共查询到15条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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从1995年国际景观生态学大会看当前国内外景观生态学发展的现状 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对１９９５年世界景观生态学大会和景观生态学发展的国内外现状进行了思考。当今景观生态学与国际生态学的研究热点（全球变化、生物多样性和持续发展）基本一致，但又有自己的特色，其重点领域包括：①生态空间理论与景观异质性研究；②景观变化模型与未来景观规划；③景观系统分析与ＧＩＳ应用等。由于经济发展和社会生态意识的不同，使得该学科在各地区间的发展很不平衡。着重就我国的本领域研究状况与国际水平作了比较 相似文献
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河流景观生态学已成为河流科学研究与应用的新范式,但国内研究还颇为不足。从河流景观生态学发展的逻辑必然性、主要进程、基本内容与重要理论等方面进行了总结。结果显示,多尺度跨学科整体论河流认识要求和景观尺度上处理河流问题的实践需求共同推动河流景观生态学的迅速发展,其中心议题是河流物理景观系统与生物系统在不同等级尺度上的结构、格局与功能过程,尤其重视物理景观与不同等级生物系统的相互作用关系,对河流景观多尺度等级性、高动态性和有向性等突出性质的认识已取得重要理论发展。指出当前面临5个方面的核心议题亟需取得突破:改进和统一河流景观分类系统、河流景观跨尺度研究、河流景观方法对经典河流生态理论的再认识、河流景观机理与模拟、河流景观对气候变化与区域土地利用/覆被变化的响应研究。 相似文献
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20世纪70年代以来，湿地研究成为国际环境科学和生态学研究的热点领域之一。尤其是景观生态学的兴起为湿地研究注入了新的活力,为在区域尺度上开展湿地的综合研究起到了启发和指导作用。空间格局、生态过程与尺度之间的相互关系是景观生态学研究的核心内容。同样，从景观尺度上来研究湿地空间格局与生态过程及其相互关系是当前湿地科学的研究热点。对景观格局与生态过程的研究方法、湿地主要生态过程、湿地景观格局与生态过程相互关系等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述。最后分析了目前湿地景观格局与生态过程相互关系研究中存在的问题与不足,未来湿地生态过程以及湿地格局与生态过程相互关系的研究热点及发展趋势。 相似文献
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景观格局与水土流失的尺度特征与耦合方法 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
景观格局与生态过程的耦合研究是景观生态学研究的核心科学问题,也是综合自然地理学深化和发展的关键.尺度广泛存在于生态学现象中,尺度效应与尺度转换是景观生态学研究面临的挑战,探讨格局与过程之间相互作用机理与尺度特征是为解决尺度问题提供理论依据的必然途径.水土流失作为一种生态过程,是国内外颇为关注的生态问题.依据多种研究手段,在不同尺度上开展景观格局与水土流失的相互关系与尺度特征的研究,在分析景观格局的时空异质性、水土流失的影响因子与尺度效应的基础上,揭示流域景观格局与水土流失的耦合机理,发展尺度转换方法和景观格局-水土流失过程耦合模型,是完善景观生态学的理论基础,是为水土流失区生态建设提供科学依据的重要途径. 相似文献
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岩溶塌陷研究现状及趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为全面掌握当前国际岩溶塌陷研究动态,促进岩溶塌陷综合防治水平提升,重点从成因机制、识别评价和监测预警三个方面总结了当前国内外岩溶塌陷研究现状,以此为基础,综合运用文献和项目数据对国内外岩溶塌陷研究趋势进行了分析。结果显示:人类工程活动与岩溶环境相互作用关系是当前国际岩溶塌陷研究的热点;成因机理定量化、隐患识别快速化、监测预警精细化和风险防控时效化将是未来的重点攻关方向。 相似文献
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Geoff A. Wilson 《Geoforum》2009,40(2):269-280
Based on reconceptualisations of multifunctional agriculture as a normative spectrum of decision-making (strong to weak multifunctionality) bounded by productivist and non-productivist action and thought [Hollander, G.M., 2004. Agricultural trade liberalization, multifunctionality, and sugar in the south Florida landscape. Geoforum 35, 299-312; Holmes, J., 2006. Impulses towards a multifunctional transition in rural Australia: gaps in the research agenda. Journal of Rural Studies 22, 142-160; Wilson, G.A., 2007. Multifunctional Agriculture: A Transition Theory Perspective. CAB International, Wallingford], this paper argues that there is currently insufficient research into the geography of multifunctionality. Building on current human geography debates about issues of scale, the paper suggests that we should conceive of multifunctionality as a spatially complex nested hierarchy comprising different interlinked ’layers’ of multifunctional decision-making ranging from the farm level to the national and global levels. It suggests that the notion of multifunctional agriculture only makes sense if it is applied at the farm level as the most important spatial scale for the implementation of multifunctional action ‘on the ground’. Multifunctionality can be interpreted as having ’direct’ expression only at the ’lower’ geographical scales (i.e. farm, community and regional levels in particular) while the regional, national and global levels show ’indirect’ expressions of multifunctionality that are mediated by local level actors in order to find tangible expression on the ground. The notion of global-level multifunctionality is the most challenging, as this level lacks political and ideological coherence about the required directions necessary for implementation of strong multifunctionality pathways. The paper concludes by arguing that much work still awaits those investigating the spatiality of multifunctionality, in particular with regard to the question whether global-level strong multifunctionality is possible, or whether strong multifunctionality in one territory is predicated on weak multifunctionality in others. 相似文献
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从自然地理学到景观生态学 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Landscape ecology ,as a multidisciplinary field,is relatively new synthetic and holistic science. It evolved from roots in many fields,such as geography,ecology,economy and system science. According to the time一space coupling dynamic model , the development process of landscape ecology can be devided into three phasis:Landscape holistic ecology,spatial structure ecology and regional construction ecology"
The basic theories of landscape ecology included ; ecological evalution , succession , spatial differentianon and biotic diversity，landscape heterogeneity and coexistence of heterogeneity component，island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory ,scale effect and natural hierachical organization theory,biological geochemistry and landscape geochemistry ,ecological reconstruction and ecological location theory.
