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1.
同位素地质年龄标准样的建立,是一项重要的基础工作,它在检查和比较各种实验流程,衡量各种定年方法的可信度,标定同位素稀释剂等方面,都是必不可少的。从1977年初开始,我国同位素地质标准样小组着手建立K-Ar法标准样。为了外检,笔者曾将ZBH-25黑云母、ZBJ角闪石带到澳大利亚国立大学地球科学院进行测定。这两个样品的K-Ar稀释法年龄、40Ar/39Ar坪年龄及40Ar/39Ar等时年龄的一致性表明,这些矿物结晶以后,未受过热的挠动,也不存在过剩氩,是作标准样的理想样品。本文还介绍样品中放射成因40Ar的析出特征,并指出40Ar可能有两种存在状态,它们各具不同的晶格能。 相似文献
2.
地球大气圈中40Ar/36Ar的现代比值被公认为295.5,在利用K-Ar法测定地球物质年龄时,它是校正大气氩混染量的重要参数。陨石中原始捕获(trapped)的(40Ar/36Ar)t比值是否和地球大气圈中氩同位素丰度相一致,这个问题不但在地质年龄测定中具有现实意义,而且对探索太阳系的形成和演化也有重要理论价值。近十几年,随着质谱分析技术的提高以及登月计划的实施,国外出现了一批有关月岩中氩同位素原始组分的资料,但至今对陨石中原始氩同位素丰度的报道很少。笔者采用40Ar/39Ar快中子活化技术和约克方程[3,4],对吉林陨石雨2号标本进行了原始捕获的(40Ar/36Ar)t比值进行了测定,并探讨了它的地质意义。 相似文献
3.
常规的K-Ar法是基于40K通过K-层电子捕获衰变成40Ar*这一机理,应用衰变定律而定年的。它具有测定对象广、测定年龄范围大等优点,是同位素地质定年的主要方法之一。但是,由于40Ar*是气体,当岩石、矿物形成以后受到搅动时(如岩浆的侵入、构造活动、宇宙物质的冲击等),40Ar*容易丢失,使年龄值偏低。1962年由Sigurgeirsson提出的,后经Merrihue、Turner等人逐步完善的40Ar-39Ar快中子活化定年技术,很好地克服了K-Ar法的局限性。40Ar-39Ar定年分为两种:一是全熔融法(total fusion),样品被快中子照射后一次加热熔融,然后计算年龄,此值与常规K-Ar法结果相当;另一种是阶段加热法(step-heating),被照射的样品从低温到高温被逐步加热,分别计算各温度阶段的40Ar/39Ar视年龄,并进而得到一条年龄谱和一个坪年龄(plateau age)。后一种方法对研究地质体是否受过热的挠动、岩石矿物的早期结晶年代、后期热挠动次数、热挠动年代、岩石矿物对氢的保存性、过剩氩的存在状态等具有独特作用,它开辟了同位素地质年代学的一个新领域。本文将着重介绍应用40Ar-39Ar阶段加热技术研究地球物质及陨石受热历史的某些成果。 相似文献
4.
核反应35Cl(n,γ)36Cl和37Cl(n,γ)38Cl的最终产物36Ar和38Ar,对40Ar-39Ar定年影响不可忽视,尤其是在测定某些含K量低的沉积成因矿物时更为重要。本文介绍含Cl样品的40Ar-39Ar定年技术及全部数据处理步骤,以及ppm级K、Ca、Cl含量的测定及计算方法。 相似文献
5.
本文报导了对12个日本“火成岩系列”岩石标准样品的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值和Rb、Sr含量的测定结果。Rb、Sr含量采用同位素稀释法测定,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值单独取样经分离后由质谱计直接测量。对NBS-987和NBS-607标准样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr单次测定的分析精度和重复分析的再现性均好于0.03％,NBS-607中Rb、Sr含量测定结果与证书值的最大偏差小于0.6％。直接测定日本“火成岩系列”岩石标样的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr,与同位素稀释法测定的结果吻合,用不同浓度的稀释剂在不同仪器上测定的Rb、Sr含量在实验误差范围内一致,表明测定的结果可靠。 相似文献
6.
