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1.
四川黄龙沟源头黄龙泉泉水及其下游溪水的水化学变化研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
用水化学仪器自动记录、现场滴定及取样室内分析等方法,对四川黄龙沟钙华景区水的物理化学动态变化特征进行了研究。结果发现,黄龙钙华的沉积主要起因于水中CO2的大量释放,造成溪流自黄龙泉泉口向下游方向水的二氧化碳分压（p（CO2））和电导率（EC）降低,pH值和方解石饱和指数（SIc）升高。但仔细分析发现,水化学的这一空间变化主要发生在SIc〈1．0时;当SIc〉1．0后,向下游方向,水化学趋于稳定。同时,黄龙沟地表融雪水和沿途泉水分别产生的稀释和浓集作用对溪流水化学的这一空间变化产生了明显的影响。此外,源头黄龙泉的水化学稳定,没有明显的日变化,而下游的池水则出现pH值、EC和SIc及p（CO2）的显著日变化,即白天p（CO2）、EC较低,而pH和SIc较高,反映了白天较快的碳酸钙沉积,其中温度和水生生物光合作用的影响可分别达到19％和81％。 相似文献
2.
水生植物对岩溶水化学日变化的影响——以桂林岩溶水文地质试验场为例 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
以桂林岩溶水文地质试验场为研究点,以研究水生植物对岩溶水化学日变化的影响为目的,着重研究水葫芦和水藻对岩溶水的pH、电导率、溶解氧含量、方解石饱和指数以及CO2 分压日变化的影响。试验结果表明: 在不同水生植物生长的岩溶水中,水化学的日动态变化规律是不同的。在水藻生长的水池出水口处,水的pH、电导、溶解氧含量、饱和指数以及CO2 分压所受的影响主要以水生植物的光合作用为主;而在有水葫芦生长的岩溶水中,水生植物的光合作用影响降低,而温度和根呼吸作用的影响增强。在以桂林岩溶水文地质试验场S31号泉水池出水口堰板处和堰板下游约3m 处为监测点试验时,试验结果表明其水生植物的影响占70%以上,强于温度作用的影响。 相似文献
3.
云南白水台钙华景区的水化学动态变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用水化学仪器自动记录、现场测定和取样室内分析等相结合的方法,对云南白水台钙华景区水的物理化学动态变化特征进行了综合研究,结果发现: 随着CaCO3 的沉积,水中的主要离子Ca2+ 和HCO-3 浓度、电导逐渐降低; p H值升高。我们对1号泉进行昼夜观测发现: 5月1号泉的水温呈周期性变化,周期约为28小时,而在9月水温保持恒定。对下游( 12号观测点)的动态观测发现水的p H值与水温呈反相关关系,在对中游( 6号观测点)的早、中、晚观测得到了同样的结果。最终我们得出结论: 1号泉水温变化可能受补给水源水温动态变化、降雨和地热影响;中下游pH值和电导率的变化与碳酸钙的沉积速率、碳酸平衡和藻类作用有关。 相似文献
4.
碳酸钙沉积溪流中地球化学指标的空间分布和日变化特征:以云南白水台为例 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
目前,国内外利用碳酸钙沉积物进行古环境和古气候重建的研究,空间上主要涉及到地球化学指标的区域分布差异,时间上则将分辨率提高到了年,甚至季节尺度,但对于地球化学指标在同一区域的空间分布和日变化特征则注意不多.采用仪器自动记录、现场滴定和样品室内测试相结合的方法,对正在发生碳酸钙(钙华)沉积的云南白水台溪流和引渠中的地球化学指标的空间和日变化特征进行了研究.结果发现,在碳酸钙大量快速沉积前(方解石饱和指数 SIc小于 1.0),向下游方向,水的 CO2分压降低, pH值和 SIc升高.但当 SIc大于 1.0后,碳酸钙沉积开始 快速产生,此后向下游方向,水的 CO2分压趋于稳定,甚至略有升高;同时,水的 pH值和 SIc也不再升高,而呈现下降现象.与此有关,在溪流下游观测点,由于白天碳酸钙的快速沉积,水的 pH值和 SIc是下降的,而其 CO2分压则升高.这一现象很可能是白天碳酸钙大量快速沉积时产生的 CO2在水中聚集,来不及向大气释放的结果;此外,流速对碳酸钙沉积具有显著的控制作用,表现在流速快的地形陡坎部位, Ca2 和降低更快,因而沉积速率也更大.研究还发现,富含轻碳稳定同位素 12C的 CO2向大气的释放是向下游方向钙华碳稳定同位素组成(δ 13C) 和中午水中溶解无机碳δ 13C增加的主要原因,增加幅度分别可达 1‰ /100 m和 0.6‰～1.3‰(昼夜差);同时,碳酸钙沉积时,水中溶解无机碳与钙华存在碳稳定同位素的动力分馏效应,与沉积速率有关,分馏值为 0‰～3.22‰. 相似文献
5.
