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V. F. Saltykov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(5):409-418
Analysis of terminology used for the aluminous rocks shows expediency of the application of term “allite” for the whole group
of aluminous rocks. However, irregular behavior of Al in the natural setting calls for the identification of two principally
different groups: typical bauxites of different genetic classes and chemogenic allites (chemallites). Taking into consideration
the mineral and chemical compositions and geological constraints of these rocks, their typification is refined and some corrections
are introduced into the terminology. Allites are divided into the following types: chemogenic bauxites of the Moscow region
and Birilei area; supergene sulfate allites of Siberia and the Zhigulevsk area; volcanogenic sulfate allites of the Zaglik
area; aluminous argillizites; and metamorphogenic allites. In terms of the chemical and mineral compositions and technological
properties, chemogenic allites of the first two types are rather similar to sedimentary bauxites with a small boehmite admixture.
In mineralogical diagrams, they mainly correspond to the clayey bauxite field. 相似文献
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桂西地区铝土矿为典型喀斯特型,包括二叠系沉积型和第四系堆积型两亚类。堆积型铝土矿是沉积型铝土矿经抬升、破碎、风化,最后堆积于喀斯特洼地中形成。以平果教美铝土矿为研究对象,探索堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物的变化与元素迁移。沉积型矿石的矿物组成包括硬水铝石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿及少量针铁矿、金红石和高岭石;堆积型矿石的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、锐钛矿、高岭石及少量三水铝石和鲕绿泥石。转化过程中堆积型矿石中的硬水铝石含量明显增加,鲕绿泥石含量明显减少。沉积型铝土矿的主要化学组成为Al2O3、SiO2、FeO和TiO2;堆积型为Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2和Fe2O3。两类矿石中元素Zr 、Ba、Nb、V含量均较高,稀土总量变化大,富集轻稀土。质量平衡计算表明堆积型铝土矿形成过程中Al、Ba、Sr、Y等元素增加,而Si、Fe、Ti、Nb、V、Ce等元素减少,其余元素变化不明显。 相似文献
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铝土矿地质与成因研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
[摘 要]我国铝土矿矿产时空分布广,类型多样,铝土矿地质与成因研究对促进铝土矿地质学发展有重要意义。本文从铝土矿矿床分类、铝土矿的矿体形态与内部结构、矿体层序、物质组成、物质来源、成矿环境和成因机制等方面,综述了国内外铝土矿地质学的研究进展,阐释了我国铝土矿的部分特征,提出了近年我国铝土矿研究的部分新方法与观点;应用铝土矿中碎屑锆石U-Pb 和Lu-Hf 同位素特征, 判识了多个喀斯特型铝土矿集中区的物质来源,提出多数喀斯特型铝土矿多具有异源特征,与区域重大地质事件具有成因联系,是洋陆俯冲、大陆漂移以及集中风化等多因耦合的结果。提出了我国喀斯特型铝土矿迁移机制,认为华北板内铝土矿(山西、河南) 成因机制主体为“离子结晶与碎屑沉积冶综合成因;而华南铝土矿(贵州、广西)成因机制主体为“离子结晶冶成因。 相似文献
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铝土矿是化学风化作用的细粒终极产物,与强烈的化学风化作用密切相关。根据母岩的类别及作用过程,风化作用进一步分为铝硅酸盐岩强化学风化形成的红土化作用和碳酸盐岩强化学风化形成的钙红土化作用。在强烈的化学风化过程中,地表的原始沉积物(母岩)的原生矿物发生溶蚀、水解、水化、碳酸化、氧化,破坏原始的矿物结构,形成新的细粒矿物(主要是黏土质矿物)。在适合的地质条件下,持续的强烈化学风化作用会造成大部分活动的元素(如K、Na、Ca、Mg、Si)的流失与Al的残留富集从而形成铝土矿。现在观察到的沉积型铝土矿,虽然与古风化壳具有密切联系,但沉积型铝土矿多数是由沉积过程搬运到沉积盆地中所形成的强化学风化产物的沉积层,与古风化壳的残坡积层具有显著差别,只有少数工业价值不大(品位低、品质差)的残坡积相铝土矿。铝土矿含矿岩系的沉积环境与铝土矿(尤其是高品位、高品质的铝土矿)的成矿环境不尽相同。铝土矿主要形成于暴露于大气中的陆表环境(而非水下环境),由地下水淋滤作用形成(在渗流带由活动元素流失、Al等稳定元素残留富集而成)。本研究在铝土矿成矿作用分析等基础上,提出了以铝土矿沉积物等物源和沉积、成矿作用为依据的中国铝土矿床分类方案,包括原地或准原地残坡积物成因的红土型和喀斯特型,和异地物源沉积成因的沉积型。 相似文献
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Subaerial leaching process of sedimentary bauxite and the discussion on classifications of bauxite deposits 
