共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在柱状节理玄武岩工程地质调查、现场精细结构描述等工作基础上,开展了柱状节理玄武岩体的脆性材料模型真三轴物理模拟试验。研究了复合柱状岩体在不同卸荷-加载应力途径下的破裂、破坏机制及不同方向三轴主应力作用下的应力-应变关系及其强度特性;开展的8种不同应力比和6种不同受力方向下各向异性试验结果表明,柱状节理玄武岩体强度、变形特征受三向不等围压和柱状节理特性影响明显,强度变形的各向异性特征显著。试验结果表明,应力比 对试样的强度、变形和破坏模式具有控制作用,随着应力比的变化,试样的极限强度呈现分段特性;较小应力比下试样的变形和破坏模式受应力比和原生节理的共同影响;较大的应力比对试样的变形和破坏模式的影响比原生节理的影响显著;随着应力比的增大,中主应力由约束侧向变形变为主动加载,这一作用的变化影响了极限荷载和破坏模式。 相似文献
2.
节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究是岩石力学领域的重点和难点。水利水电工程与地下工程中天然节理岩体往往处于三向不等压应力状态,针对三向应力状态下节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究较少。其中,单节理岩体渗流-应力耦合特性研究是基础。首先分析与探究了单节理岩体侧向应力作用效果及渗流作用机制,在单节理岩体渗透性-应力耦合分析模型基础上推导了单节理岩体渗流-应力耦合的理论公式。通过室内真三轴渗流-应力耦合试验,基于全局优化算法的非线性拟合及块体离散元数值仿真,验证了所提出理论公式的合理性。基于电路原理,给出了模拟电路与渗流问题的相似物理量,通过引入等效渗流阻方法,探究了典型的含正六边形主干节理网络的渗流-应力耦合特性。该研究结果对实际工程岩体的渗流分析有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
3.
不同倾角节理组和锚固效应对岩体特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先采用DDARF(discontinuous deformation analysis for rock failure)分析方法对双裂隙岩块进行单轴和双轴压缩模拟试验,研究了裂隙角度和侧向应力大小对岩块特性的影响,得到了裂隙岩块在这两种加载试验中的破坏过程、应力-应变曲线以及岩块中裂隙的起裂应力和岩块的峰值强度。在双轴压缩模拟试验中绘制了裂隙角度为45°的岩块在不同侧向压力下的强度包络线。其次,采用DDARF分析方法模拟劈裂试验中含裂隙试块的锚固效果,得到了4种不同锚固角度试块的轴向荷载–位移变化曲线和裂隙扩展规律。模拟结果与前人的类似条件下的试验结果相符良好。随后又将双裂隙试块双轴压缩模拟试验中得到的参数运用到一个地下洞室的工程实例中,用等效力学特性的方法分析对比了完整岩体和节理岩体洞室开挖完成后的破损状态的差异。最后运用DDARF分析方法研究了随机生成4组节理岩体的地下洞室的稳定性,得到了洞室节理围岩的裂隙扩展过程。同时通过对关键点位移的监测分析了锚杆的锚固效应。 相似文献
4.
粗糙度是影响节理岩体强度与变形特性的重要因素之一。首先使用3D 打印机制作模具,并浇筑形成不同粗糙度（节理粗糙度系数JRC=2、7、12、17、22）的节理岩石试样。采用GCTS高温高压动静岩石三轴试验系统,对含有不同粗糙度节理岩石试样进行了三轴压缩试验,获得了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的三轴应力–应变曲线,分析了JRC对岩石三轴强度和变形特性的影响规律,在三轴加载过程中采用声发射测试系统,分析了不同粗糙度节理岩石试样的声发射特性。运用数字三维视频显微系统观察节理面形态,讨论了不同围压下节理岩石试样峰值强度与JRC之间的关系。研究结果表明,节理面的存在直接导致节理岩石试样强度的大幅度降低,JRC对岩石破坏裂纹的形态、数量和空间分布特征亦有很大的影响,随着JRC值的增大,岩石节理面的抗剪强度增大,岩石试样的三轴抗压强度也会增大,岩石试样由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏。 相似文献
5.