作者对1973-1975年中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队和1975年中国登山队科考分队地质组,在西藏南部和珠穆朗玛峰（以下简称珠峰）地区采集的部分同位素地质年龄样品,经镜下鉴定,选择适宜者用钾氩法做了同位素地质年龄的测定,从而对本区广泛出露的岩浆岩和变质岩的时空分布特征加深了认识。在工作中钾是用火焰光度法测定的。放射成因氩的含量大部分是用体积法测定,小部分用以Ar38为稀释剂的稀释法测定。 相似文献
7.
有关143Nd/144Nd比值与各种岩石类型的稀土型式间的关系,近年来已为一些学者所注意。通过对大洋和大陆玄武岩及其它岩石的143Nd/144Nd的比值与稀土型式间关系的探讨,发现在轻稀土亏损的样品中,143Nd/144Nd比值有偏高的趋势;反之,在轻稀土富集的样品中,143Nd/144Nd比值则相应有偏低的趋势。如果以整个地球的Sm/Nd=0.308为标准,那么,Sm/Nd>0.308即为轻稀土亏损的类型,Sm/Nd<0.308即为轻稀土富集的类型。它们分别具有较高和较低的143Nd/144Nd比值。 相似文献
8.
9.
锶同位素已经成为国际考古学界用于探索人和动物迁移活动和食谱组成的主要方法。本文利用锶特效树脂(Sr-Spec), 建立了快速分离富集于人龋齿中的微量元素锶, 并测定87Sr/86Sr的有效方法。采用硝酸-高氯酸体系消解龋齿样品, 利用锶特效树脂(Sr-Spec)快速分离富集龋齿中微量元素锶(Sr), 最后采用IsoProbe-T固体热电离质谱计测定龋齿87Sr/86Sr同位素比值。实验结果表明, 不同年龄和性别龋齿牙釉质的87Sr/86Sr同位素比值在0.710935~0.711034之间较小区间范围, 基本趋于稳定, 说明生活在相同地质背景的人或动物, 其机体内Sr同位素比值接近。男性龋齿牙釉质87Sr/86Sr比值随着年龄的增长有微小的波动, 从0.710935升高到0.711031, 这些微小变化可能与样本人群的环境和生活习惯相关。 相似文献
10.
甘肃花牛山东钾长花岗岩40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄及其地质意义 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
对甘肃花牛山东复式花岗岩体中钾长花岗岩的钾长石进行了详细的40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定,11个加热阶段所获数据构成-条相关关系非常好的直线,其对应的等时线年龄为194.25±1.96 Ma(2σ).40Ar/36Ar初始值为288.87±2.17(2σ),接近于尼尔值(295.5).鉴于该岩体形成之后未受到明显的构造-岩浆活动或其它热事件的影响,因此,194 Ma代表了钾长花岗岩钾长石的形成时代.花牛山东钾长花岗岩是燕山早期构造-岩浆活动的产物.由此推断,花牛山地区构造-岩浆活动时间不是印支期,更不是海西期,而是中生代燕山早期. 相似文献
11.
