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1.
河套干旱地区夏季边界层结构特征观测分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
崔洋  常倬林  桑建人  左河疆 《冰川冻土》2015,37(5):1257-1267
利用2013年夏季7月爱尔达K/LLX802J型机动式边界层风廓线雷达获取的三维风场资料和银川站高空气象探测资料,对河套干旱地区夏季边界层日变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:爱尔达K/LLX802J型机动式风廓线雷达能较好的反映并分辨出夏季河套干旱地区边界层内大气湍流和风场的演变过程.夏季7月河套干旱地区边界层高度白天平均为2127.2 m,夜间平均为1760.7 m,白天边界层高度比夜间平均高366.5 m.河套干旱区夏季地表非绝热加热对边界层的影响主要集中在800 m以下,800~2000 m高度边界层则主要受昼夜交替和大尺度天气系统的影响.夏季7月河套干旱地区边界层风速在300 m以下随高度增加而增大,离地500 m以下边界层易在北京时间07:00-11:00和18:00-21:00时段发生风速切变;300 m以下边界层白天盛行西南偏南风、夜间盛行南风,300~2000 m高度边界层白天和夜间均盛行东南风;离地300 m以下边界层易在夜间21:00-23:00时出现风向切变.夏季7月白天河套干旱地区边界层大气垂直速度在300 m高度以下随高度增加而增大,由0.3 m·s-1增大到0.6 m·s-1,夜间边界层大气垂直速度在200 m高度以下随高度增大而增大;300 m高度以上边界层大气垂直速度无论昼夜随高度变化均较小.  相似文献   

2.
藏北高原夏季典型天气大气边界层特征分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
利用加密探空资料,分析了藏北高原那曲和安多地区夏季典型晴天与阴天边界层风速、位温与比湿时空分布及变化特征.结果发现:在夏季8月,上述地区东西分量风速(切变)晴天均比阴天小,安多地区盛行偏西风,那曲地区盛行偏东风;南北分量风速(切变)晴天比阴天大.边界层晴天和阴天白天(晚上)的对流(稳定)边界层特征明显,阴天稳定边界层的厚度和对流边界层的高度较晴天时的都低;比湿夜间比白天大,阴天比晴天大.在安多地区和那曲地区都出现了逆湿现象,强逆湿主要出现在午夜或正午.  相似文献   

3.
李岩瑛  张强  胡兴才  王荣基 《冰川冻土》2012,34(5):1047-1058
利用西北干旱区民勤、 黄土高原平凉和榆中3站2006-2009年1、 4、 7月和10月逐日08:00时和20:00时探空资料、 降水和日最高气温, 计算和对比分析了最大混合层厚度(ML)、 逆温层特征和垂直温湿场及其对干湿气候变化形成的影响. 结果表明: 最大混合层厚度与最高地气温差关系较为密切, 呈显著正相关, 干旱区民勤较密切其相关系数达0.92. 最大混合层厚度4月最深厚, 干旱区民勤高达2 871 m, 明显高于黄土区两站200~400 m左右, 平凉最为浅薄, 1月不足1 000 m; 但日降水量≥5 mm的降水发生时榆中较深厚, 高于其他两站300~400 m. 强降水发生前后干旱区湿度变化大, 发生时高低空湿度迅速增大, 而黄土高原变化湿度小, 榆中中低层增湿较明显. 干旱区近地层较干, 但有降水时中高层增湿较黄土高原显著. 干湿气候变化与最大混合层厚度、 逆温层的频数和强度、 近地面层的干湿程度关系密切, 混合层越深厚, 逆温层多而强, 近地层越干, 干旱加剧.  相似文献   

4.
基于2017年1月4日至7日成都市一次重霾污染过程的系留汽艇探测的低层大气气象要素和大气颗粒物垂直探空加密观测资料,分析了大气边界层结构及气溶胶垂直分布。结果表明,此次重霾污染期间,大气边界层昼夜变化特征基本消失。稳定边界层结构出现25次,对流边界层结构仅出现3次,大气边界层结构趋于稳定,边界层高度普遍在700 m以下。霾污染发生、维持及消散阶段大气边界层气溶胶垂直结构具有明显差异。霾污染发生阶段,大气边界层气溶胶粗、细粒子主要集中在300m高度以下,近地面层大气气溶胶粒子累积触发霾污染事件;霾维持阶段,大气颗粒物粒子浓度数垂直方向趋于一致,大气边界层稳定结构中存在强的大气垂直混合作用;在霾消散阶段,较高处的气溶胶粒子浓度最先下降,且下降幅度最大,表明对流层自由大气作用对霾污染消散具有影响。大气边界层风速的增大加剧了大气传输扩散。温度与大气颗粒物浓度在近地层呈负相关关系,在100m高度以上呈正相关关系。大气边界层低层偏冷,高层偏暖的稳定大气热力层结减弱了大气污染物的垂直扩散。相对湿度的增加有利于气溶胶粒子的吸湿增长和液相化学反应,加剧了霾污染。  相似文献   