This paper presents the results of a series of numerical experiments using the synthetic rock mass (SRM) approach to quantify the behaviour of jointed rock masses. Field data from a massive sulphide rock mass, at the Brunswick mine, were used to develop a discrete fracture network (DFN). The constructed DFN model was subsequently subjected to random sampling whereby 40 cubic samples, of height to width ratio of two, and of varying widths (0.05 to 10 m) were isolated. The discrete fracture samples were linked to 3D bonded particle models to generate representative SRM models for each sample size. This approach simulated the jointed rock mass as an assembly of fractures embedded into the rock matrix. The SRM samples were submitted to uniaxial loading, and the complete stress–strain behaviour of each specimen was recorded. This approach provided a way to determine the complex constitutive behaviour of large‐scale rock mass samples. This is often difficult or not possible to achieve in the laboratory. The numerical experiments suggested that higher post‐peak modulus values were obtained for smaller samples and lower values for larger sample sizes. Furthermore, the observed deviation of the recorded post‐peak modulus values decreased with sample size. The ratio of residual strength of rock mass samples per uniaxial compressive strength intact increases moderately with sample size. Consequently, for the investigated massive sulphide rock mass, the pre‐peak and post‐peak representative elemental volume size was found to be the same (7 × 7 × 14 m). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
A combined finite-discrete element approach is used to simulate the complete 3D fracture process during conventional laboratory testing, including Brazilian indirect tension and uniaxial and biaxial compression. A typical granite rock type (based on the Lac du Bonnet granite) was simulated to investigate the fracture pattern and mechanical strength of brittle rock in the laboratory. Damage intensity parameters (D21 and D32) are introduced and utilized to characterize the induced damage in the models. These parameters provide an improved representation of the cumulative associated damage and facilitate a quantitative characterization of crack intensity during testing. The numerical simulations included both 3D and 2D models, and show that there is a good agreement between the strength response derived from simulations both in 3D and 2D and the considered rock material. A good correlation also exists between the fracture pattern in 3D and the equivalent 2D models. The influence of confinement on the biaxial strength and the associated damage in compression is investigated. While axial splitting is the dominant failure mode at low confinement, finite-discrete element simulations show that a shear failure mode tends to dominate as the confinement increases. The dependency of dilation upon the confining pressure is also demonstrated, the dilation angle decreasing with increased confinement. 相似文献
7.
Ron C. K. Wong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(2):131-153
Oil sands are dense granular materials with interlocked structure and clay shales are heavily overconsolidated clays. They are classified as structured soil or weak rock, exhibiting high peak strength with severe softening and dilation, particularly at low confining stress. The triaxial compression test results indicate that both materials yield linear Mohr–Coulomb envelopes with an apparent cohesion for peak and residual strengths. However, the strength components mobilized from these two materials are very different. This paper investigates if these strength parameters are intrinsic properties or responses derived in triaxial compression conditions. Computer tomography scanning technique is used to aid in examining the micro‐structural features of the sheared specimens such as shear banding pattern, shear band thickness, spatial porosity distributions inside and outside shear bands. These micro‐structural features are used to explain the macro‐deformation response observed in the triaxial compression tests. Mobilization of strength components derived from interlocked structure, cementation, dilation, rolling and critical state are analysed for pre‐, post‐peak softening and residual stages. It is found that the empirical correlation such as Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion based on triaxial compression test results does not necessarily reflect the intrinsic properties of the test materials. Testing conditions are embedded in the empirical correlation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Summary A pillar failure at shallow depth of overburden, featuring the recent formation of subvertical open cracks in the rock was
observed. An extensive laboratory test program including Brazilian tests, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests for obtaining
strength and deformation characteristics of the limestone was executed. Strength from single and multiple failure triaxial
compression tests on intact rock and from tests on small scale rock mass specimens were obtained. Classification of the rock
mass was conducted for use with the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Numerical analysis shows that the strength of the rock
mass exceeds by far the applied stress, suggesting a stable pillar. This typical rock engineering approach to assess rock
mass stability is shown to be inadequate. 相似文献
9.
In this paper results of triaxial and true triaxial testing conducted on physical models of a rock mass are used to describe its post failure behaviour. The specimens comprised of three continuous joint sets and were prepared from blocks of sand lime model material. The testing was performed using a True Triaxial System (TTS) developed by the authors. The results show strain hardening, strain softening and plastic behaviour in the simulated rock mass specimens depending upon joint geometry and stress state. Expressions are suggested to estimate post peak modulus in triaxial and true triaxial stress conditions. Finally, a zonation table is proposed to assess the strain hardening, softening and plasticity behaviour of a rock mass material with the help of joint geometry and confining stress conditions at site. 相似文献
10.
