共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 190 毫秒
1.
正在发展的全球海洋生态系统动态研究计划（GLOBEC） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人类赖以生存的地球环境正在以前所未有的速度发生变化。预计在今后的年代里,人类活动的影响幅度将大于自然界的影响幅度。因此,80年代以来,研究全球变化就成为国际科学活动的重要内容之一。由于海洋作为地球水圈的主体,在地球气圈、水圈、岩石圈和生物圈的相互作用中,起着控制地球表面环境和生命特征的作用,因而产生了许多与海洋科学有关的大型国际合作研究计划,如国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)中的全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)、海岸带海陆相互作用(LOICZ)、全球海洋真光层研究(GOEZS)、热带海洋与全球大气计划(TOGA),全球海洋环流实验(WOCE),海洋科学与生物资源(ISLR)和全球海洋 相似文献
2.
大气沉降对海洋初级生产过程与氮循环的影响研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大气沉降通过为海洋提供外源性氮、磷和铁等微量元素,可显著影响海洋氮、碳循环过程,并产生气候效应。一方面促进海洋初级生产和生物固氮,增强海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力;另一方面影响海洋氮、碳循环路径,增加海洋生物源气溶胶排放量,间接影响气候变化。由于大气沉降对海洋生态系统及气候变化的重要影响,相关科学问题已成为海洋科学与大气科学交叉研究的热点,被多个国际研究计划列为核心研究内容。在大气污染物排放持续增加与沙尘事件频发的背景下,大气沉降对我国东部陆架海(黄海、东海)及其邻近西北太平洋碳、氮循环过程的影响日趋增强,因此该海区已成为大气沉降及其气候影响研究的代表性海域。结合分子生物学和实验生态学手段理解大气沉降影响下的海洋初级生产过程,利用同位素示踪技术研究大气沉降对海洋氮循环的影响,以及获得大气沉降影响下海洋生物源气溶胶排放的观测证据将是未来研究的重点方向。 相似文献
3.
海洋硅循环是海洋生物地球化学循环的关键过程之一,对调控全球二氧化碳浓度、海洋酸碱度和多种元素(氮、磷、铁、铝等)的循环具有重要作用。在当今气候变化和人类活动影响日益增强的背景下,硅循环与“生物泵”及碳循环的紧密联系,是其成为地球科学领域研究热点的主要原因。海洋中硅的外部来源主要为河流、地下水、大气沉降、海底玄武岩风化作用和海底热液输送5个途径,在全球气温变暖趋势的影响下,极地冰川融化成为高纬度海域不可忽视的硅源。生物硅在沉积物中的埋藏、硅质海绵和生物硅的反风化作用是重要的海洋硅移除过程。海洋硅循环过程复杂,受生物(生物吸收、降解)、物理(吸附、溶解)和化学(矿化分解和反风化作用)多重因素的影响,针对海洋硅循环关键过程的研究有助于综合评估海洋硅的“源-汇”和收支。本文总结了海洋硅循环的主要过程及海洋硅的收支,根据国际和国内研究现状讨论了当前海洋硅循环研究中面临的主要问题和挑战。现有研究成果显示,海洋硅的外源输入和输出通量比以往的评估分别增加了2.4和2.2倍。在短时间尺度内(<8 ka),全球海洋中硅的收支大致平衡,海洋硅循环基本处于稳定状态。气候变化和人类活动导致河流输送至陆架边缘海的硅通量发生变化,可能影响硅藻等海洋浮游植物种群结构,是未来海洋硅循环研究需要关注的问题之一。陆架边缘海较高沉积速率和强烈的反风化作用提高了该区域生物硅的埋藏效率,准确评估该区域生物硅的埋藏通量仍是亟须解决的难题。目前的研究评估了全球海洋浮游硅藻、硅质海绵以及放射虫生产力,而海洋底栖硅藻生产力的贡献受到忽视,未来需要关注底栖硅藻对生物硅的贡献及其在海洋硅的生物地球化学过程中的作用。 相似文献
4.