象牙泉地处青藏高原高寒地区,因其钙华沉积酷似“象牙”而闻名。开展象牙泉形成机理的研究,有助于钙华景观的地质环境保护,对雅鲁藏布江构造带古环境演化、新构造活动的研究具有重要意义。文章以象牙源泉及其钙华沉积为研究对象,通过钙华成分、泉水水化学组分、氢氧同位素及相关性分析,探讨了象牙泉及钙华景观的形成机制,估算了钙华形成年代,讨论了钙华景观演化趋势。结果表明:象牙泉出露高程3 208 m,温度16.1 ℃,pH值6.06～6.64,溶解性总固体1 521.1～1 524.2 mg/L,为中偏弱酸性微咸水;阳离子以钠和钙为主,阴离子以碳酸氢根和氯离子为主,水化学类型为重碳酸钙型水;象牙泉具有较高的氯、钠及稍高的溶解性总固体特征,其氢氧同位素分布于全球大气降水方程线附近,说明象牙泉主要为大气降水补给,具有较长的径流途径和缓慢的循环速度,水岩作用强烈。象牙泉为溶解沉淀型,其化学组分来源于水岩相互作用过程碳酸盐岩矿物、硅酸盐岩矿物的溶解。象牙泉钙华沉积的化学成分主要为碳酸钙,占63.07%;次要成分为二氧化硅,占10.19%;属钙华为主、硅华次之的常温泉类钙华。钙均衡估算表明,象牙泉钙华形成于1.38万年前,其沉积速率约为0.27 mm/a。 相似文献
6.
碳酸盐风化能否形成稳定持久碳汇很大程度上取决于风化产生的溶解无机碳(DIC)能否被水生光合生物利用及其利用程度,后者可通过地表水水化学和?13CDIC的昼夜变化进行探讨。本研究对冬季茂兰拉桥表层岩溶泉及其中游和下游池水的温度、pH、电导率(EC)和溶解氧(DO)进行了为期30 h(1月27日10:00至1月28日16:00)高分辨率(15 min/次)的昼夜动态监测和?13CDIC定期取样(白天每隔2 h,夜间每隔4 h)测定,以了解水生光合生物对水化学和?13CDIC昼夜动态变化的影响。同时,结合水面静态箱CO2测定获得的岩溶水与空气CO2交换通量,对生物碳泵效应进行了估算。结果表明,在少有沉水植物生长的泉口及其下游水池,水化学和?13CDIC的昼夜变化明显偏小,而在沉水植物(轮藻为主)大量生长的中游水池,水的DO、pH、SIC(方解石饱和指数)和?13CDIC在白天呈逐渐增加趋势,而在夜间逐渐降低,与水生生物的新陈代谢进程(白天以光合作用为主,晚上以呼吸作用占优势)相一致;另一方面,水的EC、3HCO?、Ca2+和p(CO2)(二氧化碳分压)呈现相反的变化趋势,即白天下降,晚上上升。计算得到中游水池因类似海洋"生物碳泵"效应固定下来的有机碳通量达到336 t C/(a·km2),是海洋的51倍,表明陆地水生生态系统应该作为"遗失碳汇"的一个重要方面继续进行研究。 相似文献
7.
小型山区河流系统具有流域面积小、响应时间短、人类活动的水化学影响易识别等特点,是研究生物地球化学过程的理想场所.本文以桂林潮田河为例,通过高分辨率监测与高频取样,研究水化学昼夜动态变化,无机碳移除及其生物地球化学控制机理.受水生光合作用与钙沉积作用的控制,河水pH、DO、SpC、HCO–3和Ca2+离子产生显著的昼夜动态变化,这些水化学指标昼夜变幅大小又与河床基质和水生植物类型有关.砾石类河床藻类发育的鸟岭桥河段Ca2+和HCO3-含量白天下降幅度平均值分别为12％和11％,泥质类河床沉水植物发育的两河沟河段为10.6％和8.9％.DO浓度与pH值主要受局地河流内部过程控制,即水生植物或藻类光合作用控制,而电导率受上游传输影响较大,滞后时间与两点之间信号平流传输时间相关.监测河段水体因光合作用产生的钙沉降与溶解无机碳移除量分别为302 kg/d和997 kg/d,即188.75 g/m/d和623.13 g/m/d,是西南亚热带典型地下河出口河流的4～5倍,小型岩溶河流沿流程发生的无机碳向有机碳转化,对水体碳通量而言,是真正意义上的自然碳汇过程. 相似文献
8.
