、控制石榴子石形成的相关变质反应、与石榴子石共生的矿物种类和成分等。因此,在利用石榴石探讨超高压变质的演化历史时,对石榴石进行系统的主要元素、微量元素、氧同位素以及矿物包裹体分析,以及相互间的成因关系。同时,对石榴石中的锆石或独居石包裹体并进行原位U-Pb定年和微量元素分析,可以为变质石榴石的形成时代提供直接的时间制约。深入研究超高压变质岩中石榴石的生长阶段,不仅可以为含石榴石寄主岩石的变质过程提供岩石学和地球化学证据,而且对于理解石榴石的形成机制、生长规律及其变质化学动力学过程具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
2.
概述了同位素封闭体系内的矿物氧扩散和同位素交换机制及其在地质速率计上的应用。火成岩从高温冷却或变质岩从高峰主质温度冷却过程中，由于冷却速度不同，扩散作用导致的矿物晶体内部及晶粒间氧同位素再平衡也有所不同。通过实测岩石中各组成矿物氧同位素比值，模式含量和颗粒半径，据矿物氧扩散和同位素交换模型，可以估算出岩石的冷却速率。 相似文献
3.
氧同位素在岩石成因研究的新进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过氧同位素分析可以对岩石的成因进行认识,使之成为岩石学研究的一个强有力工具。根据花岗岩的氧同位素高低可以判断其来源于变沉积岩还是变火成岩;对于一个复式岩体,如果不同期次岩石的氧同位素组成存在明显变化,可以有效地判断该岩浆在演化过程中存在不同来源物质的混染,因为岩浆从镁铁质成分向长英质成分的化学分异过程,不会引起明显的氧同位素分馏,分馏值一般不超过0.3‰。氧同位素分析手段从常规BrF5法,到激光探针BrF5法,再到离子探针分析法,对岩石矿物样品从全熔分析到微区分析的发展,显示了它们的发展历程和各自的优势及应用范围。本文介绍了氧同位素的不同分析方法,以花岗岩(流纹岩)和变质岩的研究为例阐述了氧同位素分析技术的发展。苏州花岗岩利用全岩和造岩矿物常规氧同位素分析方法得出其为低δ18O和正常δ18O岩浆成因的不同认识,近年通过锆石激光氧同位素分析技术,获得岩浆锆石的δ18O平均为4.92‰,证实其来源于壳源的低δ18O岩浆。类似地,利用全岩和造岩矿物常规氧同位素分析方法得出的观点难以解释美国黄石高原低δ18O流纹岩中矿物颗粒间和颗粒内部的氧同位素变化,该氧同位素变化只能通过离子探针矿物微区原位分析得出。在变质岩研究方面,通过激光探针氧同位素分析,人们普遍认为苏鲁造山带变质岩极负的δ18O值是在新元古代原岩形成时获得的,但是最新的离子探针锆石原位氧同位素分析表明苏鲁造山带变质岩极负的δ18O主要是在三叠纪超高压变质作用过程中获得的。今后单颗粒矿物尺度上的氧同位素组成分布规律将是氧同位素研究的发展方向。 相似文献
4.
激光探针稳定同位素分析技术的现状及发展前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
微区分析是同位素测试发展的重要方向。激光探针微区稳定同位素分析方法是同位素微区分析的重要手段。激光探针微区稳定同位素研究始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,开始时主要集中于轻元素的稳定同位素研究。目前它已广泛用于碳酸盐碳、氧同位素 ,硫化物硫同位素 ,硅酸盐氧、硅同位素和氮同位素研究。近年来 ,多接收等离子质谱分析技术在重金属元素 (如铁、铜、锌、钼等 )的同位素分析方面取得迅速发展。因而 ,重金属元素的微区稳定同位素研究又成为当前的热点。文中对轻元素和重元素的激光探针微区稳定同位素分析的制样装置与设备 ,各种相关分析技术 ,以及在矿物、岩石与矿石研究中的应用现状进行了介绍。对激光探针微区稳定同位素分析技术的发展前景做了讨论。 相似文献
5.