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下载免费PDF全文 Bauxite is the ultimate fine-grained products of chemical weathering,and thus it is closely linked with the intense chemical weathering. Based on variations of parent rock and weathering processes,the weathering products can be subdivided into laterite and terra rossa,of which the former is formed by weathering of aluminosilicates and the latter is produced by the weathering of carbonates. During the intense chemical weathering,minerals in original subaerial sediments(parent rocks)would suffer a series of processes(dissolution,hydrolyzation,hydration,carbonation,and oxidation)and be destroyed or transformed,leading to formation of new minerals. In the favorable environment,continuously intense chemical weathering would cause the loss of most mobile elements(e.g., K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si)and the enrichment of Al,resulting in the formation of bauxite. Although sedimentary bauxites are closely linked with the weathering curst,they show obvious differences in formation processes. Sedimentary bauxites are composed of intense chemical weathering products that are transported from outside of the basin and re-deposited in the basin,while most weathering crusts are transformed from saprolite and/or deluvium in-situ,and they can only form low-grade bauxites. Sedimentary environments also differ in bauxite ore layers and bauxitic claystone layers. Bauxite ore layers are formed in the subaerial environment and controlled by the leaching process of groundwater in the vadose zone. Based on the analysis of bauxitization,this study proposes to use multiple parameters,such as provenance,sedimentation and mineralization,to build the new classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. In this classification,lateritic and karstic types of bauxite deposits are autochthonous or parautochthonous saprolite and/or deluvium,while sedimentary type is dominated by heterochthonous provenance. 相似文献
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An attempt is made to reveal a geochemical compatibility with paleoenvironment to understand the genesis of bauxite deposits that are derived from two different parent rocks. For this purpose two in situ bauxite profiles, one developed over basalt and another over sandstone, have been taken. Gibbsite is the major mineral in all these bauxites with minor occurrences of goethite, hematite, anatase, kaolinite, etc. From the study it is evident that the paleoenvironment and geochemical processes are vital factors that could lead to the formation of bauxites. The significance of this is fully discussed. 相似文献
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黔东南铝土矿含矿岩系镁铝铁结构及地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黔东南铝土矿赋存于下二叠统梁山组,其含矿岩系具有沉积型铝土矿典型的"煤-铝-铁结构",即下部发育铝质页岩夹菱铁矿结核,中部由含铝岩组夹多层豆状或土状铝土矿组成,上部由碳质页岩、砂岩夹煤层组成。沉积环境为海陆交互相-滨海边缘沼泽相,具有稳定的构造背景。通过含矿岩系物质组成结构分析和元素地球化学研究认为:"煤-铝-铁结构"在铝土矿中的普遍出现,是沉积型铝土矿在矿化过程中物理化学环境多变导致的深度去硅去铁作用,加之外部环境提供充足的有机质物质来源,从而形成的非偶然结果。因此,含矿岩系的分层结构形成过程中的物理化学变化所导致的多种地质异常可作为找矿实践中的成矿标志。 相似文献
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The Early Cambrian, Middle and Late Devonian, Middle and Late Carboniferous, Permian, Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, Late Cretaceous,
Paleocene-Eocene, and Miocene epochs of bauxite formation have been the most productive. They lasted for no less than 10 Ma.