垂直气候带岩溶动力系统特征研究——以重庆金佛山国家级自然保护区为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用CTDP300多参数自动记录仪对重庆金佛山国家级自然保护区碧潭泉和水房泉的降雨量、水位、水温、pH值、电导率进行了监测。结果表明,不同海拔高度的表层岩溶泉水化学对环境变化十分敏感,且具不同的表现形式,气温和土壤CO2浓度是引起水化学动态变化的两个重要因子。位于海拔较低的碧潭泉气温,土壤CO2浓度相对较高,岩溶作用也相对强,位于海拔较高的水房泉则相对较弱。受气温控制,前者的水温、pH表现出明显的白天高,夜间低的昼夜变化规律。降雨过程中,至少有两种效应在影响水化学性质:雨水的稀释效应和CO2效应,前者对碧潭泉水化学变化影响较大,降雨可引起泉水电导率、水温及pH的显著下降,降雨强度越大,下降速度与幅度越大,而从泉水电导率下降、pH值略有上升看,两者均对水房泉的水化学变化产生了影响。 相似文献
9.
5.12汶川地震对黄龙世界遗产地源泉水文地球化学的影响——高分辨率和高精度的水文地球化学监测证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2008年5月12日的汶川特大地震不仅造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失,而且对当地生态环境产生了严重的影响。本文根据黄龙钙华景观退化的人为和自然影响机理研究获得的部分高分辨率和高精度水文地球化学监测数据分析发现,大地震通过诱导控制黄龙源泉的深源断裂活动对源泉的水文地球化学产生了显著影响,主要表现为地震后泉流量、水温、电导率和CO2分压升高,反映出地震增加了地下向地表的水、热、钙离子和CO2通量。然而,地震对从泉水中沉积的钙华景观的后续影响以及汶川地震造成深源CO2向大气CO2释放对全球碳循环的影响,有待进一步的监测评估。 相似文献
10.
岩溶区河流水化学昼夜变化与生物地球化学过程 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
河流水化学昼夜动态变化的研究有助于揭示水体中相对快速的生物地球化学过程(河流内过程),同时也有助于判别上游补给区流域过程。已有的研究表明生物过程（光合作用与呼吸作用）、地球化学过程（碳酸盐平衡、碳酸钙沉积）是控制河流pH、SpC、Ca2+和HCO3-含量昼夜变化的主要因素。不同级别、类型及河床微环境均会对水化学昼夜变化产生影响,与气温密切相关的光合作用是产生河水pH值和DO昼夜变化的主控因素。在偏碱性与富含钙离子的岩溶河流,有机体的钙化作用与酸分泌可能对光合作用具有重要作用,从而导致水体中Ca2+和HCO3-出现白天下降-夜间回升的昼夜动态变化,下降幅度达20%~30%。水生植物通过光合作用产生DIC(主要为HCO3-)的原位沉降,是真正意义上的净碳汇。昼夜生物地球化学循环及效应研究有助于全面认识岩溶区碳循环特征及岩溶含水层源汇关系,尤其是岩溶碳汇稳定性与净碳汇估算;同时对长时间尺度河流监测计划的制定具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Diurnal Variations of Hydrochemistry in a Travertine-depositing Stream at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Zaihua Liu Qiang Li Hailong Sun Changjun Liao Huaju Li Jinliang Wang Kongyun Wu 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2006,12(2):103-121
Diurnal variations of hydrochemistry were monitored at a spring and two pools in a travertine-depositing stream at Baishuitai,
Yunnan, SW China. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity were measured in intervals of 5 and 30 min for periods of
1 to 2 days. From these data the concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3−, calcite saturation index, and CO2 partial pressure were derived. The measurements in the spring of the stream did not show any diurnal variations in the chemical
composition of the water. Diurnal variations, however, were observed in the water of the two travertine pools downstream.
In one of them, a rise in temperature (thus more CO2 degassing) during day time and consumption of CO2 due to photosynthesis of submerged aquatic plants accelerated deposition of calcite, whereas in the other pool, where aquatic
plants flourished and grew out of the water (so photosynthesis was taking place in the atmosphere), the authors suggest that
temperature-dependent root respiration underwater took place, which dominated until noon. Consequently, due to the release
of CO2 by the root respiration into water, which dominated CO2 production by degassing induced by temperature increase, the increased dissolution of calcite was observed. This is the first
time anywhere at least in China that the effect of root respiration on diurnal hydrochemical variations has been observed.