A. Krabbenhöft F. Böhm J. Fietzke N. Augustin M.N. Müller C. Horn N. Nolte 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(14):4097-4109
We present strontium (Sr) isotope ratios that, unlike traditional 87Sr/86Sr data, are not normalized to a fixed 88Sr/86Sr ratio of 8.375209 (defined as δ88/86Sr = 0 relative to NIST SRM 987). Instead, we correct for isotope fractionation during mass spectrometry with a 87Sr-84Sr double spike. This technique yields two independent ratios for 87Sr/86Sr and 88Sr/86Sr that are reported as (87Sr/86Sr∗) and (δ88/86Sr), respectively. The difference between the traditional radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr normalized to 88Sr/86Sr = 8.375209) and the new 87Sr/86Sr∗ values reflect natural mass-dependent isotope fractionation. In order to constrain glacial/interglacial changes in the marine Sr budget we compare the isotope composition of modern seawater ((87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)Seawater) and modern marine biogenic carbonates ((87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)Carbonates) with the corresponding values of river waters ((87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)River) and hydrothermal solutions ((87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)HydEnd) in a triple isotope plot. The measured (87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)River values of selected rivers that together account for ∼18% of the global Sr discharge yield a Sr flux-weighted mean of (0.7114(8), 0.315(8)‰). The average (87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)HydEnd values for hydrothermal solutions from the Atlantic Ocean are (0.7045(5), 0.27(3)‰). In contrast, the (87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)Carbonates values representing the marine Sr output are (0.70926(2), 0.21(2)‰). We estimate the modern Sr isotope composition of the sources at (0.7106(8), 0.310(8)‰). The difference between the estimated (87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)input and (87Sr/86Sr∗, δ88/86Sr)output values reflects isotope disequilibrium with respect to Sr inputs and outputs. In contrast to the modern ocean, isotope equilibrium between inputs and outputs during the last glacial maximum (10-30 ka before present) can be explained by invoking three times higher Sr inputs from a uniquely “glacial” source: weathering of shelf carbonates exposed at low sea levels. Our data are also consistent with the “weathering peak” hypothesis that invokes enhanced Sr inputs resulting from weathering of post-glacial exposure of abundant fine-grained material. 相似文献
12.
SNYDER DARIN C.; WIDOM ELISABETH; PIETRUSZKA AARON J.; CARLSON RICHARD W. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(4):723-738
The processes operating in the development of chemical zonationin silicic magma chambers have been addressed with a Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–Thisotope study of the chemically zoned trachyte pumice depositof the Fogo A eruption, Fogo volcano, Azores. Sr isotopic variationis observed in whole rocks, glass separates and sanidine phenocrysts(whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr: 0·7049–0·7061; glass87Sr/86Sr: 0·7048–0·7052; sanidine 87Sr/86Sr:0·7048–0·7062). Thorium isotopic variationis observed in glass separates, with (230Th/232Th)o rangingfrom 0·8737 to 0·8841, and exhibiting a negativecorrelation with Sr isotopes. The Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic compositionsof the whole-rock trachytic pumices are invariant and indistinguishablefrom basalts flanking the volcano. The Sr isotope variationsin the whole rocks are proposed to be the result of three distinctprocesses: contamination of the Fogo A magma by assimilationof radiogenic seawater-altered syenite wall rock, to explainthe Sr and Th isotopic compositions of the glass separates;incorporation of xenocrysts into the trachytic magma, requiredto explain the range in feldspar Sr isotopic compositions; andpost-eruptive surface alteration. This study emphasizes theimportance of determining the isotopic composition of glassand mineral separates rather than whole rocks when pre-eruptivemagmatic processes are being investigated. KEY WORDS: Azores; open-system processes; Sr isotopes; trachytic pumices; zoned magma chambers 相似文献
13.
安徽歙县伏川的蛇绿岩套形成于中-晚元古宙,其Nd、Sr和O同位素组成是:εNd(T)=+0.7-+3.8,εSr(T)=+30.7-+53.9,δ18O=3.2-11.0‰。据地质学和同位素地球化学特征,该岩套位于杨子板块南缘、江南古岛弧的弧后小洋盆地轴部。εNd(T)值的变化是由于蛇绿岩形成过程中受到下伏不成熟硅铝质基底地壳的混染引起的;εSr(T)和δ18O的变化,是在蛇绿岩形成时或形成后不久遭受海水热液蚀变的结果。 相似文献
14.