5.
干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层研究进展   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  
干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层不仅与气候、生态、水资源密切相关,而且影响我国气候格局和东亚大气环流,是一个十分重要的研究领域,近20多年已取得了比较系统的研究进展.从干旱区陆面热力和水分过程特征、干旱区大气边界层结构特征、干旱区陆面过程参数及其参数化公式、非均匀下垫面大气边界层理论、干旱城市大气边界层特征与污染机理等方面归纳总结了干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层领域取得的部分研究进展.并且,认为科学试验的代表性、复杂下垫面的影响、尺度转化、地表能量不平衡、极端天气过程的相互作用、水分过程的复杂性等问题是干旱区陆面过程和大气边界层研究领域的突出问题和未来研究重点.  相似文献   

6.
利用2015年夏季玛曲高寒草甸观测资料,从中选取7月10个连续完整的观测日,分析了近地层气象要素、地表辐射和能量传输以及CO2通量日变化特征。结果表明：夏季玛曲地区气温和比湿昼夜差异较大,最大温差为19.2 ℃,平均风速为2.7 m?s-1,风向以东风为主。晴天条件下向下短波辐射可达1 200 W?m-2左右,平均地表反照率为0.22,均大于藏北那曲地区。净辐射峰值可达850 W?m-2左右,陆-气间能量传输以潜热输送为主。10 d能量闭合度平均值为0.61,能量不平衡程度较大。夏季玛曲高寒草甸表现为“碳汇”,CO2通量平均值为-0.20 mg?m-2?s-1,晴天碳吸收最大速率为-14.05 mg?m-2?s-1,显著大于阴天,最大碳吸收时长为13 h,CO2密度平均值为530.7 mg?m-3。  相似文献   

7.
绿洲与荒漠背景夏季近地层大气特征的对比分析   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  
张强  王胜 《冰川冻土》2005,27(2):282-289
利用观测试验资料, 对比分析了夏季典型晴天敦煌绿洲与周围荒漠戈壁背景近地面层大气特征的差异. 结果表明: 绿洲具有降温、保湿、风屏等效应, 地表温度和近地面层大气温度明显要比周围荒漠的低, 近地面层大气湿度要明显比周围荒漠的大, 近地面层大气风速和摩擦速度要比周围荒漠的小, 近地面层感热通量比周围荒漠小1/5, 近地面层潜热通量比周围荒漠大 10 倍左右. 同时, 绿洲与周围荒漠相比有比较可观的下沟运动, 这会对绿洲的能量和水分输送有贡献. 绿洲的 Bowen比大约是周围荒漠戈壁的1/20, 相差一个量级, 这说明绿洲和周围荒漠的气候特征相差十分明显.  相似文献   

8.
陆面水文过程与大气模式的耦合及其在黑河流域的应用   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
陆面过程模式对陆面水文过程有比较详尽的描述，然而，目前的陆面水文过程只考虑了垂直方向的水分运移，比较适合平坦地区的模拟，而在地形坡度较大的山区只考虑垂直方向的水分移动是不够的，尤其是目前随着计算机条件提高，分辨率越来越高，地表水以及土壤水的侧向流动成为山区水文过程必须考虑的部分。同时，目前的陆面过程模式中的径流量是作为诊断量处理，不参与运算。针对以上问题，对Noah陆面过程模式进行了改进，增加了地表积水和积水蒸发、坡面汇流方案、次表面流方案，并且将Routing模块通过次网格过程与大气中尺度模式MM5耦合，发展了高分辨率大气—水文耦合模式。运用发展的高分辨率大气—水文耦合模式，对黑河流域中上游2003年6月23~25日降水过程进行了模拟，研究了陆面水循环过程对大气场的影响。结果表明陆面水循环过程对近地层大气影响很大，首先影响了土壤的湿度与蒸发，进而对边界层稳定性，云结构、云水、雨水含量产生影响，对区域降水也有一定影响。  相似文献   