海洋科学研究15年回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 海洋科学的研究对象和主要任务海洋科学是一门认识海洋的科学。海洋科学不仅研究巨大的海洋水体部分 ,也研究 :海岸带、河口和滨海湿地———通过这里淡水连续不断地进入海洋 ;海洋与大气界面———这里发生着海气间物质和能量的交换 ;海水和沉积物界面及海底岩石圈等。由于海洋的观测难度大且花费高 ,海洋学家始终致力于大力发展快速、高效和先进的观测仪器和技术 ,并且依托海洋科学调查船、卫星和自动观测系统 (如锚系浮标等 )实施海洋观测。海洋科学主要研究海洋中的物理过程、生物过程、化学过程和地质过程及其相互作用。其分支学科… 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
海洋温度的变化对地球气候变化的影响至关重要.研究海洋的冷循环和热循环规律,及其对全球气候变化的影响,具有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
海洋大气相互作用是近代地球科学中发展极为迅速的重要科学问题。它以研究地球上两部分流体,即海洋与大气之间的物质(包括水分、CO_2盖份和其它气体和微粒)、能量(包括热量)和动量交换,以及由此而产生的海洋和大气的热状况和运动状况之间的相互影响,相互制约的关系。 按照时间和空间尺度,可以将海气相互 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
As an important bridge between the underlying surface and the free atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer is not only closely related to the development of various weather processes, but also plays a key role in local and regional weather and climate changes. In view of the complexity of the atmospheric boundary layer, the numerical simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer has always been a hotspot and difficulty in the numerical simulation research of the atmosphere. In this paper, the three numerical model development stages of the atmospheric boundary layer in recent decades were summarized and the important advances in arid and semi-arid areas, Tibet Plateau, urban complex underlying surface, and special typhoon boundary layer were reviewed. At present, there are still five scientific problems to be solved urgently, including cloud and boundary layer interaction, boundary layer parameterization, model resolution, boundary layer data assimilation and boundary layer development mechanism. Moreover, it was pointed out that in this field we need to strengthen the understanding of different types of atmospheric boundary layer processes, boundary layer bottom and top interface exchange, boundary layer development mechanism in special regions, improve boundary layer parameterization scheme and give full play to the advantages of LES in boundary layer simulation. 相似文献
12.
干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层研究进展 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层不仅与气候、生态、水资源密切相关,而且影响我国气候格局和东亚大气环流,是一个十分重要的研究领域,近20多年已取得了比较系统的研究进展.从干旱区陆面热力和水分过程特征、干旱区大气边界层结构特征、干旱区陆面过程参数及其参数化公式、非均匀下垫面大气边界层理论、干旱城市大气边界层特征与污染机理等方面归纳总结了干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层领域取得的部分研究进展.并且,认为科学试验的代表性、复杂下垫面的影响、尺度转化、地表能量不平衡、极端天气过程的相互作用、水分过程的复杂性等问题是干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层研究领域的突出问题和未来研究重点. 相似文献
13.
南极海冰与气候 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在极区,海冰的形成在海洋上部和大气下部之间构成了新的交界面,改变了大洋表面的辐射平衡和能量平衡,隔离了海洋与大气之间的热交换和水汽交换;海冰冻融过程影响着大洋温、盐流的形成和强度;海冰对南大洋和南极大陆气象、气候有重要的影响,在气候环境系统中起着重要的作用。南极海冰作用区约占南半球雪冰作用区面积的58%,约占地球表面积的3.58%。其中,一年生海冰约占南极海冰区分布面积的83%;其分布面积从夏末2月份最小时的3×106 km2左右,到9月份冬末最大时的18×106 km2左右,一年中季节变化幅度可达15×106 km2,季节变化率>500%。海冰分布区域的年际变化较大。南极海冰区是影响季节和年际全球气候环境变化的重要区域。当前,国际南极海冰与气候研究的核心问题是海冰物理过程和在海冰区的海洋—大气相互作用。结合目前承担的研究课题,对国际南极海冰与气候研究的前沿动态和相关的国际计划进行了综述。 相似文献
14.