对变质岩经历的进变质和退变质作用定年并构建其p-T-t轨迹是观测地壳运动过程的重要途径。全岩等时线和矿物等时线是变质岩Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd定年的两个基本方法。在变质过程中同位素均一化尺度是影响全岩等时线定年的主要因素。在一般情况下,变质过程中Rb-Sr同位素体系的均一化尺度远大于Sm-Nd体系,从而Rb-Sr全岩等时线可以给出有意义的变质年龄,而Sm-Nd数据不能。然而,对于低级变质作用,因其较高级变质作用有更丰富的流体,其Nd同位素均一化尺度可能变,从而使得一些全岩Sm-Nd等时线给出和Rb-Sr年龄一致的有意义变质年龄。对于矿物等时线定年,在变质作用时矿物之间能否达到同位素平衡则是关键。已经证明,超高压变质(UHPM)岩的退变质作用是开放体系,然而UHPM矿物的Sr-Nd同位素体系仍保持封闭。已观测到UHPM矿物和退变质矿物之间的Sr-Nd同位素不平衡,因此,高压矿物(如石榴石、多硅白云母)和退变质矿物或全岩的连线将会给出没有意义的偏老的Sm-Nd年龄和偏年轻的Rb-Sr年龄。由3个以上很好分开的矿物确定的等时线的良好线性、不同定年方法获得的年龄的一致性以及确定等时线矿物之间的氧同位素平衡可用于判定矿物间Nd同位素达到平衡。由于石榴石具有高Sm/Nd和Lu/Hf比,因此石榴石是榴辉岩或石榴辉石岩Sm-Nd或Lu-Hf定年最重要的矿物。然而由于石榴石非常宽的p-T稳定范围,石榴石可以在高级变质岩的前进变质和退变质作用中生长,从而具有复杂的环带结构。因此,如何从具有复杂结构的石榴石不同部位取样和分析并判断其成因就成为榴辉岩或石榴辉石岩Sm-Nd或LuHf矿物等时线定年的一个挑战。这需要今后做更进一步的研究。 相似文献
6.
大陆深俯冲过程中的流体-岩石相互作用——中国大陆科学钻探主孔氧同位素剖面 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔深5158m，位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部。该钻孔钻进了一个超高压变质岩片，其主要榴辉岩、片麻岩、超基性岩和少量石英和片岩组成。基于连续样品的详细氧同位素分析可得出下列认识：（1）各种变质矿物的氧同位素成分具有很大的变化，其中石榴石为-7．4～＋6．2‰，绿辉石为-5．2～＋6．5‰。白云母为-4．4- ＋7．1‰，斜长石为-3．1～＋7．6‰，钾长石为4．8～8．3‰，石英为-2．8- ＋9．6‰。（2）整个钻孔剖面的氧同位素成分是连续和逐渐的变化的，而且与岩石类型无关，氧同位素亏损岩石产出的最大深度为3320m。这个深度之下的岩石均具有正常变质岩的氧同位素值。（3）氧同位素明显亏损的变质岩大多出现在正、副片麻岩及其与榴辉岩的互层带。（4）榴辉岩矿物大多具有平衡的氧同位素分异，大多数高压和低压石英脉体具有与它们的围岩类似的氧同位素成分。（5）利用石英．石榴石氧同位素温度计，所获得的榴辉岩变质温度为598～909℃，片麻岩的变质温度为550～786℃。基于这些事实，并结合氧同位素亏损变质岩在地表和浅钻孔中的广泛分布，可以得出以下重要结论：（1）在苏鲁造山带，有大量的表壳岩石与巨量的寒冷气候下的大气降水发生过交换作用，这为新元古代全球冰期的存在提供了重要证据。（2）许多呈厚层产出的花岗质片麻岩具有正常变质岩的氧同位素成分，并缺少超高压变质作用证据。（3）在大陆深俯冲和折返过程中，只存在通道式的水-岩相作用和非常有限的流体活动，与高压退变质有关的流体是原地形成的。（4）新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解环境下形成的双峰式岩浆活动为大气降水与表壳岩之间的热液蚀变提供了热源。 相似文献
7.
石榴石微区化学组成与结构关系及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
恢复岩石的变质作用温度-压力轨迹,重建造山过程中地壳岩块的俯冲(加热)和折返(冷却)过程,是构造地质研究的一个重要方向。石榴石是一种Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn等的固溶体矿物,它可以在各类岩石和非常宽的p-T条件下出现,且容易形成化学成分环带,石榴石这种环带反映了与变质作用相对应的构造热演化阶段。目前研究岩石构造热演化一个常 相似文献
8.
