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昆仑山口第四纪化石组合的生态环境分… 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
最近从昆仓山口地区的羌塘组，三岔河组及格尔木阶地采集了一些第四纪生物化石样品，这些生物化石包括一些哺乳类动物的牙齿，昆虫类，植物苇，藁类茎干化石以及大量双壳类和腹足类化石，化石生态组合的比较研究和埋藏学研究提供了有意义的沉积环境变迁和古气候的信息，据此推断昆仑山在上新世一早更新世的海拔高度估计在７００～１５００ｍ早，中更新世之交昆仑山迅速地大幅度抬升至３０００～３５００ｍ左右，此后昆仑山相对缓慢地 相似文献
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最近从昆仑山口地区的羌塘组、三岔河组及格尔木河阶地采集了一些第四纪生物化石样品，这些生物化石包括一些哺乳类动物的牙齿、昆虫类、植物苇、藁类茎干化石以及大量双壳类和腹足类化石．化石生态组合的比较研究和埋藏学研究提供了有意义的沉积环境变迁的古气候的信息，据此推断昆仑山在上新世－早更新世的海拔高度估计在７００～１５００ｍ；早、中更新世之交昆仑山迅速地大幅度抬升至３０００～３５００ｍ左右，此后昆仑山相对缓慢地持续上升至目前高度 相似文献
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在云南省腾冲县上新统芒棒组发现了保存较好的被子植物化石密脉鹅耳枥Carpinus m io-fangianaHu et Chaney。该种化石曾在我国山东山旺组有过报道,当前化石在叶形及叶脉特征上都和山旺的标本非常相似。进一步分析了化石叶片的角质层微细构造特征,并结合叶结构分析提高了对化石植物分类鉴定的准确性。基于化石Carpinusm iofangiana与现生植物Carpinus fangiana在生态环境及其结构特征上的相似性,将Carpinus fangiana作为化石的现生对应种进行对比,并统计二者的气孔密度和气孔指数,用气孔比率的方法推测上新世的大气CO2浓度为464×10-6,基本上与Berner全球碳平衡模型GEOCARB III中CO2浓度变化曲线上的数值一致,说明C.m iofangiana叶片可以作为古大气CO2浓度变化的生物指标。最后通过化石和现生叶片角质层的对比分析推断滇西地区上新世时气候比现在温暖湿润。 相似文献
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首次在山西新荣地区晚白垩世助马堡组发现了巨型蜥脚类恐龙股骨化石。通过详细观测该股骨化石的保存状态、保存长度和股骨近端最大长度,估算该股骨化石实际长度约1.9 m,该蜥脚类恐龙体长可能超过30.0 m。在对化石层沉积相和古流向分析的基础上,分析了该股骨化石的埋藏环境。助马堡组为一套规模大、弯曲度高、水动力强的曲流河沉积,该蜥脚类恐龙死后在曲流河中经短—中距离搬运后被埋藏。新荣地区巨型蜥脚类恐龙股骨化石的发现,不仅扩大了晚白垩世巨型蜥脚类恐龙在中国北方地区的分布范围,同时对左云—新荣地区白垩纪古气候和古环境的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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高喜马拉雅地区聂拉木花岗岩快速抬升的裂变径迹证据 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
笔者对西藏高喜马拉雅地区聂拉木花岗岩样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹分析。聂拉木淡色花岗岩4个不同高程(395～4200m)的裂变径迹年龄范围为3.79±0.34～8.17±0.47Ma,混合花岗岩4个不同高程(3260～3720m)的裂变径迹年龄范围为0.85±0.09～1.71±0.34Ma。结合已有的热年代学资料,提出整个高喜马拉雅造山带在上新世—第四纪时为快速抬升期。 相似文献
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对北大西洋由低纬度到高纬度的深海钻探和大洋钻探计划 664、 659、 60 8、 60 9、 61 0共5个站位中的上新世以来钙质超微化石组合演变历史进行了研究。该化石组合的主要分子为Reticulofenestra和 Gephyrocapsa属的一些种类 ,以及 Pseudoemiliania lacunosa和 Emiliania hux-leyi两种。通过对该化石组合的定量分析 ,识别出该化石组合自上新世至全新世的 8个演化阶段。每一阶段的超微化石组合都具有独自的特征优势分子以及相应的地理差异。老优势种不断被新兴的优势种所取代 ,上新世的 Reticulofenestra被第四纪的 Gephyrocapsa所替换 ,Emilianiahuxleyi是现代海洋超微浮游生物的优势种。第四纪超微化石组合演化的特点还在于 ,其优势种由 P.lacunosa与 Gephyrocapsa属中一些种的频繁交替取代 ,并显示出比上新世化石组合明显加快的演化速度。根据这些变化可推知该组合的演变过程 :在上新世期间 ,由中新世延续来的分子 (如 Reticulofenestra,Discoaster和 Sphenolithus属 )的逐渐衰退和上新世新生分子 (如 P.lacunosa种和 Gephyrocapsa属 )的逐渐兴起 ,以及第四纪 Gephyrocapsa属内的迅速演化。这些演化过程导致了该化石组合的主要成分随时间迁移而不断更新。由组合中不同优势种及常见分子生态习性的不同而 相似文献
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<正> 笔者和黄宝玉、郭书元在山西榆社泥河和张村剖面采集了多门类化石,据腹足类动物群性质,对楼则峪组和张村组的地质时代提出看法。 楼则峪组:山西省地层表编写组(1979)在楼则峪组中所列的脊椎动物有维拉弗期(Villafranchian)的三门马Equus sammeniensis,山西轴鹿Axis shanius,步氏大角鹿Eucladoceras boulei,平额原齿象Archidiskodon planifrons。这次采集的孢粉经分析后,唐领余(1991)认为楼则峪组是亚热带成分完全消失,植物群的面貌呈现荒漠、荒漠草 相似文献
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青海茫崖地区侏罗系是柴达木盆地北缘含煤岩系的西北延伸部分,地处阿尔金山南麓山前坳陷.青海省煤田地质区划将其称为格斯煤田,中一下侏罗统是本区唯一的含煤地层.对植物化石组合1及植物化石组合2进行了种属和组合特征分析研究,通过与邻区生物地层的对比分析,植物化石组合1与枝脉蕨顶峰带(Cladophlebis Acme Zone)植物组合类似,时代大体相当于普林斯巴赫期.植物化石组合2与锥叶蕨顶峰带(Coniopteris Acme Zone)可进行对比,地质时代为巴柔—巴通期.通过对茫崖地区基本地层层序与植物化石组合的分析研究,进一步对该区成煤地质时代进行了讨论. 相似文献
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HOUYUAN LU NAIQIN WU XIANGDONG YANG CAIMING SHEN LIPING ZHU LUO WANG QUAN LI DEKE XU GUOBANG TONG XIANGJUN SUN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2008,37(2):254-262