The scale issue and heteogeneity are the central functional question on the methodology of landscape ecology. Key landscape concepts are structure，function and change. It uses pattern (changse in space)and process(changes in time) as pivotal attributes. More attention should be paid on the macroscopic variation of structure and function of landscape ecology system , edge effect and human impact onthe landscape. 相似文献
The basic theories of landscape ecology included ; ecological evalution , succession , spatial differentianon and biotic diversity，landscape heterogeneity and coexistence of heterogeneity component，island biogeography and spatial mosaic theory ,scale effect and natural hierachical organization theory,biological geochemistry and landscape geochemistry ,ecological reconstruction and ecological location theory.
The scale issue and heteogeneity are the central functional question on the methodology of landscape ecology. Key landscape concepts are structure，function and change. It uses pattern (changse in space)and process(changes in time) as pivotal attributes. More attention should be paid on the macroscopic variation of structure and function of landscape ecology system , edge effect and human impact onthe landscape. 相似文献
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景观地球化学研究现状与进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在界定景观及景观地球化学研究对象及内容的基础上，概述了景观地球化学的思想和研究方法，其中整体论是各种研究方法的基础，非常规研究方法将占据重要地位。同时，对国内外景观地球化学研究的现状及进展进行综述与分析。提出单学科深入与多学科交叉整合发展是2l世纪景观地球化学研究发展的趋势，也是其在地球系统科学研究和实施“可持续发展”战略中发挥重要作用的关键。 相似文献
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Hoshu Chou 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(1):83-88
Because of slender land and high mountain, steep slope, and rapids of natural environment, the whole regional ecosystem has
the changeable terrain and landscape with diverse ecology and species. During the past 300 years, the humanity lives and spreads
on this splendid domain, accomplished the complex, fragment and sensitive of nature and humanities ecosystem, and its Landscape
ecology texture. This paper finds out that, although the National Parks system in China has been in operation for over 30
years and has achieved the objective of species conservation, it is still facing the a conflicting situation and coordinated
demand of its conservation and recreation. With the global tendency of “sustainable development” and “ecotourism”, this paper
suggests that National Park system should establish a sustainable development mechanism integrating “conservation, recreation,
and research.” Therefore, this paper suggests shifting the traditional planning paradigm of resource benefit guidance and
resource valuation framework of Ecological Planning to the “Sustainable Planning” theory and technique that are suitable for
sustainable development concept in order to meet the demand for a new conservation concept and technique of sustainable development
for the human beings dealing with the environment resources. Also, the texture and model of Landscape ecology and the model
and method of Geographic Informational System could be considered as the proper tool. This paper points out that the landscape
ecology texture and tendency should represent the secret code of sustainable development. Furthermore, the situation of the
sustainable development is dynamic, and the GIS model is necessary for corresponding planning. Finally, this paper develops
a suitable sustainable development operation definition and planning methodology to represent the interlacing framework of
ecology (conservation) and human being (e.g., recreation, research, life, etc.) system of National Park management. 相似文献
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长江三角洲经济与社会可持续发展若干问题咨询综合报告 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
中国科学院学部长江三角洲经济与社会可持续发展咨询组 《地球科学进展》1999,14(1):4-10
长江三角洲是我国最大的经济核心区,特别是邓小平同志多次视察上海并决定浦东开发开放以来,这一地区的经济建设取得了举世瞩目的发展。该地区虽仅占有全国１％的土地、６％的人口,但１９９６年所创产值却占国内生产总值的１５１％,相当于全国财政收入的１８７％。同时,该地区也已成为继珠江三角洲之后我国与世界各国经济往来最频繁的地区和海内外投资的新的热点。但是,长江三角洲在经济增长方式、产业结构与布局、农业持续发展、长江口整治与建设上海国际航运中心、环境保护等方面也存在不少亟待研究和解决的问题。受国家计委委托,中国科学院学部从１９９６年开始组织江、浙、沪地区的有关院士和专家,对长江三角洲地区的经济与社会可持续发展的几个重大问题进行了长达两年的调查研究,提出了《长江三角洲经济与社会可持续发展若干问题咨询综合报告》及４个专题报告。本刊摘要转发该综合报告,供国内地学界科技人员从事有关研究时参考。《报告》认为,长江三角洲应在我国率先实现现代化并带动长江沿江经济带和长江流域的发展。在现有经济支柱的基础上,进一步确立长江三角洲在长江流域乃至全国的经济主导地位,建设成为三大基地,发挥四大功能,提供五方面服务,即：成为我国进入世界市场、 相似文献