对苏鲁超高压变质带内诸城桃行地区榴辉岩及其花岗片麻岩围岩进行了单矿物氧同位素组成分析和锆石U-Pb定年。氧同位素组成显示出不均一亏损~(18)O的特征。石英-石榴石等高温矿物对的氧同位素温度为600～950℃,指示它们在榴辉岩相变质条件下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡。而部分石英-长石和白云母-金红石等矿物对的氧同位素温度为350～570℃,指示它们在峰期变质之后的角闪岩相退变质过程中达到并保存了同位素退化交换再平衡。锆石氧同位素组成低达-1.3‰～4.2‰,对这种低δ~(18)O值进行锆石U-Pb定年,分别得到762～834Ma的原岩年龄和202～249Ma的变质年龄。因此,桃行低δ~(18)O值锆石形成于新元古代(700～800Ma)的低δ~(18)O值岩浆。这种低δ~(18)O值岩浆是由于变质岩原岩经历新元古代高温大气降水热液蚀变后再部分熔融所形成。对于在角闪岩相退变质之后保存了封闭体系的花岗片麻岩样品(石英-长石矿物对温度为355～405℃),石榴石在榴辉岩相变质温度下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡(石英-石榴石矿物对温度为685℃),指示石榴石中Sm-Nd体系在同样的变质务件下也达到了平衡。因此,花岗片麻岩中石榴石-斜长石-全岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄215±11Ma与锆石变质边的三叠纪年龄(202～249Ma)一样,代表了榴辉岩相峰期变质后的冷却年龄。而花岗片麻岩中石英-钾长石和石英-斜长石矿物对处于氧同位素不平衡状态,同时钾长石和斜长石相对于样品中其它矿物异常亏损~(18)O,指示在角闪岩相退变质之后体系曾经开放,岩石受到低~(18)O流体在低温和中温下(200～400℃)的热液蚀变。这种奈件下矿物氧同位素的退化交换是由表面反应机制控制,与Nd的扩散机制不同,因此氧同位素平衡无法制约Sm-Nd矿物等时线的有效性。 相似文献
9.
中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔734～933m岩芯矿物的氧同位素和羟基含量研究 总被引：3，自引：8，他引：3
中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD)主孔位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部的东海县毛北村。本文主要研究深度分别为734.21m～737.16m(Ⅰ)和929.67m～932.86m(Ⅱ)两段榴辉岩与片麻岩互层的主孔岩芯，利用激光氟化法和Fourier变换红外光谱技术分别进行矿物的氧同位素组成和结构羟基含量分析。氧同位素分析表明，两段岩芯的榴辉岩中石榴石的δ^18O分别为 1.0‰～ 3.8‰和-4.1‰～-3、3‰，两段岩芯的片麻岩中石榴石的δ^18O均低达-4‰。表明片麻岩和榴辉岩的原岩均在经历超高压变质作用之前一同遭受过古大气降水的高温热液蚀变作用。在第1段岩芯的榴辉岩和片麻岩接触界线附近发现氧同位素交换前锋，指示板块折返过程中靠近片麻岩的榴辉岩与主要来自片麻岩的退变质流体发生流体-岩石交换，且其退变质程度主要受流体的迁移距离控制。红外光谱分析研究表明，所有石榴石都含有以OH形式存在的结构水，其含量的变化范围很大，为50～776ppm；绿辉石中OH含量范围为321～1636ppm；石英中含有以3596cm^-1为特征峰的结构水，但是含量很少。将剖面氧同位素和结构羟基含量的分析结果相结合，我们发现石榴石和绿辉石等矿物的氧同位素组成随着深度的变化与对应矿物的OH含量具有一定的相关性。这证明板块折返过程中的高压退变质作用及其伴生的局部流体活动可能是造成超高压变质矿物之间氧同位素不平衡的主要原因，并且氧同位素不平衡的程度主要受退变质作用发生时的局部水/岩比控制。因此，在深俯冲板块折返过程中，名义上无水矿物中结构水的出溶可以是退变质流体的重要来源。 相似文献
10.