9.
黑河源区高山草甸的冻土及水文过程初步研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  
介绍了黑河源区野牛沟流域在试验点尺度和山坡尺度上所开展的冻土水文过程初步结果.冻土水文观测场建于最大冻结深度约为3.0 m的季节冻土区,近50 a来,该区降水量变化不大,器测蒸发量(Φ20)和风速呈明显的降低趋势,而气温和地表温度则分别上升约1.0℃和1.7℃.研究区季节冻土冻结上限和下限深度均与地表温度呈二次多项式关系,这表明地表温度与冻结或融化区地温变化之间有一个滞后过程.在地表融化季节,季节冻土存在两层现象.当融化深度接近最大冻结深度时,存在向上和向下的双向融化现象,但自下而上融化速率较慢.2005年9月-2006年9月,具有较高代表性的3个山坡径流场均没有观测到产流量,结合蒸散发观测和野外调查,发现夏季高山草甸具有明显的地表径流拦蓄和水源涵养作用.COUP模型能够较好的连续演算试验场生长季节高山草甸-季节冻土-大气-维水热传输和耦合过程,但因其土壤完全冻结临界温度阀值设置偏高,影响了非生长季节的计算精度.  相似文献   

10.
涡动相关系统和闪烁通量仪都是评价局地到区域尺度的地表显热通量的有效途径.以ChinaFLUX千烟洲人工林生态系统2倍和3倍冠层高度的2套涡动相关(EC)系统和通量塔及其东偏南方向距离通量塔约70 m处1.2倍冠层高度安装的1套小孔径闪烁通量仪(SAS)为基础,重点对比分析了EC系统和SAS系统观测的显热通量的异同.研究表明,2倍和3倍冠层高度EC系统与SAS系统的显热通量的观测值有非常好的相关关系与一致性.在季节尺度和日尺度上,在降水正常的季节里SAS测定的显热通量值高于2倍和3倍冠层高度EC系统的测定值.但是在干旱胁迫条件下,SAS测定的显热通量低于2倍和3倍冠层高度EC系统的显热通量值.按16方位风向进行的相关分析表明,以南到南偏西和北偏东到东偏北2个与盛行风向垂直的方位相关性最高.在白天条件下,2倍和3倍冠层高度EC系统与SAS测定的显热通量值均显示出较高的相关性.但夜间无论是2倍还是3倍冠层高度EC系统与SAS测定的显热通量值之间相关性均很低.EC系统与SAS观测的显热通量的差异主要与通量覆盖区的差异以及各自的局限性有关.  相似文献   

11.
The local weather and air quality over a region are greatly influenced by the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure and dynamics. ABL characteristics were measured using a tethered balloon-sonde system over Kharagpur (22.32°N, 87.32°E, 40m above MSL), India, for the period 7 December 2004 to 30 December 2004, as a part of the Indian Space Research Organization-Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO-GBP) Aerosol Land Campaign II. High-resolution data of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction were archived along with surface layer measurements using an automatic weather station. This paper presents the features of ABL, like ABL depth and nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) depth. The sea surface winds from Quikscat over the oceanic regions near the experiment site were analyzed along with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis winds over Kharagpur to estimate the convergence of wind, moisture and vorticity to understand the observed variations in wind speed and relative humidity, and also the increased aerosol concentrations. The variation of ventilation coefficient (V C), a factor determining the air pollution potential over a region, is also discussed in detail.  相似文献   

12.
The atmospheric boundary layer characteristics observed during the BOBMEX-Pilot experiment are reported. Surface meteorological data were acquired continuously through an automatic weather monitoring system and manually every three hours. High resolution radiosondes were launched to obtain the vertical thermal structure of the atmosphere. The study area was convectively active, the SSTs were high, surface air was warm and moist, and the surface air moist static energy was among the highest observed over the tropical oceans. The mean sea air temperature difference was about 1.25‡C and the sea skin temperature was cooler than bucket SST by 0.5‡C. The atmospheric mixed layer was shallow, fluctuated in response to synoptic conditions from 100 m to 900 m with a mean around 500 m.  相似文献   