含充填节理岩体相似材料试件单轴压缩试验及断裂损伤研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了单轴压缩条件下裂隙含充填与否对节理岩体力学性能的影响。以相似材料模拟脆性岩石材料制作含预置裂隙试件,在刚性试验机上对试件进行单轴压缩试验,研究了裂隙充填与否对节理岩体强度峰值及峰后塑性变形能力的影响;用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行断裂及损伤分析,研究了裂隙充填与否对节理岩体应力强度因子及损伤因子的影响。研究表明,在单轴压缩情况下,裂隙中含充填与不含充填相比,裂隙含充填岩体峰值强度提高、峰后塑性变形能力增强、总应变能释放率Gc降低,增大了节理岩体抵抗开裂的能力;裂隙含充填岩体环向拉应力场从分布区域及峰值都小于无充填裂隙试件;在同样外荷载作用下,裂隙含充填岩体损伤度小于无充填岩体。 相似文献
11.
Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement. 相似文献
12.
层状岩体单轴和双轴压缩蠕变特性的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以绿片岩和大理岩组成的层状岩体为研究对象,采用FLAC3D对互层状岩体进行了单轴和双轴压缩蠕变试验的数值分析,在数值分析中考虑荷载方向与层理之间的几何关系、大理岩夹层的体积分数、应力水平等的影响。研究结果表明:单轴和双轴压缩条件下,随着夹层倾角由0°增加至90°,轴向和夹层倾斜方向的应变绝对值均呈先增大后减小的变化规律;随着大理岩夹层体积分数的增加,轴向压缩变形和2个侧向方向的膨胀变形量均有所减小。单轴压缩条件下,当轴向荷载方向垂直于层理时,轴向压缩变形均大于轴向荷载方向平行于层理时的轴向压缩变形;双轴压缩条件下,当轴向荷载方向垂直于层理、侧向荷载方向平行于层理时,轴向压缩变形最大,当轴向荷载方向平行于层理、侧向荷载方向垂直于层理时,轴向压缩变形最小。 相似文献
13.
由颗粒定向排列导致的初始各向异性对净砂力学特性影响明显。为探究这一影响,首先采用自编的离散元软件生成4种不同沉积方向的椭圆颗粒净砂样,并分别对4种试样进行双轴压缩试验;其次,通过将离散元模拟结算与室内试验结果对比以验证该方法的可行性;最后,通过分析模拟结果研究沉积方向所产生的影响。结果表明：4种试样均出现应变软化及剪胀现象;随着沉积角? 的增加,试样具有由应变软化逐渐向应变硬化发展的趋势,试样的剪胀性逐渐减弱;在?=0°时试样取得最大峰值内摩擦角和最大残余内摩擦角,且随着? 的增大试样的峰值内摩擦角先降低然后基本不变,残余内摩擦角逐渐减小;颗粒排列初始优势方向基本与沉积方向平行,但随着轴向应变的增大,颗粒排列优势方向逐渐向平行于加载面方向旋转,接触点的优势方向由最初垂直于沉积方向逐渐向垂直于加载面方向旋转,且这两种旋转的改变幅度随着沉积角? 的增大而增大;而强接触力的优势方向始终垂直于试样的加载面。 相似文献
14.
Zhechao Wang Shucai Li Liping Qiao Jiangang Zhao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1603-1615
A series of laboratory tests were performed to examine the fatigue behavior of granite subjected to cyclic loading under triaxial compression condition. In these tests, the influences of volumetric change and residual strain on the deformation modulus of granite under triaxial cyclic compression were investigated. It is shown that the fatigue behavior of granite varies with the tendency for volumetric change in triaxial cyclic compression tests. In the stress–strain space, there are three domains for fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading, namely the volumetric compaction, volumetric dilation with strain-hardening behavior, and volumetric dilation with strain-softening behavior domains. In the different domains, the microscopic mechanisms for rock deformation are different. It was also found that the stress level corresponding to the transition from volumetric compaction to volumetric dilation could be considered as the threshold for fatigue failure. The potential of fatigue deformation was compared with that of plastic deformation. The comparison shows that rocks exhibit higher resistances to volumetric deformation under cyclic loading than under plastic loading. The influence of residual strain on the fatigue behavior of rock was also investigated. It was found that the axial residual strain could be a better option to describe the fatigue behavior of rock than the loading cycle number. A constitutive model for the fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading is proposed according to the test results and discussion. In the model, the axial residual strain is considered as an internal state variable. The influences of confining pressure and peak deviatoric stress on the deformation modulus are considered in a term named the equivalent stress. Comparison of test results with model predictions shows that the proposed model is capable of describing the prepeak fatigue behavior of rock subjected to cyclic loading. 相似文献
15.