胶北荆山群富铝岩系石榴石扩散环带特征及其成因指示意义 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过详细的微区成分测定，发现胶北荆山群富铝岩系中石榴石普遍发育扩散环带，但扩散环带的发育程度及样式很不均匀，明显受与其相邻矿物的控制。与黑云母接触时，石榴石晶体边部的镁含量最低，环带最为发育，与堇青石接触时次之，与长英质矿物接触时则环带发育较弱或不发育。这种特征的石榴石扩散环带样式与传统认识有很大差异，反映降温过程中石榴石与黑云母等镁铁矿物之间的Fe-Mg交换作用主要是通过彼此接触的界面来实现，粒间流体对组分的传输作用有限。但是当岩石中黑云母大量存在而石榴石含量又较低时，由于体系水活度增高，粒间流体也会传输一定的Fe、Mg组分，导致与长英质矿物相邻的石榴石晶体边部发育微弱的扩散环带。通过分析，确定粒径大于1500斗m的石榴石晶体核部可以保存变质峰期的平衡成分，基质中远离石榴石等镁铁矿物处于长英质矿物之间的大颗粒黑云母颗粒核部也基本可以保存变质峰期的平衡成分。 相似文献
11.
Yilin Xiao Zeming Zhang Jochen Hoefs Alfons van den Kerkhof 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(4):443-458
In order to reconstruct the formation and exhumation mechanisms of UHP metamorphic terrains, the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) has been carried out in Donghai of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, East China. Eclogite, gneiss, amphibolite (retrograded from eclogite), ultramafic rocks, and minor schist and quartzite have been drilled. Aiming to reveal the fluid behaviour in a vertical sequence of an UHP slab, we investigated fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope characteristics of selected drillcores from the main hole and the pilot-holes PP2 and ZK 703 of the CCSD. More than 540 laser-ablation oxygen isotope analyses on garnet, omphacite, quartz, kyanite, amphibole, phengite, rutile, epidote, amphibole, plagioclase, and biotite from various rocks in the depth range of 0–3,000 m (mainly eclogite and gneiss) show that the investigated rocks can be divided into two groups: 18O-depleted rocks (as low as δ18O = −7.4‰ for garnet) indicate interaction with cold climate meteoric waters, whereas 18O-normal rocks (with bulk δ18O > +5.6‰) have preserved the O-isotopic compositions of their protoliths. Meteoric water/rock interaction has reached depths of at least 2,700 m. Oxygen isotope equilibrium has generally been achieved. Isotopic compositions of mineral phases are homogeneous on a mm to cm scale regardless of lithology, but heterogeneous on the scale of a few metres. Oxygen isotope distributions in the vertical sections favour an “in situ” origin of the UHP metamorphic rocks. The very negative δ18O eclogites usually have higher hydroxyl-mineral contents than the normal δ18O rocks, indicating higher water content during UHP metamorphism. Fluid inclusion data suggest that rocks with depleted 18O compositions have had different fluid histories compared to those with normal δ18O values. Rocks with depleted 18O mainly have primary medium-to-high salinity inclusions in omphacite, kyanite and quartz, and abundant secondary low-salinity or pure water inclusions in quartz, indicating a high-salinity-brine-dominated fluid system during peak UHP metamorphism; no carbonic inclusions have been identified in these rocks. By contrast, primary very high-density CO2 inclusions are commonly found in the rocks with normal δ18O values. These observations suggest that fluid and oxygen isotope composition of minerals are related and reflect variable degrees of alterations of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks. 相似文献
12.
Separate lead isotope analyses of leachate and residue fractions are applied to a broad spectrum of rocks commonly investigated in metallogenic studies. Resulting data highlight a systematic behavior of leachate and residue fractions with respect to lead isotope compositions, which essentially depends on the mineralogical composition of the rock. Granitoid and high-grade metamorphic rocks have residue compositions virtually identical to common lead. In contrast, low-grade metasedimentary rocks may have residue compositions swamped by radiogenic lead of leach-resistant zircons. Mafic magmatic rocks have residues that are often more radiogenic than leachates, depending on the ratio of leach-refractory zircons to common lead in the residual fraction of these rocks. Separate leachate and residue analyses of source rocks provide two lead isotope end members whose mixture may represent lead with the appropriate ore fluid composition. Our leaching experiments indicate that hot acid solutions (and by inference hydrothermal fluids) preferentially leach radiogenic lead from medium- to high-grade metamorphic and granitoid rocks, whereas they preferentially leach common lead from low-grade metasedimentary and mafic magmatic rocks. The method presented in this study provides a reliable alternative to other methods (i.e., age-correction of bulk-rock compositions) for the determination of the common lead signature of felsic to intermediate magmatic rocks. This may be preferable to age-corrected bulk-rock analyses, where ages to apply for corrections of bulk-rock data are not known or where moderately to highly altered rocks must be used. Case studies of orogenic gold and MVT districts of Peru (Pataz and San Vicente, respectively) show that separate leachate and residue lead isotope analyses carried out systematically on whole rocks allow a more thorough evaluation of metal source reservoirs than does the standard method of age-corrected or uncorrected bulk-rock analyses. 相似文献
13.