The finding has implications for sampling strategy within travertine-depositing streams and other similar environments with
stagnant water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, pools and wetlands, where aquatic plants may flourish and grow
out of water. 相似文献
12.
A method of combining hydrochemical data logging and in situ titrating with measurement of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes was used to reveal the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics in the Baishuitai travertine scenic area of SW China. It was found that the travertine-forming springs have a very high concentration of calcium and bicarbonate, and accordingly very high CO2 partial pressures, which are not likely to be produced by biological activity in soil alone. Further analysis of the stable carbon isotopes of the springs shows that the high pressure of CO2 is mainly related to an endogenic CO2 source. That means the Baishuitai travertine is endogenic in origin. This is contrast to the commonly accepted saying that the travertine deposition in this study simply is a product of warm and humid conditions in a karst ecological environment. Rapid CO2 degassing from the water is triggered by the much higher partial pressures in water than that of the surrounding air. Consequently, as the waters flow downstream of the spring the pH increases, the waters become supersaturated with respect to calcite, and travertine is deposited. The preferential release of 12CO2 to the atmosphere results in a progressive increase of travertine 13C downstream. This is concluded with a preliminary discussion of variation in travertine-forming water temperatures, according to differences in stable oxygen isotopic compositions of the travertine formed in different epochs at Baishuitai. It was found that the change in water temperature is as high as 13 °C, i.e., from 23 °C at about 2500 years b.p., to 10 °C at present. This may mainly reflect that the effect of geothermal source on water temperature is decreasing. The problems involved in paleoenvironmental reconstruction with endogene travertine are also discussed. They are the impacts of "dead carbon" in radiocarbon dating and the enrichment in 13C of travertine by endogenic CO2 and degassing of CO2 from water, which has to be considered in paleovegetation reconstruction when using 13C data of the endogene carbonate deposits. 相似文献
13.
世界自然遗产-四川黄龙钙华景观的形成与演化 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
本文对作者十余年来在四川黄龙(世界遗产地)的钙华研究成果和最新的一些监测发现进行了综述, 目的是为公众更好地了解黄龙、保护黄龙提供科学基础。主要结果和结论是: (1)黄龙钙华的形成是由于地球深部高分压的CO2在碳酸盐岩补给区产生富含碳酸氢钙的地下水, 当其以泉的形式出露地表时, 由于泉水的CO2分压远远高于空气, 泉水中的CO2大量逸出, 结果导致碳酸钙过饱和而发生沉积; (2)黄龙钙华的颜色以黄色为主色调, 主要是在雨季因雨水冲刷土壤向水中混入泥沙的缘故; 而在旱季, 钙华主要形成于清亮干净的泉水, 因此, 钙华的颜色呈现出纯净碳酸钙沉积的本色-白色。这也是黄龙洞钙华剖面年层中出现黄-白相间亚层的原因; (3)高精度的铀-钍同位素测年表明, 黄龙钙华主体是全新世以来形成的; (4)地表水向地下河的漏失是黄龙地表水日益减少, 导致钙华体表面干涸, 从而气生蓝藻大量滋生, 致使某些钙华变黑的主要原因, 因此, 有必要尽早采取防渗补水措施; (5)旅游活动已对黄龙钙华景观产生影响, 包括上游人为践踏使下游钙华池淤塞, 以及磷酸盐污染使硅藻等过度繁殖和钙华沉积速率可能降低等, 因此, 必须尽早采取相应防控措施。 相似文献
14.
Calcite dendrite crystals are important but poorly understood components of calcite travertine that forms around many hot springs. The Lýsuhóll hot-spring deposits, located in western Iceland, are formed primarily of siliceous sinters that were precipitated around numerous springs that are now inactive. Calcite travertine formed around the vent and on the discharge apron of one of the springs at the northern edge of the area. The travertine is formed largely of two types (I and II) of complex calcite dendrite crystals, up to 1 cm high, that grew through the gradual addition of trilete sub-crystals. The morphology of the dendrite crystals was controlled by flow direction and the competition for growth space with neighbouring crystals. Densely crowded dendrites with limited branching characterize the rimstone dams whereas widely spaced dendrites with open branching are found in the pools. Many dendrite bushes in the pools nucleated around plant stems. Growth of the dendrite crystals was seasonal and incremental. Calcite precipitation was driven by rapid CO2 degassing of CO2-rich spring waters during the spring and summer. During winter, when snow covered the ground and temperatures were low, opal-A precipitated on the exposed surfaces of the dendrites. Segmentation of dendrite branches by discontinuities coated with opal-A and overgrowth development around sub-crystals resulted from this seasonal growth cycle. The calcite dendrite crystals in the Lýsuhóll travertine differ in morphology from those at other hot springs, such as those at Lake Bogoria, Kenya, and Waikite in New Zealand. Comparison with the calcite dendrite crystals found at those sites shows that dendrite morphology is site-specific and probably controlled by carbonate saturation levels that, in turn, are controlled by the rate of CO2 degassing and location in the spring outflow system. 相似文献
15.