In this study we examine the relationships between Abies and Picea abundance in surface pollen and sub-alpine coniferous forest (SCF) distribution, elevation and climate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a large modern pollen data set consisting of 857 samples. Results indicate that Abies and Picea pollen are abundant in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, where SCF dominates the landscape. Pollen percentages of both Abies and Picea show a unimodal pattern with changes in elevation and climate, and their optima occur at elevations from 2500 to 4000 m a.s.l., mean annual temperature from −1 to 10 °C and mean annual precipitation from 450 to 850 mm. The optimal elevation of Abies and Picea pollen distribution decreases with latitude from c . 4000 m in the south (21–32°N) to c . 2500 m in the north (43–49°N). The spatial pattern of Abies and Picea pollen abundance is highly correlated with the modern distribution of these taxa, which is largely controlled by elevation and climate. These relationships could provide a practical reference for interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of climate and elevation in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
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新疆库车库尔哈剖面两个新生代孢粉组合的时代和环境意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
库车盆地的新生界发育比较完整,笔者在库车县城北东方向约50km的库尔哈村西的河谷中测制了剖面。于66层的44号样和90层的50号样品中获得了两个孢粉组合。66层和90层皆属于康村组,两个样品之间相差约200m(真厚度)。在此之前,尚未见到有关康村组孢粉化石的报道。44号样的孢粉组合中被子植物花粉占绝对优势,含量高达94.5%,裸子植物花粉和蕨类植物孢子均少量出现。孢粉面貌反映以草原和灌丛为主的植被类型。50号样的孢粉组合中被子植物花粉占优势(66.5%),裸子植物花粉有较高含量(32.0%),蕨类植物孢子零星出现。孢粉面貌反映盆地周缘广泛分布有以松科为主的高山针叶林带。 相似文献
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The modern analogue technique (MAT) was applied to six pollen sequences from the Belledonne Massif (northwestern French Alps) to estimate the effect of altitude and local parameters on pollen‐based climate reconstruction during the Lateglacial and the early Holocene. The six sites (Le Vivier (345 m a.s.l.), Les Etelles (700 m a.s.l.), La Coche (980 m a.s.l.), Montendry (1330 m a.s.l.), Le Grand Leyat (1660 m a.s.l.), La Gouille (1800 m a.s.l.)) are located in different vegetation belts (mixed deciduous woods, conifer woods, alpine pastures with maple). The main vegetation changes in the past are recorded at each site. The evolution of four climate parameters (coldest month temperature, warmest month temperature, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) was quantitatively inferred from pollen data using MAT. The curves obtained were compared to the Les Etelles site, which was the least affected by non‐local pollen transport. The results show consistent trends for the climate parameters reconstructed at the different sites. However, the reconstruction does not indicate a decrease in temperature values related to the increasing elevation. Difficulties in reconstructing the altitudinal variations of climate parameters from pollen data during the periods studied are discussed and perspectives for improvement are considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Xiaozhong HUANG Gang ZHOU Yanlin MA Qinghai XU Fahu CHEN 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(2):174-180
The interpretation of the pollen records from lake sediments is always hampered by a lack of information relating to different
pollen production, transportation, deposition, and preservation. It is important to understand the modern process of pollen
sedimentation and its climatic implications. This paper presents results from a palynological study on 61 surface sediments