迎接大气科学发展即将到来的新飞跃 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
一门学科中新的事实的发现、新的观测手段和新技术的应用都会引发新理论,从而促进这门学科一个大发展。大气科学发展的历史,就是沿上述道路前进的。近10多年来,对大气、海洋、陆面、生物和冰雪圈进行了大规模、四维的观测,获得了海量的资料。同时,组织了丰富多彩的多项国际和地区的研究计划。通过对观测资料的深入分析和研究,必将发现许多新事实和新现象。这是大气科学即将到来的一个飞跃时期的事实基础。
展望未来10~20年大气科学重大发展,预估将会有多方面的重大突破。新事实和新现象将催生大气科学新理论出现;对气候系统中各种过程的深入了解,巨型计算机的发展,使得新气候环境模式将会出现;这将是一个集地球系统中物理、化学和生物学等自然过程和人类社会经济活动的综合的模拟系统;对于人类生活环境有重大影响的气候突变现象的发生发展机理的了解将会比现在前进一大步;能够发现一些气候突变的阈值和一些气候突变的前期信号;对于未来气候的稳定性、极端气候的发生、海平面升高的程度都将会有比较确切的回答;气候预测的精度也将大大提高。 相似文献
15.
Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is an important marine biogenic gas and can be released into atmosphere through sea air gas exchange. The oxidants of DMS in atmosphere are the main compounds of pristine marine sulphate aerosols and would affect the global climate change finally. Almost all the atmospheric DMS, about 90%, comes from the ocean. The southern ocean, which consists about 20% of the whole ocean area, is one of the largest atmospheric DMS sources. In contrast with the other oceans, the Southern Ocean appears great spatial and temporal variability of surface seawater DMS. In addition, there are the complex hydrography system, variable sea ice condition and various biologic activities in the Southern Ocean as to make survey and understand DMS as well as its controlling factors most difficult. Moreover, it is significant to integrate the DMS sea ice exchange processes and its controlling factors studies. In order to develop survey and research on the sea air DMS exchange and biogeochemistry processes, estimate methods of the sea air DMS fluxes will be reviewed, characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of surface seawater DMS will be discussed and the sea air DMS flux in the Southern Ocean will be assessed. Finally, major controlling factors of DMS sea air DMS processes will also be analyzed. 相似文献
16.
The GISP2, central Greealand, glaciochemical series (sodium, potassium, ammonium,calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrate and chloride) provides a unique view of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the history of atmospheric circulation over much of the Northern Hemisphere. Interpretation of this record reveals the controls on both high and low frequency climate events of the last 110 000 years.Changes in insolation on the order of the major orbital cycles control the long-term behavior of atmospheric circulation patterns through changes in ice volume (sea level) and related positive feedbacks.Events such as the Heinrich events (massive discharges of icebergs first identified in the marine record)are found to operate on a 6 100 year cycle due largely to the lagged response of ice sheets to changes in insolation and consequent glacier dynamics Rapid climate change events (massive reorganizations of atmospheric circulation) are demonstrated to operate on 1 450 year cycle possibly in response to internal oscillations in the ocean-atmosphere system or due to changes in solar output. Changes in insolation and associated positive feedbacks related to ice sheets assist in explaining favorable time periods and controls on the amplitude of these massive rapid climate change events.Comparison of the GISP2 glaciochemical series with an ice record from Taylor Dome in Antarctica indicates considerable similarity suggesting that both polar regions experience marked changes in climate. While preliminary evidence points to similar phasing of several major climate events in the two polar regions exact phasing cannot as yet be determined, because dating of Antarctic ice core records is not as well-established as the dating for Greenland ice cores. 相似文献
17.
G. S. Bhat S. Ameenulla M. Venkataramana K. Sengupta 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(2):229-237
The atmospheric boundary layer characteristics observed during the BOBMEX-Pilot experiment are reported. Surface meteorological
data were acquired continuously through an automatic weather monitoring system and manually every three hours. High resolution
radiosondes were launched to obtain the vertical thermal structure of the atmosphere. The study area was convectively active,
the SSTs were high, surface air was warm and moist, and the surface air moist static energy was among the highest observed
over the tropical oceans. The mean sea air temperature difference was about 1.25‡C and the sea skin temperature was cooler
than bucket SST by 0.5‡C. The atmospheric mixed layer was shallow, fluctuated in response to synoptic conditions from 100
m to 900 m with a mean around 500 m. 相似文献
18.