The scope of bauxite deposition of various epochs is shown in the diagram, and the present-day localization of Cenozoic, Mesozoic,
and Paleozoic bauxites is depicted in separate maps. The Cenozoic bauxite deposits are located in tropical and subtropical
zones of the Southern and Northern hemispheres. The Mesozoic deposits occur in the Northern Hemisphere as far north as 50°N,
and the Paleozoic deposits, as far north as 70°N. Palinspastic reconstructions show that during all the aforementioned epochs,
bauxites were deposited at paleotropical latitudes. The current localization of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic bauxites at high
latitudes up to the Polar Circle is caused by continental drift to the north in the Phanerozoic. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(2):186-194
Bauxite occurrences of the Lower Cambrian carbonate complexes have been reviewed for the first time. Five Lower Cambrian bauxite shows have been geologically defined: in the southwestern part of Gornaya Shoriya, in Salair, and in the Kuznets Alatau. The distribution of the bauxite-bearing horizons in the stratigraphic range from the base of the Aldan stage to the top of the Lena stage has been faunally defined; the most significant of them (the Kayashkan show) lies on the boundary between the stages. Most of the bauxite shows display a number of common features of ore localization: association with thick (500–1500 m) sequences of arch aeocyathid-algal limestones of coastal-marine facias, a repetition of manifestation of bauxite-bearing horizons in the section of the surrounding carbonates, and geologic environments that controlled the juxtaposition in plan of the productive carbonate sequences and the outcrops of the earlier. often volcanogenle, aluminosilicate rocks, which could be formed during the bauxite-ore epochs of the source of supply of aluminum. Allites, slallites, and low-module bauxites predominate in the shows. Indirect features of bauxite occurrence in poorly outcropping regions are: the presence of dissemination halos of diaspore and fragments of brown ironstone (varieties of ferruginous bauxites) in the friable cover above the bauxites. A number of promising areas in the Kuznets Alatau, Gornaya Shoriya, Salair, and the Altay have been recommended for reconnaissance exploration of the Lower Cambrian bauxites.—Author 相似文献
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位于遵义铝土矿带中部的后槽矿区,受NE-SW向岩溶盆地控制,溶盆内分布有众多形态各异的中、小型溶洼、溶坑和溶沟,在这些溶蚀洼地中,沉积了下石炭统九架炉组的铝土矿含矿岩系。其中主要有似泥石流沉积、沼泽、泥炭沼泽沉积和洪泛漫流沉积。似泥石流沉积物与沼泽、泥炭沼泽沉积物多次交替重叠,构成了多个沉积旋回,表明沉积环境发生过多次周期性变化。似泥石流沉积和洪泛漫流沉积,是形成铝土矿的主要沉积作用。洪泛漫流沉积形成的、覆盖全区所有溶蚀洼地的铝土矿体最为重要,称为"主流面状矿体"。"主流面状矿体"形成之后,本区原始的红土风化壳物质向九架炉组铝土矿含矿岩系沉积物的转变阶段即告终结。铝土矿含矿岩系的形成,主要是在各种溶蚀洼地中陆相复合沉积作用的结果。 相似文献
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N. Özlü 《Mineralium Deposita》1983,18(3):469-476
This work deals with a concise but comprehensive study of trace-element distribution in the bauxite deposits of Mediterranean belt. Although the alloctonous and mainly detritic characters of several “karst bauxite” deposits are well established, their parent rock has remained largely enigmatic. Evidence is available that some chemical elements, notably Zr, Cr and Ga are largely immobile during the weathering and diagenesis and study of such trace-elements in “karst bauxites” permits to make an approach to the lithological nature of their parent rocks. It is shown, by reference to analyses of bauxites from Mediterranean areas, that all the deposits studied are aligned from a Cr rich pole related to ultramafics to another pole rich in Ga and Zr contents and in genetical relation with acidic parent rocks. The results obtained by this way have been controlled by application of “trace-element accumulation coefficient” which permits to distinguish four principal zones of bauxite derived from the parent rock of different lithological characters (Fig. 3). 相似文献
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山西孝义铝土矿扫描电镜研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱仪研究了山西孝义铝土矿的微观形态和结构,并与国内其他几个铝土矿略作比较。认为孝义铝土矿可分为四个地质层位,多层微观形态和结构具有明显特征。C层是一水硬铝石最富集的一层,其晶体发育程度不及河南新安铝土矿,但比广西平果铝土矿中的一水硬铝石晶体略为完整。 相似文献