samples from Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China. Our results suggest that Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia dominate the modern pollen assemblages and have stable percentages at most sites of the lake basin except for the estuary
area. Pollen Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio is about 0.5, indicating the dry climate of the region. Principle Components Analysis (PCA) of pollen
data can identify the pollen samples as several ecological groups from different parts of the lake. Pollen transportation
dynamics and the mixing effect of lake currents and waves on pollen deposition have affected the pollen assemblages. The distribution
of Typha pollen seems to be affected by the location where the parent plants grow. Picea pollen has higher percentages at estuary area, suggesting fluvial transport. Pollen concentration has high values at the
central part of the lake basin due to the sedimentation focusing process effect. Our results suggest that the pollen assemblages
of the sediment core from the central part of the lake can potentially record the regional vegetation history. 相似文献
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From pollen percentage to vegetation cover: evaluation of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm in western Norway 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 KARI LOE HJELLE INGVILD KRISTINE MEHL SHINYA SUGITA GIDSKE LEKNÆS ANDERSEN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):312-324
The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) with the two models REVEALS and LOVE is developed to transform pollen percentage data to vegetation cover. This paper presents the first study to evaluate LRA in a region with large topographic variations within a short distances. The REVEALS model estimates regional vegetation abundance based on pollen assemblages from large lakes (100–500 ha). Pollen surface samples from one large and 28 small lakes are used together with a combination of regionally derived pollen productivity estimates and available estimates from other regions of Europe. The results show a good relationship between REVEALS‐estimated forest cover and vegetation abundance based on the CORINE land‐cover data. The REVEALS results using various sets of pollen assemblages from small lakes were comparable to those using one large lake. Local vegetation abundance using the LOVE model was estimated around 26 lakes. For common taxa, such as Pinus and Poaceae, the LOVE‐based estimates of plant abundance match well with the distance‐weighted plant abundances based on vegetation maps. Our results indicate that the LRA approach is effective for reconstruction of long‐term vegetation changes in western Norway and other regions with high topographic relief when no major gradients exist in the pollen data. 相似文献
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笔者近年对东南极内陆格罗夫山(Grove Mountains)开展了上新世以来冰盖表面波动的综合研究,运用冰川地质、地貌、土壤、沉积岩、孢粉组合及宇宙核素等各种方法手段,提出东南极大冰盖形成以后并非稳定演化至今,而在上新世早期时发生过大规模退缩,其前缘至少曾经退缩到格罗夫山地区,距现今冰盖边缘约400 km。之后,冰盖又迅速膨胀,到距今2.3 Ma时,冰面至少超过现今高度约400 m。以后冰面缓慢平稳下降,至1.6 Ma时,东南极冰盖进入第四纪振荡期,但重新上升的冰面再也没有超过现今高度的100 m以上。东南极冰盖大规模消融事件在全球尺度上也有所响应,例如北半球大冰盖形成,青藏高原整体剧烈隆升,塔里木盆地黄土出现等。这类行星尺度的气候变化可能与直布罗陀海峡关闭与地中海盐化事件,巴拿马地峡关闭等大地构造事件有关。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地发育了一套完整的古近纪—新近纪河湖相沉积地层,选择在其北缘大红沟剖面采集沉积物样品进行孢粉鉴定分析。根据孢粉组合特征划分出14个孢粉组合带,揭示了该地区古近纪到新近纪的植被、气候变化历史。结果显示:该地区古近纪—新近纪植被代表一种北亚热带常绿阔叶林→暖温带、温带落叶阔叶针叶林→温带针阔叶混交林→山体针叶林→干旱草原荒漠的植被生态景观演变过程。通过对柴达木盆地大红沟剖面植被面貌分析,推断古近纪—新近纪期间研究区气候存在多次冷暖干湿变化,呈现出由暖湿向冷干发展的趋势。11~9 Ma低温干燥的特征与中新世中期全球气候适宜期趋势不一致,可能是盆地构造运动导致的区域特殊性。 相似文献