The Kuroshio Extension （KE） is the key area where the water heats the atmosphere in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in winter. Previous studies show that the active eddies in the KE area can affect sea surface temperature and thus sea surface winds. The present study reviewed the progress about the influences of the eddies on local atmosphere in recent years. Analysis and comparison were made especially for the achievements from shipboard sounding data, satellite observations and numerical experiments. Based on the geostrophic adaptation theory involved in atmospheric anomalies induced by the eddies, the following new scientific deductions were suggested: Air pressure adjustment mechanism dominated in the atmospheric response to eddies under the conditions of weaker wind speed over the eddies. The influence of eddies was often limited in the atmospheric boundary layer. On the other hand, vertical mixing mechanism played a major role in the response of the atmosphere to warm (cold) eddies when air moved faster over the eddies. Surface wind speed increased (decreased) over the warm (cold) water. Significant wind convergence took place downwind the warm water, and large amount of water vapor was transported also downwind from the warm water surface. The positive feedback between water vapor condensation and rising air forced by the surface convergence provided necessary conditions for the development of strong convection in atmosphere. These deductions will be conducive to further depicting the impact of oceanic eddies on the atmosphere quantitatively. 相似文献
19.
S. P. Ghanekar V. R. Mujumdar P. Seetaramayya U. V. Bhide 《Journal of Earth System Science》2003,112(2):283-293
Surface meteorological parameters acquired during the field phase experiment, BOBMEX-99, for the stationary periods (SP I
and II) of the ship ORV Sagar Kanya over Bay of Bengal have been analysed. Active and weak monsoon conditions were observed
during the first and the second phase of the experiment respectively over India as well as over the stationary ship location.
The phase mean sea surface temperature (SST) is found to be the same in both the phases, however large differences have been
observed in the phase mean values of wind speed, mean sea level pressure, latent heat and momentum fluxes at air-sea interface.
Synoptic scale monsoon disturbances formed only during the period of strong north-south pressure gradient over the Bay region.
Events of prominent fall in SST and in the upper 15 m ocean layer mean temperature and salinity values during typical rainfall
events are cited. The impact of monsoon disturbances on ocean-atmosphere interface transfer processes has been investigated. 相似文献
20.
内蒙古半干旱草原土壤植被大气相互作用(IMGRASS)综合研究 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：37
为深化对中纬半干旱草原气候生态相互作用过程、机制及其对全球变化的响应与贡献的认识 ,一项名为“内蒙古半干旱草原土壤植被大气相互作用 (IMGRASS)”的基金重大项目于 1997—2 0 0 1年在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原执行。IMGRASS计划在 1998年草原生长季节、在所选定的以典型草原为主 ,包括草甸草原、稀疏沙地草原等在内的中尺度试验区开展了多点、多要素的综合观测。观测内容包括土壤、植被、大气的相关要素和发生于地气界面的潜热、感热通量 ,还包括N2 O ,CH4 ,CO2 等微量气体交换量、辐射与降水分布。除 1998年中尺度观测试验外 ,在 1999— 2 0 0 1年在代表性地点进行了微量气体收支、遥感和沙尘天气相关的专项观测 ,结合草原站已进行的长期监测资料 ,分析气候生态长期相互作用 ,特别是人类活动干预的影响。在分析观测结果的基础上 ,对该地区的气候生态相互作用进行了数值模拟研究。文章作为介绍IMGRASS计划的第一部分 ,对该项研究计划作一全面简要介绍 ,包括科学目标、计划实施实验区背景、中尺度综合观测 ,并对实验所得大气边界层结构、辐射通量、沙地土壤水份状况、地表反射率谱与遥感测量等提供了个例分析 ,并简单介绍IMGRASS数据库。有关与全球变化有关的几个方面的初步研究结果将在本期刊中另文进行 相似文献