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J. Nicolas 《Mineralium Deposita》1968,3(1):18-33
Résumé En de nombreux secteurs du Sud-Est de la France, des brèches séparant la bauxite de son mur, des fossiles et des figures de sédimentation ont été découverts, au sein même de la bauxite: ces éléments prouvent que le minerai ne s'est pas formé au lieu même où on le trouve aujourd'hui. C'est un sédiment qui s'est déposé en milieu aqueux, sous forme de bauxite déjà constituée, après avoir subi un transport, en milieu aqueux également. Une étude pétrographique détaillée montre que ce transport s'est effectué par étapes au cours desquelles la bauxite a continué à subir le phenomène de latéritisation. Les bauxites sont le vestige d'anciens profils de latérite-bauxitique, ferrugineux et alumineux, cuirassés, qui ont été démantelés. La répartition verticale des différents niveaux de bauxite montre qu'ils peuvent, souvent, constituer des profils inversés de latérites primaires dont on peut interpréter le dépôt à la faveur de la théorie de la bio-rhéxistasie de H. Erhart. Les bauxites ont été piégées par des sédiments de nature lithologique et d'âges divers, qui constituent leurs toits et auxquels elles passent progressivement, ce qui confirme leur caractère sédimentaire.
In numerous areas of the South East of France breccias separating bauxite from its wall, fossiles and sedimentation textures have been discovered right in the bauxite, which prove that the ore has not been formed in the site where found now. It is a sediment which was deposited in aqueous flow. A detailed petrographic study demonstrates that this transportation has been made in different stages, the bauxite continuing to undergo the process of lateritization. The bauxites are the remnants of former profiles of ferruginous and aluminous laterites-bauxites which have been crustified and destroyed. These profiles are former laterite profiles which have been inverted. Their formation may be interpreted through the bio-rhexistasie theory of H. Erhart. The bauxites have been buried by sediments of different ages and composition which form their roofs and into which they pass progressively. This confirms their sedimentary nature.相似文献
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桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿是第四纪萨伦托型铝土矿的矿源层,但是其具体成矿地质过程并不清楚.在矿带东部平果矿田1∶5万区域地质调查基础上,针对性地对二叠纪铝土矿床进行了合山组含铝岩系基本层序、铝土矿成矿物质来源、古喀斯特地貌对铝土矿的控制作用及含铝矿物生成顺序的研究,并阐述了该类型铝土矿从源岩风化到搬运沉积的具体成矿过程.综合前人研究成果,提出桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿的四阶段成矿模式,分别为孤立台地隆升接受火山喷发沉积物阶段、原地深度风化阶段、积水潜育化阶段和埋藏成矿阶段. 相似文献
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我国主要硫矿床类型及成矿若干规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国硫矿资源丰富多采,有自然硫、硫化氢、硫铁矿、石膏、明矾石等。对于这些矿产中的主要矿床类型地质特征总结归纳,显然将有助于提高地质理论水平和扩大找矿远景。成矿规律是成矿地质条件的全面反映,矿质来源则为成矿地质的前提和物质基础。本文拟从物质来源探索出发,提出以下硫矿床的分类方案。 相似文献
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I. Valeton 《Mineralium Deposita》1974,9(2):169-173
In the Northern foreland of Guyana-shield bauxites rest on basement or on Tertiary sediments. They are of Eocene age and represent very porous gibbsite rocks, which are free of quartz and feldspar and which contain only traces of kaolinite. They are covered by Tertiary sediments. The overburden in Guyana consist of the white sands of the Montgomery-Formation and in Surinam of Feldspar bearing sands of the Cosewyne Formation. A late diagenite to epigenetic resilicification which progressed from the bauxite surface into the substratus can be observed at several places in Guyana and Surinam. This resilicification has already been described by Aleva (1965) and by van der Marel (1960 in Montagne 1964). Time and mechanism of this resilification process is of interest. The Eocene foreland bauxite of Surinam and Guyana has been kaolinitizised along joints and fissures upon supply of silicic acid derived from weathering of the sedimentary overburden. At the same time detrial grains of quartz and feldspar have been flushed in from above. The resilicification is thus younger than the sediments on top. 相似文献