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1.
Fifty-two ostracod taxa were identified from two sediment cores collected from the early Badenian ?idlochovice stratotype. Ostracod assemblages were analyzed with a focus on taxonomy, paleoecology, distribution of taxa along the sediment cores, quantification of valve/carapace ratios, and species richness by Simpson??s Reciprocal Index. The changes in ostracod assemblages identified in these cores reflect a shallowing of the marine water-depth from circalittoral/epibathyal to shallow infralittoral, and an increase in the sedimentation rate upwards through time. A comparison of all Badenian ostracod assemblages in the Carpathian Foredeep indicates a high proportion of deep-water ostracod species in ?idlochovice and its surroundings, suggesting that the deepest part of the Carpathian Foredeep was probably situated in this part of the Czech Republic. 相似文献
2.
The investigation of the exposed middle Miocene strata from Wadi Sudr yielded well-preserved ostracod carapaces. Detailed taxonomic and paleontological studies led to the recognition of 36 ostracod species belonging to 25 genera, 4 species of them were considered new which fully described. Three assemblage biozones were recorded as follows: Actinocythereis spinosa–Actinocythereis hystrix zone, Chrysocythere cataphracta muricata-Cytheretta africana zone, and Disopontocypris schweijeri-Bythocypris tripolensis zone. The recorded biozones were calibrated with the previously studied middle Miocene planktonic foraminiferal biozones on the same samples and also correlated with the Miocene ostracod biozones from the neighboring countries. Our ostracod assemblages present in the lower and upper parts of the studied section (section II) indicated an inner neritic marine environment of moderate energy of currents and rapid sedimentation, while the assemblages in the middle part showed more deeper (outer neritic) environments with low energy of currents and low rate of sedimentation. The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the studied ostracods showed high affinity with the ostracod assemblages of the southern Mediterranean and moderate to low affinities with that of the northern and eastern Mediterranean respectively. The highly ornamented ostracod species with structures on the carapace were recorded from both Northern and Southern Mediterranean, while the smooth ones were found in the Southern Mediterranean only. The highly ornamented species are more widely distributed in both Southern and Northern Mediterranean than the smooth species. This may indicate that the ornamented species are more able to migrate than the smooth ones. 相似文献
3.
In the latest Early to Middle Miocene section of the Kingfish 8 well, offshore Gippsland Basin, the characteristically deep‐marine ostracod genus Zabythocypris is a conspicuous component of ostracod assemblages dominated by species of the genera Argilloecia, Krithe and Parakrithe. The taphonomy and taxonomic composition of the assemblages suggests that they accumulated in an upper bathyal environment (500–1000 m water depth) occurring in a lower continental slope setting. Supporting evidence for these deep‐marine ostracod assemblages occurring near the upper limit of their palaeobathymetrical range is the broadly coincident occurrence of the deep‐marine taxa Legitimocythere sp. and Neonesidea whatleyi Warne, in what would otherwise be considered an outer‐shelf (120–160 m) ostracod fauna at Fossil Beach, Mornington. Ostracod occurrences indicative of dysaerobic sea‐floor conditions in the Kingfish 8 well and Fossil Beach sections, when considered together, appear to record a shallowing of the oceanic oxygen‐minimum zone during the latest Early Miocene to earliest Middle Miocene transgressive phase of southeast Australia. 相似文献
4.
新疆乌鲁木齐地区上石炭亚系祁家沟组地层出露较完整,沉积序列清晰,古生物化石丰富,但一直以来对祁家沟组的时代多有争论,且介形类研究薄弱。笔者在新疆乌鲁木齐地区祁家沟剖面上石炭亚系祁家沟组中鉴定出的介形类共计11属19种,并系统研究了这些介形类的组合面貌、地层分布,探讨了其古环境和古地理意义。结果表明: (1)根据介形类的组合面貌推断,祁家沟剖面祁家沟组的时代应为晚石炭亚纪莫斯科期—卡西莫夫期; (2)祁家沟组介形类生态类型属于古足目类和光滑速足目类的混合集群,符合构造活动区域的介形类OA1-OA3组合特征; (3)根据介形类的生态组合变化以及沉积学的证据,推断祁家沟剖面祁家沟组整体为滨、浅海沉积,存在海退序列; (4)祁家沟组介形类面貌与同时期的塔里木、准噶尔、中天山以及俄罗斯乌拉尔地区等产出的介形类最为相近,与北美、西欧和华北等板块的介形类也较为相似,表明晚石炭亚纪准噶尔、塔里木等块体聚集,并且距离劳俄大陆较近,所以其可与欧洲、北美板块的介形类进行属种交流。研究结果不仅进一步丰富了祁家沟组的化石材料,也对探索古亚洲洋演化特征和区域矿产开发具有重要的意义。 相似文献
5.
