共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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土壤墒情传统监测方式主要采用人工观测方式,近些年来,随着信息化技术的快速发展,信息自动化采集技术逐步应用到土壤墒情的自动监测中。本文结合新疆阿勒泰地区土壤墒情自动监测数据和实测土含数据,建立两者多元自回归方程,对自动监测墒情数据进行修正。结果表明:误差修正前,墒情自动监测点误差呈非正态分布,存在明显误差,而修正后,土壤墒情自动监测数据的精度可提高20%～30%,满足测墒误差要求。 相似文献
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土壤墒情是反映旱情最直接的重要指标,土壤水分是植物水分的直接来源,决定着植物的生长状况的好坏,因此测量土壤水分有着重要的实际意义。近年来,随着抗旱工作的全面深入开展,土壤水分监测工作日益得到重视,土壤水分自动监测仪器逐步推广应用,但由于水利系统开展土壤水分自动监测较晚,对其工作原理认识不足。本文在概述土壤水分常用监测技术方法基础上,较为系统的介绍了频域反射法(FDR)和时域发射法(TDR)工作原理,以及有关数学公式,评述了主要监测技术方法的优缺点,并对今后有关工作开展提出了建议。 相似文献
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影响固定埋设式墒情自动监测数据准确度的因素较多,通过对固定埋设式墒情监测仪器特点和使用方法的分析研究,提出正确操作与管理方法,经实践检验,按此操作可有效提高自动墒情监测数据的准确度。 相似文献
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W. J. McGUIRE 《Geology Today》1991,7(5):181-187
1990 saw the start of a major international research initiative aimed at the development of a better understanding of how active volcanoes behave and of the threat that some pose to life and property, with a view to reducing the effects of volcanic disasters in the 1990s. The initiative forms part of a multidisciplinary approach devoted to reducing natural disasters of all kinds in the last decade of the millenium, designated by the United Nations as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). Critical to the success of the initiative is the development and utilization of better volcanic surveillance programmes. These will be partly based on the use of established techniques such as seismic and ground-deformation monitoring, but will increasingly incorporate more innovative methods such as satellite remote sensing and the measurement of microgravity and micromagnetic changes. 相似文献
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Timothy O. Lawrence Chad T. Ritter Janos Gergely 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(5):919-926
Over fifty percent of our nation’s 560,000-plus bridges are obsolete or structurally deficient. To upgrade or replace these
structures would require a serious budget. In order to shorten this list of bridges and to improve their ratings, state DOTs
are investigating new repair techniques and better performance evaluation tools in order to implement the new drive to sustainability
within the infrastructure. The research presented herein focused on the evaluation of current US bridge analysis and rating
procedures for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). To evaluate these procedures, several bridges were
rated with commercially available software and a newly developed spreadsheet program. In parallel, the bridges were also load
tested for comparison, from which, it was concluded that the NCDOT’s bridge rating software directly follows the latest AASHTO
requirements. The experimental results, however, also proved that the bridges had significant strength reserves associated
to several factors, such as, girder/deck composite action, impact and distribution factors, material strength, and contribution
of non-structural elements. In this research, a simplified bridge testing protocol was developed from which it was concluded,
that a relatively simple instrumentation setup could be effective in the load rating of bridges through testing. The data
gathered through these instruments provide vital performance data for normal traffic conditions, as well as during extreme
loading conditions and evacuations, which could lead to less restrictive load ratings and removal of the structurally deficient
classification, yielding a more sustainable structure. 相似文献
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海入水侵的动态监测指标研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文经多次试验，在大量实测数据基础上，首次提出监测海水入侵发展的两项明确指标，即以特征离子比值为主体的水化学监测指标和电阻率，充电率为主体的物探监测指标，同时，对指标间的相互对应关系及应用事项进行了具体阐述。 相似文献
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Florent Brenguier Daniel Clarke Yosuke Aoki Nikolai M. Shapiro Michel Campillo Valérie Ferrazzini 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2011,343(8-9):633-638
In this article, we summarize some recent results of measurements of temporal changes of active volcanoes using seismic noise cross-correlations. We first present a novel approach to estimate volcano interior temporal seismic velocity changes. The proposed method allows to measure very small velocity changes (≈ 0.1%) with a time resolution as small as one day. The application of that method to Piton de la Fournaise Volcano (La Réunion Island) shows velocity decreases preceding eruptions. Moreover, velocity changes from noise cross-correlations over 10 years allow to detect transient velocity changes that could be due to long-lasting intrusions of magma without eruptive activity or to pressure buildup associated to the replenishing of the magma reservoir. We also present preliminary results of noise cross-correlation waveform perturbation associated with the occurrence of dike injection and volcanic eruption. We show that such an analysis leads us to locate the areas of dike injection and eruptive fissures at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano. These recent results suggest that monitoring volcanoes using seismic noise correlations should improve our ability to forecast eruptions, their intensity and thus potential environmental impact. 相似文献
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