Abstract Oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses have been made of coexisting quartz, ilmenite, muscovite, and biotite from Late Precambrian metapelitic rocks, staurolite-kyanite to K-feldspar-muscovite-sillimanite zones, from Mica Creek, British Columbia. The δ18 O and †D values of these minerals are generally uniform and do not decrease significantly with increasing metamorphic grade. This implies that there has not been significant infiltration of deep crustal, possibly magmatic, fluids into the metapelites that has been suggested for other high-grade metamorphic terranes. The uniformity of oxygen isotope compositions of the Mica Creek metapelite rocks may reflect isotopic uniformity in the sedimentary protolith rather than widespread exchange with an isotopically homogeneous metamorphic pore fluid.
Temperature estimates based upon18 O exchange thermometry for samples below the sillimanite zone are in reasonable agreement with the results of garnet-biotite Fe–Mg exchange thermometry. In the higher grade rocks, the oxygen isotope and garnet-biotite thermometry yield results which disagree by about 100°C. The highest temperatures recorded by oxygen isotope thermometry, 595°C, are at least 60°C below the minimum temperatures required by phase equilibria. These discrepancies appear to result from pervasive equilibrium retrograde exchange of oxygen isotopes between coexisting minerals. In addition, there are problems with calibration of garnet-biotite thermometry at higher temperatures. Retrograde oxygen isotope exchange may be a general characteristic of high-grade metamorphic rocks and oxygen isotope thermometry may not usually record peak metamorphic temperatures if they significantly exceed 600°C. 相似文献
Temperature estimates based upon
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(13):1443-1463
Fluid inclusions hosted by quartz veins in high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project main drillhole have low, varied hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD?=??97‰ to??69‰). Quartz δ18O values range from??2.5‰ to 9.6‰; fluid inclusions hosted in quartz have correspondingly low δ18O values of??11.66‰ to 0.93‰ (T h?=?171.2～318.8°C). The low δD and δ18O isotopic data indicate that protoliths of some CCSD HP-UHP metamorphic rocks reacted with meteoric water at high latitude near the surface before being subducted to great depth. In addition, the δ18O of the quartz veins and fluid inclusions vary greatly with the drillhole depth. Lower δ18O values occur at depths of ～900–1000 m and ～2700 m, whereas higher values characterize rocks at depths of about 1770 m and 4000 m, correlating roughly with those of wall-rock minerals. Given that the peak metamorphic temperature of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks was about 800°C or higher, much higher than the closure temperature of oxygen isotopes in quartz under wet conditions, such synchronous variations can be explained by re-equilibration. In contrast, δD values of fluid inclusions show a different relationship with depth. This is probably because oxygen is a major element of both fluids and silicates and is much more abundant in the quartz veins and silicate minerals than is hydrogen. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid inclusions is evidently more susceptible to late-stage re-equilibration with silicate minerals than is the hydrogen isotope composition. Therefore, different δD and δ18O patterns imply that dramatic fluid migration occurred, whereas the co-variation of oxygen isotopes in fluid inclusions, quartz veins, and wall-rock minerals can be better interpreted by re-equilibration during exhumation. Quartz veins in the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic terrane are the product of high-Si fluids. Given that channelized fluid migration is much faster than pervasive flow, and that the veins formed through precipitation of quartz from high-Si fluids, the abundant veins indicate significant fluid mobilization and migration within this subducted continental slab. Many mineral reactions can produce high-Si fluids. For UHP metamorphic rocks, major dehydration during subduction occurred when pressure–temperature conditions exceeded the stability of lawsonite. In contrast, for low-temperature eclogites and other HP metamorphic rocks with peak metamorphic P–T conditions within the stability field of lawsonite, dehydration and associated high-Si fluid release may have occurred as hydrous minerals were destabilized at lower pressure during exhumation. Because subduction is a continuous process whereas only a minor fraction of the subducted slabs returns to the surface, dehydration during underflow is more prevalent than exhumation even in subducted continental crust, which is considerably drier than altered oceanic crust. 相似文献
15.
碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩矿物-水氧同位素交换反应动力学 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对黑龙江碾子山碱性花岗岩的全岩及其主要单矿物进行了氧同位素分析，结果表明，全岩和单矿物不仅δ^18O 值变化范围较大（全岩－2．4－2．0‰，石英0．0－5．8‰，碱性长石－3．8－0．1‰，磁铁矿－8．5－1．0‰），而且强烈亏损^18O。共生矿物之间表现出明显不平衡的氧同位素分馏特征，指示在花岗岩侵位之后与水之间发生了同位素交换，根据锆石和现代大气降水的氧同位素组成，对岩石与外来流体的δ^18O值进行了估计，多维矿水－岩反应时限约为0．3－3Ma，水／岩比（氧摩尔比）介于0．11－1．02之间。水－岩反应温度较高（约400度）和反应时间较长是导致石英δ^18O值降低的主要原因。 相似文献
16.
Silica mobility and fluid movement during metamorphism of the Connemara schists, Ireland 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
Quartz veins are developed in a wide range of metasediment types in the upper amphibolite facies rocks of Connemara, and attest to considerable migration of silica. Contrary to common assumptions, there is clear evidence that these veins do not primarily result from movement of fluid to regions of lower P–T down the regional geothermal gradient. Under amphibolite facies conditions, a dilute chloride fluid moving down temperature has the potential to alter 60g of plagioclase to muscovite for each gram of vein quartz precipitated, while cooling over the temperature interval from 650 to 500° C. The absence of significant metasomatic effects in the vein walls effectively precludes a simple origin from such through-flowing, externally derived fluids. The oxygen isotopic composition of matrix quartz shows considerable differences between different rock types (quartzite, pelite and marble), with a range of δ18OSMOW from c.+ 11.5% (quartzite) to + 18.5% (marble). In each rock type, vein quartz compositions closely match those of the matrix quartz. These results demonstrate the importance of local segregation processes in the formation of veins, and suggest that fluid convection cells were not developed during metamorphism on a scale larger than the individual sedimentary formations, if at all. Both oxygen isotope data and the absence of metasomatism indicate that veins form primarily by segregation of quartz from the host lithologies, with only a relatively minor component of through flow of externally derived fluid. Veins are clearly not the major pathways of metamorphic dewatering. It is proposed that abundant veins in the predominantly pelitic Ballynakill Formation formed during peak metamorphic D3 folding because the formation was embrittled by high fluid pressures but was capped by impermeable marble. Hence the pelitic formation fractured repeatedly and the pore fluid drained through the fractures to form veins, while irreversible loss through the rest of the succession was a much less important process. In the central mountains of Connemara, rather pure, unreactive quartzites are cut by widely spaced, laterally extensive quartz veins that are axial planar to D3 folds. These veins may mark pathways whereby metamorphic fluid made its way through the massive impermeable quartzite from lower parts of the nappe pile, but here too, oxygen isotope data indicate considerable segregation of locally derived quartz, reflecting the importance of pumping of fluid between wail rocks and fractures relative to the component of through flow. 相似文献
17.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies were carried out on high and ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the eastern Dabie Mountains, China. The δ18O values of eclogites cover a wide range of −4.2 to +8.8‰, but the δD values of micas from the eclogites fall within a narrow range of −87 to −71‰. Both equilibrium and disequilibrium oxygen isotope fractionations were observed between quartz and the other minerals, with reversed fractionations between omphacite and garnet in some eclogite samples. The δ18O values of −4 to −1‰ for some of the eclogites represent the oxygen isotope compositions of their protoliths which underwent meteoric water–rock interaction before the high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. Heterogeneous δ18O values for the eclogite protoliths implies not only the varying degrees of the water–rock interaction before the metamorphism at different localities, but also the channelized flow of fluids during progressive metamorphism due to rapid plate subduction. Retrograde metamorphism caused oxygen and hydrogen isotope disequilibria between some of the minerals, but the fluid for retrograde reactions was internally buffered in the stable isotope compositions and could be derived from structural hydroxyls dissolved in nominally anhydrous minerals. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Petrological, oxygen isotope and 40Ar/39Ar studies were used to constrain the Tertiary metamorphic evolution of the lower tectonic unit of the Cyclades on Tinos. Polyphase high-pressure metamorphism reached pressures in excess of 15 kbar, based on measurements of the Si content in potassic white mica. Temperatures of 450–500° C at the thermal peak of high-pressure metamorphism were estimated from critical metamorphic assemblages, the validity of which is confirmed by a quartz–magnetite oxygen isotope temperature of 470° C. Some 40Ar/39Ar spectra of white mica give plateau ages of 44–40 Ma that are considered to represent dynamic recrystallization under peak or slightly post-peak high-pressure metamorphic conditions. Early stages in the prograde high-pressure evolution may be documented by older apparent ages in the high-temperature steps of some spectra. Eclogite to epidote blueschist facies mineralogies were partially or totally replaced by retrograde greenschist facies assemblages during exhumation. Oxygen isotope thermometry of four quartz–magnetite pairs from greenschist samples gives temperatures of 440–470° C which cannot be distinguished from those deduced for the high-pressure event. The exhumation and overprint is documented by decreasing ages of 32–28 Ma in some greenschists and late-stage blueschist rocks, and ages of 30–20 Ma in the lower temperature steps of the Ar release patterns of blueschist micas. Almost flat parts of Ar–Ar release spectra of some greenschist micas gave ages of 23–21 Ma which are assumed to represent incomplete resetting caused by a renewed prograde phase of greenschist metamorphism. Oxygen isotope compositions of blueschist and greenschist facies minerals show no evidence for the infiltration of a δ18O-enriched fluid. Rather, the compositions indicate that fluid to rock ratios were very low, the isotopic compositions being primarily controlled by those of the protolith rocks. We assume that the fundamental control catalysing the transformation of blueschists into greenschists and the associated resetting of their isotopic systems was the selective infiltration of metamorphic fluid. A quartz–magnetite sample from a contact metamorphic skarn, taken near the Miocene monzogranite of Tinos, gave an oxygen isotope temperature of 555° C and calculated water composition of 9.1%. The value of δ18O obtained from this water is consistent with a primary magmatic fluid, but is lower than that of fluids associated with the greenschist overprint, which indicates that the latter event cannot be directly related to the monozogranite intrusion. 相似文献
19.
榴辉岩相峰期流体活动：来自东昆仑榴辉岩石英脉的证据 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
本文通过对东昆仑温泉地区榴辉岩中石英脉的锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素的综合研究,为榴辉岩相峰期变质阶段的流体活动提供了一定的证据。石英脉中的锆石晶型较好,具有振荡环带或弱分带,排除了从寄主榴辉岩中捕获锆石的可能性。石英脉和寄主榴辉岩中锆石U-Pb年龄的加权平均值分别为450±2Ma和451±2Ma,说明石英脉中锆石的形成年龄与榴辉岩相的峰期变质阶段一致。两种锆石Hf同位素组成的相似性说明形成石英脉的流体/熔体为内部来源,推测可能为榴辉岩中石英发生溶解以及绿辉石和石榴石分子结构中羟基的出溶作用形成。锆石较低的U、Th含量以及Th/U比值说明石英脉更可能是流体活动形成而非熔体。 相似文献
20.
内蒙古金厂沟梁金矿床稳定同位素组成和矿床成因讨论 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
稳定同位素的研究对于分析矿床成因、阐明成矿物质来源等具有重要意义。金厂沟梁金矿成矿流体的同位素组成与本区变质岩、岩浆岩的同位素组成具有非常密切的关系,成矿流体的H、O、C、S同位素特征继承了本区变质岩、岩浆岩的H、O、C、S同位素特征,它们的δ18O、δD、δ13C、δ34S值具有相似的变化范围,其同位素的变化规律表明变质岩是本区成矿物质的母岩。本区岩浆构造活动频繁,为成矿物质活化提供了动力条件。成矿模式为本区太古宙变质岩经过多次活化,使成矿物质逐步聚集,到了燕山晚期,岩浆期后热液活动将成矿物质带到构造有利部位聚集形成了金矿床,因此,该矿床属重熔岩浆热液型矿床。 相似文献