Plane Strain Testing with Passive Restraint 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A plane strain condition for testing rock is developed through passive restraint in the form of a thick-walled cylinder. The so-called biaxial frame generates the intermediate principal stress that imposes a triaxial state of stress on a prismatic specimen. Major and minor principal stresses and corresponding strains are accurately measured, providing data to calculate the elastic (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio), inelastic (dilatancy angle), and strength (friction angle and cohesion) parameters of the rock. Results of experiments conducted on Indiana limestone in plane strain compression are compared with the results of axisymmetric compression and extension. With proper system calibration, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are consistent among the tests. The plane strain apparatus enforces in-plane deformation with the three principal stresses at failure being different, and it allows one to determine the Paul-Mohr-Coulomb failure surface, which includes an intermediate stress effect. 相似文献
16.
为了解节理对泥质粉砂岩卸荷流变规律的影响,进行了同起始围压,不同应力水平下的节理泥质粉砂岩分级卸荷流变试验。首先,详细介绍了节理试样的预制方法及卸荷流变试验的过程,然后,研究了节理试样在不同应力水平作用下的轴向及侧向流变应变变化规律,得出节理倾角为0°的试样轴向及侧向流变应变随围压降低的增大趋势最陡,节理倾角为60°的试样其次,节理倾角为40°的试样最缓。同时,分析了节理对轴向及侧向流变速率变化趋势的影响,探讨了不同倾角节理试样的卸荷流变破裂机制。研究结果较为全面地掌握了节理泥质粉砂岩的卸荷流变基本规律,为进一步建立节理岩体的流变本构模型及参数辨识提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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18.
PT3型岩石高压真三轴仪的研制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
This paper introduces the structural characters and functions of the rock high pressure true triaxial machine newly developed and some research results with this machine. By the rock high pressure true triaxial machine, three principal stresses can be controlled and changed independently, so that any stress state and stress path in engineering rock mass and earth’s crust can be simulated. It is an important development of Karman type general triaxial machine.
By RT3 type rock high pressure true triaxial machine, the maximum principal stress can be applied up to 800 MPa, the intermediate and minimum principal stress up to 200 MPa. The strains and parameters of sonic wave in the directions of three principal stresses can also be determined. The machine is used well for studying the basic theory on rock mechanics, the stability of engineering rock mass and the behaviors of earthquake precursors. 相似文献
19.
新庄煤矿立井采用冻结法施工技术,在井筒开挖的过程中,由于侧向卸荷作用导致围岩产生卸荷变形。从新庄煤矿立井现场采集白垩系中粒砂岩,对加工后的岩样进行饱水处理,然后利用GCTS电液伺服控制高低温高压岩石三轴测试系统进行冻结（-10 ℃）条件下的恒轴压、卸围压三轴试验,模拟在井筒开挖过程中围岩的应力变化路径,探索冻结砂岩的变形特性。研究表明：侧向卸荷条件下冻结砂岩表现出弹-脆性特征,轴向表现为压缩变形,径向表现为膨胀变形,径向变形量约为轴向变形量的2倍;当卸荷速率一定时,岩样的卸荷变形随初始围压的增大而增大,尤其是径向变形最为显著,这可能与卸荷回弹变形及岩样内部聚集的能量大小有关;围压卸荷到同一应力水平时,高卸荷速率下岩样的卸荷变形量较小,而变形速率较大;卸荷作用导致岩样变形模量减小,横向应变与纵向应变之比增大,卸荷速率越小,初始围压越大,应变之比变化越大。 相似文献
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