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文章报道了东南极格罗夫山地区蓝冰表面碎石带新生代冰碛岩(物)漂砾中微体古生物化石的分析结果及其意义。研究发现这些冰碛物(岩)内含有少量孢粉,而未见硅藻及其他微体化石。孢粉以裸子植物花粉和蕨类植物孢子为主、被子植物花粉含量相对稀少为特征。值得注意的是,在所分析的4个样品中,均发现至今在南半球仍有分布的特有属假山毛榉(Nothofagus)花粉,由于该属花粉及大植物化石曾发现于横跨南极山脉上新的天狼星群(SiriusGroup)中,它的存在反映当时古气候温暖湿润。在样品S1507和S1509中发现蒿属(Artemisia)花粉,其出现所代表的时代推测为新近纪,很可能为上新世。格罗夫山地区冰碛物中的这一孢粉特征可能反映了南极地区上新世曾经发生过较大规模的气候变暖和冰川退缩事件。 相似文献
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Plant and insect macrofossil assemblages dating to the full-glacial (late Wisconsinan) are rare from eastern Beringia. Here we present an assemblage of fossil pollen, insect and plant macrofossils recovered from alluvium at the Bluefish Exposure, northern Yukon Territory. Nine AMS radiocarbon ages place these data between ca. 18,880–16,440 14C yr BP (22,313–19,597 cal. yr BP). These data indicate that xeric steppe, rich in bunchgrasses Poa and Elymus, Artemisia frigida and diverse forbs was interspersed within a mosaic of local vegetation types, including mid-rich fens, mesic graminoid meadows, steppe-tundra and herb-tundra. Macrofossils and minor pollen of tundra forbs suggest steppe-tundra plant associations within midslope elevations and discontinuous herb-tundra on high elevation uplands on exposed bedrock ridges. The composition and distribution of local vegetation was dependent on available moisture, drainage, aspect and elevation. Compositional and physiognomic similarities can be made with extrazonal steppe-dominated dry slopes and high elevation steppe-tundra ecotones in central Alaska and Yukon Territory. Our paleoecological data reflect environments inhabited by the diverse late Pleistocene Bluefish Caves fauna, including woolly mammoth, horse, steppe bison, and saiga antelope. 相似文献
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PIM DE KLERK NORMAN DONNER HANS JOOSTEN NIKOLAY S. KARPOV MERTEN MINKE NINA SEIFERT MARTIN THEUERKAUF 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(1):39-58
Fine-scaled distribution patterns of vegetation and palynomorphs in a polygon mire in NE Siberia were studied in 31 × 31 plots of 1 m2 (vegetation) and along a transect at intervals of 1 m (palynomorphs). Pollen and non-pollen-palynomorph contents clearly reflect differences between polygon ridges and centres. For most single pollen types, however, no unambiguous relation with actual plant abundances and distribution exists. High pollen values are restricted to the immediate vicinity of the pollen sources, which is attributed to the low height of the vegetation. For several plant taxa, high pollen values were found to be restricted to particular plant specimens in the population. High values of pollen ascribed to taxa currently absent at the relevant plot show that the sampled mosses contain a pollen signal of several years. Betula exilis produces two morphologically clearly distinct pollen types. The distribution of selected non-pollen palynomorphs correlates to microrelief, moisture regime and/or trophic conditions. The study shows that single palaeo-sections from arctic peatlands should not be over-interpreted with respect to their palaeoecological value. Local vegetation types and site conditions, however, can be accurately reconstructed from the total assemblages and from combined occurrences of specific palynomorph types. 相似文献