Lithospheric Mantle Evolution during Continental Break-Up: The West Iberia Non-Volcanic Passive Margin 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
CHAZOT GILLES; CHARPENTIER SOPHIE; KORNPROBST JACQUES; VANNUCCI RICCARDO; LUAIS BEATRICE 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(12):2527-2568
Ultramafic (lherzolites, metasomatized peridotites, harzburgites,websterites and clinopyroxenites) and mafic igneous (basalts,dolerites, diorites and gabbros) rocks exposed at the sea-flooralong the West Iberia continental margin represent a rare opportunityto study the transition zone between continental and oceaniclithosphere. The igneous rocks are enriched in LREE, unlikeNorth Atlantic MORB. A correlation between their 143Nd/144Ndisotopic composition and Ce/Yb ratio suggests that they originatefrom mixing between partial melts of a depleted mantle sourcesimilar to DMM and of an enriched mantle source which may residewithin the continental lithosphere. Clinopyroxenes and amphibolesin the ultramafic rocks are LREE depleted and have flat HREEpatterns with concentrations higher than those of abyssal peridotites.Clinopyroxenes in the harzburgites are less LREE depleted buthave lower HREE concentrations. The clinopyroxenes in the GaliciaBank (GB) lherzolites have radiogenic Nd (143Nd/144Nd rangingfrom 0·512937 to 0·513402) and unradiogenic Sr(87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0·702100 to 0·702311)isotopic ratios similar to, or higher than, DMM (Depleted MORBMantle) whereas the clinopyroxenes in the Iberia Abyssal Plainwebsterites have low-Nd isotopic compositions (143Nd/144Nd rangingfrom 0·512283 to 0·512553) with high-Sr isotopicratios (87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0·704170 to 0·705919).Amphiboles in Galicia Bank lherzolites and diorites have Nd–Srisotopic compositions (143Nd/144Nd from 0·512804 to 0·512938and 87Sr/86Sr from 0·703243 to 0·703887) intermediatebetween those of the clinopyroxenes from the Galicia Bank andthe Iberia Abyssal Plain, but similar to the clinopyroxenesin the 5100 Hill harzburgite (143Nd/144Nd = 0·512865and 87Sr/86Sr = 0·703591) and to the igneous rocks (143Nd/144Ndranging from 0·512729 to 0·513121 and 87Sr/86Srranging from 0·702255 to 0·705109). The majorand trace element compositions of cpx in the Galicia Bank spinellherzolites provide evidence for large-scale refertilizationof the lithospheric upper mantle by MORB-like tholeiitic melts.The associated harzburgites did not undergo partial meltingduring the rifting stage, but, in earlier times, probably during,or even before, the Hercynian orogeny. Iberia Abyssal Plainwebsterites are interpreted as high-pressure cumulates formedin the mantle. Their high Sm/Nd ratios (from 0·43 to0·67) coupled with very low-Nd isotopic compositionsare best explained by a two-stage history: formation of thecumulates from the percolation of enriched melts long beforethe rifting, followed by low-degree partial melting of the pyroxenites,accounting for their LREE depletion. This last event probablyoccurs during the rifting episode, 122 Myr ago. The isotopicheterogeneities observed in the ultramafic rocks of the Iberiamargin were already present at the time of the rifting event.They reflect a long and complex history of depletion and enrichmentevents in an old part of the mantle, and provide strong argumentsfor a sub-continental origin of this part of the upper mantle. KEY WORDS: Iberia margin; mantle peridotites; igneous rocks; petrology; geochemistry 相似文献
15.