13.
Data obtained from the 30m high MONTBLEX tower installed at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur are described. Data on wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity were recorded during the first week of July 1989 at six levels on the tower. They indicate some of the atmospheric surface layer characteristics. Using two levels of tower data involving wind speed and temperature a profile method was used for computing the surface fluxes of heat and momentum. A method for calculating the surface roughness length using the data was also used to obtain the vertical windspeed profile. The computed wind profile was compared with observations, while the surface roughness length was compared with values obtained by a least square fit. The computed surface fluxes were compared with theoretical values obtained by an energy budget method which uses only wind data at one level. The agreement was reasonably good.  相似文献   

14.
Surface to atmosphere exchange has received much attention in numerical weather prediction models. This exchange is defined by turbulent parameters such as frictional velocity, drag coefficient and heat fluxes, which have to be derived experimentally from high-frequency observations. High-frequency measurements of wind speed, air temperature and water vapour mixing ratio (eddy covariance measurements), were made during the Integrated Ground Observation Campaign (IGOC) of Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) at Mahabubnagar, India (16°44′N, 77°59′E) in the south-west monsoon season. Using these observations, an attempt was made to investigate the behaviour of the turbulent parameters, mentioned above, with respect to wind speed. We found that the surface layer stability derived from the Monin–Obukhov length scale, is well depicted by the magnitude of wind speed, i.e., the atmospheric boundary layer was under unstable regime for wind speeds >4 m s?1; under stable regime for wind speeds <2 m s?1 and under neutral regime for wind speeds in the range of 2–3 m s?1. All the three stability regimes were mixed for wind speeds 3–4 m s?1. The drag coefficient shows scatter variation with wind speed in stable as well as unstable conditions.  相似文献   

15.
Determination of dust loading in the atmosphere is important not only from the public health point of view, but also for regional climate changes. The present study focuses on the characteristics of two major dust events for two urban areas in Iran, Kermanshah and Tehran, over the period of 4 years from 2006 to 2009. To detect extreme dust outbreaks, various datasets including synoptic data, dust concentration, reanalysis data and numerical results of WRF and HYSPLIT models were used. The weather maps demonstrate that for these events dusts are mainly generated when wind velocity is high and humidity is low in the lower troposphere and the region is under the influence of a thermal low. The event lasts until the atmospheric stability prevails and the surface wind speed weakens. The thermal low nature of the synoptic conditions of these major events is also responsible for deep boundary layer development with its thermals affecting the vertical dust flux over the region. Trajectory studies show that the dust events originated from deserts in Iraq and Syria and transported towards Iran. The main distinction between the two types of mobilizations seems to affect the dust concentrations in the Tehran urban area.  相似文献   

16.
This paper discusses the observations of the Atmospheric Surface Layer (ASL) parameters during the solar eclipse of August 11th, 1999. Intensive surface layer experiments were conducted at Ahmedabad (23‡21′N, 72‡36′E), the western part of India, which was close to the totality path. This rare event provided by nature is utilised to document the surface layer effects during the eclipse period using measurements of high frequency fluctuations of temperature, tri-axial wind components as well as mean parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and subsoil temperature. Analysis showed that during the eclipse period, the turbulence parameters were affected leading to the suppression of the turbulence process, the main dynamic process in the atmospheric boundary layer, while the mean parameters showed variations within the natural variability of the observational period. The spectra of the wind components and temperature indicated decrease in spectral power by one order in magnitude during the eclipse period. The rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy is found to decrease by more than one order during the eclipse period. The stability parameter showed a change from unstable to stable condition during the period of eclipse and back to unstable condition by the end of eclipse  相似文献   

17.
Satellite-derived sea-ice extent in the Indian Ocean Sector during the period November 1978 to December 2006 was studied in relation to the atmospheric forcing and oceanic thermohaline structure. The study revealed that sea-ice extent increased when the ocean exhibited higher stability. Low sea-ice extent was observed during 1985 to 1993, when the zonal winds and latent flux was relatively weak and when the ocean exhibited strong vertical mixing facilitated by low stability thereby, deepening the mixed layer to ∼250 m. This was reflected in the ocean surface layer temperature, which was relatively warm (−0.3°C). Winds increased during 1996 to 2000, but due to higher oceanic stability mixed layer depth shallowed (< 200 m) leading to reduced vertical mixing of deep warmer layers with the surface water, leading to an enhancement in the sea-ice extent.  相似文献   

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