桂林漓江水体溶解无机碳迁移与水生光合碳固定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河流溶解无机碳含量昼夜变化主要受碳酸盐反向沉积、水生光合利用和脱气作用控制,被水生光合利用的溶解无机碳是岩溶碳汇的组成部分,脱气作用比例的大小是影响碳汇稳定性的决定因素。本文以漓江中游省里—冠岩之间15 km长河段为研究对象,开展昼夜高分辨率水化学自动化监测与高频取样,分析水生植物光合作用利用HCO3-1及相关钙沉降过程。结果表明,监测河段水生光合利用的无机碳转化通量为859 kgC?d-1,单位流程光合作用溶解无机碳转化量和钙沉降量分别为2.06 t?（d?km）-1和0.78 t?（d?km）-1。光合作用与钙沉降消耗DIC约占总转化量的70 %,以光合有机碳和CaCO3形式储存于河床,成为岩溶碳汇组成部分。无机碳转化量约占输入DIC总量的6.0 %（其中1.7%以CO2形式返回大气）,说明夏季低水位期间强烈的水生植物光合利用溶解无机碳,可有效遏制白天水气界面CO2脱气过程发生,低脱气比例证实漓江水体的溶解无机碳还是比较稳定的。 相似文献
16.
A. Yu. Bychkov O. E. Kikvadze V. Yu. Lavrushin V. N. Kuleshov 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(3):235-246
The isotopic composition of calcite from travertine deposits of the Tokhana-Verkhnii hot spring in the Elbrus area shows broad variations in δ13C and δ18O (from +3.8 to +16.3‰ and from +24.6 to +28.1‰, respectively). The δ13C and δ18O values increase toward the sole of the travertine dome. The isotopically heaviest carbonates (δ13C of up to +16.3‰) were found near the bottom of the dome and composed ancient travertine, which are now not washed by mineral water. The scatter of the δ13C values of the fresh sample is slightly narrower: from +3.8 to +10‰. Calculations indicate that all carbonates of the Tokhana dome were not in equilibrium with spontaneous carbon dioxide released by the spring (\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \) = ?8‰). To explain the generation of isotopically heavy travertine, a physicochemical model was developed for precipitation of Ca carbonates during the gradual degassing of the mineral water. The character of variations in the calculated δ13C values (from +5.5 to +13‰) is in good agreement with the tendency in the variations of the δ13C in the carbonate samples. The calculated and measured pH values are also consistent. Our results demonstrate that the isotopic composition of large travertine masses can be heterogeneous, and this should be taken into account during paleoclimatic and paleohydrogeological reconstruction. 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(1):1-15
Two groups of perennial springs are observed in the Canadian High Arctic at Expedition Fjord on Axel Heiberg Island at Colour Peak and Gypsum Hill. Saline discharge (∼1.3–2.5 molal NaCl) produces a variety of calcite (travertine) and gypsum-rich precipitates. Saturation index calculations of the spring waters at Colour Peak suggest CO2 degassing from the waters causes calcite precipitation. Gypsum precipitation dominates at Gypsum Hill, where spring waters have lower alkalinity and higher SO4 concentrations. Mineral accumulations form both channel and rimstone pool morphologies as a result of varying slope conditions. At Colour Peak, confined flow in steep slope areas develop massive structures in contrast to more friable, porous accumulations in areas where waters fan out on shallower slopes; these morphological variations lead to corresponding varying apparent rates of mineral precipitation. Mineral precipitation at Gypsum Hill is far less notable as a result of lower discharge rates and annual degradation by icing formation. Microscopic observations and geochemical analyses of the channel precipitates at Colour Peak reveal alternating light (calcite spar) and dark (anhedral microcrystalline calcite combined with organic matter and non-carbonate minerals) laminae. Rimstone pools forming in lower sections of spring discharge are composed of accumulations of large euhedral calcite crystals interbedded with allochthonous inputs. High concentration of dissolved solids is responsible for slow travertine precipitation rates, which occurs during winter. This precipitation is further retarded during summer months by the introduction of crystal growth inhibitors such as Fe3+ and deposition of organic matter and soil sediments. 相似文献