Intra-Grain Sr Isotope Evidence for Crystal Recycling and Multiple Magma Reservoirs in the Recent Activity of Stromboli Volcano, Southern Italy 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
FRANCALANCI LORELLA; DAVIES GARETH R.; LUSTENHOUWER WIM; TOMMASINI SIMONE; MASON PAUL R. D.; CONTICELLI SANDRO 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(10):1997-2021
Over the last several hundred years, Stromboli has been characterizedby steady-state Strombolian activity. The volcanic productsare dominated by degassed and highly porphyritic (HP-magma)black scoria bombs, lapilli and lava flows of basaltic shoshoniticcomposition. Periodically (about one to three events per year),more energetic explosive eruptions also eject light colouredvolatile-rich pumices with low phenocryst content (LP-magma)that have more mafic compositions than the HP-magma. An in situmajor and trace element and Sr isotope microanalysis study ispresented on four samples chosen to characterize the differentmodes of activity at Stromboli: a lava flow (1985–1986effusive event), a scoria bomb from the ‘normal’present-day activity of Stromboli (April 1984), and a scoriaand coeval pumice sample from a recent more explosive eruption(September 1996). Plagioclase (An62–90) and clinopyroxene(Mg-number between 0·69 and 0·91) phenocrystsin all samples record marked major element variations. Largeand comparable Sr isotope variations have been detected in plagioclaseand clinopyroxene. HP-magma crystals have resorbed cores, witheither high 87Sr/86Sr (0·70635–0·70630)or low 87Sr/86Sr (0·70614–0·70608); thelatter values are similar to the values of the outer cores.Mineral rims and glassy groundmasses generally have intermediate87Sr/86Sr (0·70628–0·70613). Similarly,mineral growth zones with three groups of 87Sr/86Sr values characterizeminerals from the LP-pumice, with the lowest values presentin mineral rims and groundmass glass. These results define amixing process between HP- and LP-magmas, plus crystallizationof clinopyroxene, plagioclase and olivine, occurring in a shallowmagma reservoir that feeds the present-day magmatic activityof Stromboli. An important observation is the presence of athird component (high 87Sr/86Sr in mineral cores) consideredto represent a pre-AD 1900 cumulus crystal mush reservoir situatedjust below the shallow magma chamber. These cumulus phases areincorporated by the LP-magma arriving from depth and transportedinto the shallow reservoir. A rapid decrease of 87Sr/86Sr inthe replenishing LP-magma immediately prior to eruption of theAD 1985 lava flow is associated with an increased volume ofLP-magma in the shallow magma chamber. The HP-magma in the shallowreservoir is not fully degassed when it interacts with the LP-magma,making efficient mixing possible that ultimately produces awell overturned homogeneous magma. Further degassing and crystallizationoccur at shallower levels as the HP-magma moves through a conduitto the surface. KEY WORDS: isotopic microsampling; mineral recycling; mixing; Sr isotope disequilibria; Stromboli 相似文献
16.
Major and trace element, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositionswere determined for whole-rock samples from the ‘isotopicallyanomalous’ Akagi volcano in the volcanic front of theNE Japan arc. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of phenocrystswere also analyzed together with their major and trace elementcompositions. Compared with the other volcanoes from the volcanicfront, the whole-rock isotope compositions of Akagi show highlyenriched characteristics; 87Sr/86Sr = 0·7060–0·7088, 相似文献
17.
Jean‐Michel Brazier Anne‐Dsire Schmitt Eric Pelt Damien Lemarchand Sophie Gangloff Tho Tacail Vincent Balter 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(2):331-348
This work presents new 87Sr/86Sr and δ88/86SrSRM987 isotopic values of thirteen mineral, vegetal and animal reference materials. Except for UB‐N, all our results are consistent with previously published data. Our results highlight intermediate precisions among the best presently published and a non‐significant systematic shift with the calculated δ88/86SrSRM987 mean values for the three most analysed reference materials in the literature (i.e., IAPSO, BCR‐2 and JCp‐1). By comparison with the literature and between two distinct digestions, a significant bias of δ88/86SrSRM987 values was highlighted for two reference materials (UB‐N and GS‐N). It has also been shown that digestion protocols (nitric and multi‐acid) have a moderate impact on the δ88/86SrSRM987 isotopic values for the Jls‐1 reference materials suggesting that a nitric acid digestion of carbonate can be used without significant bias from partial digestion of non‐carbonate impurities. Different δ88/86SrSRM987 values were measured after two independent Sr/matrix separations, according to the same protocol, for a fat‐rich organic reference material (BCR‐380R) and have been related to a potential post‐digestion heterogeneity. Finally, the δ88/86SrSRM987 value differences measured between animal‐vegetal and between coral‐seawater reference materials agree with the previously published results, highlighting an Sr isotopic fractionation along the trophic chain and during carbonate precipitation. 相似文献
18.
Compositionally heterogeneous basaltic centers from a varietyof tectonic environments, including Pisgah Crater in the MojaveDesert region of California, exhibit secular changes in theirchemistry that might be explained by the sequential meltingof ultramafic to mafic mantle sources. We have analyzed phenocrystsfrom alkali basalts and hawaiites erupted at Pisgah Crater toinvestigate the effects of open-system modifications imposedon basaltic systems. We present 87Sr/86Sr data for individualphenocrysts of amphibole and clinopyroxene and the first publishedresults of single olivine grains, in addition to plagioclase.Each mineral phase exhibits a range in Sr isotope compositionthat may only partially overlap the isotopic composition ofthe other mineral phases, suggesting an interplay between twomagmatic end-members that continued up to the time of eruption.Limited 87Sr/86Sr variability in minerals from early and intermediatelavas indicates only moderate syn-crystallization open-systemmodification, whereas minerals in late-erupted lavas have muchhigher 87Sr/86Sr, consistent with extensive open-system modification.Rimward increases in 87Sr/86Sr of plagioclase confirm that thesechanges occurred within the stability field of plagioclase and,therefore, at crustal or near-crustal depths. The major elementcompositions of olivine-hosted melt inclusions indicate thatan Al-rich component of andesitic composition (87Sr/86Sr 0·7056),possibly derived from plagioclase-rich cumulates or pelites,was assimilated by magma generated from asthenosphere or younglithosphere with 87Sr/86Sr 0·7038. The results clearlydemonstrate the utility of measuring the 87Sr/86Sr of individualminerals and indicate that Pisgah Crater basalts probably acquiredisotopically enriched geochemical signatures from crustal contamination,rather than from mixing of heterogeneous mantle melts. KEY WORDS: assimilation; basalts; melt inclusions; minerals; Sr isotopes 相似文献
19.
Hong-Chun Li Teh-Lung Ku Hai Cheng Zhi-Bang Ma Mung-Dar Li 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(16):3933-3947
Limestone cave deposits (speleothems) provide archives for past changes in regional climates over a range of timescales. While δ18O and δ13C in speleothem calcite have been commonly used for reconstruction of paleoclimates, we report here further efforts in the use of 87Sr/86Sr and Sr/Ca signals in speleothem calcite to deduce paleomonsoon variability near the Loess Plateau of central China. A two end-member mass-balance model of concentration and isotopic composition of strontium in a cave system is used to estimate variation of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in sediments overlying a limestone cave. We show that this ratio reflects climate-driven variations in the provenance and the extent of chemical weathering of the epikarstic sediments. The measurements of 87Sr/86Sr made on a well-dated stalagmite, SFL, from Buddha Cave (33o40N′ 109o05′E) show ratios of 0.71092 to 0.71133 (±0.00001 as 2σ) during relatively cold periods (e.g., Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b, 5d, and 8), lower than ratios of 0.71133 to 0.71194 during relatively warm periods (e.g., MIS 5a, 5c, 5e, and 7). As changes in the Sr/Ca ratio may affect speleothem 87Sr/86Sr, we show that the direct use of speleothem 87Sr/86Sr is less ideal than our modeled 87Sr/86Sr for the exogenic Sr source above the cave as a paleomonsoon proxy. Using the δ18O, δ13C, Sr/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr records of the stalagmite, we reconstruct the variability of the East Asian monsoon for the time period between 70 and 280 kyr ago. The results show that summer monsoons were more intense during interglacial periods than during glacial periods. 相似文献