Anna Stepanova Ekaterina Taldenkova Henning A. Bauch 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(4):557-577
Fossil ostracod assemblages were investigated in five AMS 14 C‐dated cores from various water depths of the Laptev and Kara seas ranging from the upper continental slope (270 m) to the present‐day shelf depth (40 m). Six fossil assemblages were distinguished. These represent the varying environmental conditions at the North Siberian continental margin since about 18 ka. In the cores from the shelf the ostracod assemblages reflect the gradual transition from an estuarine brackish‐water environment to modern marine conditions since 12.3 ka, as induced by the regional early Holocene transgression. The core from the upper continental slope dates back to c. 17.6 ka and contains assemblages that are absent in the shelf cores. The assemblage older than 10 ka stands out as a specific community dominated by relatively deep‐water Arctic and North Atlantic species that also contains euryhaline species. Such an assemblage provides evidence for past inflows of Atlantic‐derived waters from as early as c. 17.2 ka, probably facilitated by upwelling in coastal polynyas, and a considerable riverine freshwater influence with enhanced surface water stratification owing to the proximity of the palaeocoastline until early Holocene times. In all studied cores, relative increases in euryhaline species dominant in the inner‐shelf regions are recorded in the mid–late Holocene sediments (<7 ka), which otherwise already contain modern‐like ostracod assemblages with relatively deep‐water species. This observation suggests euryhaline species to be largely sea‐ice‐ and/or iceberg‐rafted and therefore may provide evidence for a climate cooling trend. 相似文献
6.
介壳微量元素具有重要的沉积古环境古气候意义,结合介壳微量元素含量变化特征和介壳化石组合生态环境特征可得到柴达木盆地西部上干柴沟组中上段更为详尽的古环境古气候演化特征。柴达木盆地西部上干柴沟组中上段介壳微量元素比值Sr/Ca、Ba/Ca、U/Ca及元素Sr、Ba、U在A阶段（28.35~26.42 Ma）值较低,B阶段（26.42~23.08 Ma）值整体较高,段末值有所下降,C阶段（23.08~22.33 Ma）值明显上升,Mn/Ca和Mn值变化大致相反。A阶段Sr/Ca和Sr均值（分别为0.002 278、37.76×10-9）较低,B阶段均值（分别为0.003 347、41.46×10-9）较高,C阶段二者均值（分别为0.003 346、56.06×10-9）也较高,Ba/Ca、U/Ca、B、U有着类似的平均值变化特征,Mn/Ca和Mn值有着相反的平均值变化特征。同时相应各阶段介壳化石组合有所不同。通过介壳微量元素变化及化石组合特征,结合同期深海氧同位素及前人研究成果表明,上干柴沟组中上段柴西古湖古环境古气候演化特征为: A阶段,盐度较低和还原性较强,水位较高,气候相对温暖润湿;B阶段,整体盐度较高和氧化性较强,水位较浅,气候整体炎热干旱,段末气候干旱程度降低;C阶段,盐度和氧化性增高,湖水变浅,气候向冷干演化,响应了早中新世中国西北内陆干旱化。该地区该时段古气候主要受全球气候演化和青藏高原隆升的影响,与副特提斯海西退也有一定关系。 相似文献
7.
北戴河潮间带现代介形虫的分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由北戴河潮间带的12个样品分析得到介形虫29属46种。由于具体的小生境,缺少淡水介形虫, 北戴河潮间带底栖动物丰富,介形虫组合的主要特征与胶州湾东北角小海湾及东、黄海潮间带和潮下带介形虫的组合相似。在风化、潮汐和波浪等作用下,潮间带介形虫的壳体表面受机械磨蚀和破坏保存不好,充分反映出其异地埋藏特点。 通过研究北戴河潮间带介形虫,为研究我国辽阔沿海地区潮间带和潮下带介形虫的组合特征、分布范围及地理分区提供了很有价值的资料,并对海洋地质学、古生态学及沉积相等的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
The foraminifera and ostracods observed in a late Holocene sedimentary sequence within a fluvial valley at Boca do Rio in the coastal zone of the western Algarve, Portugal, reveal a general, though not smooth transition from marine to fluvial conditions. The relative influence of these two environments appears to depend on the degree of permeability of the barrier system at the coast. Optically stimulated luminescence dates and palaeoecological information obtained from the sequence suggest that barrier formation may be related to changes in climate and/or patterns of ocean current circulation. An unusual deposit rich in sand and gravel found within the otherwise mud-dominated sequence has been dated at AD 1801 ± 76 years. This deposit contains foraminifera and ostracods which indicate marine conditions, and which contrast markedly with the brackish-water, estuarine assemblages found in the mud deposits. The rapid transition in the foraminifera and ostracod assemblages indicates a short-lived coastal flooding, which may represent the tsunami associated with the Lisbon earthquake of AD 1755. The variations in the foraminifera and ostracod assemblages also suggest subsidence during the earthquake, with uplift having occurred in the period since then. 相似文献
10.
Eleanor Nye Susanne Feist-Burkhardt David J. Horne Andrew J. Ross John E. Whittaker 《Cretaceous Research》2008,29(3):417-444
In 2001 a partial skeleton of an Iguanodon was discovered in the Upper Weald Clay (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) at Smokejacks Brickworks near Ockley, Surrey, UK. When the dinosaur was excavated, a detailed stratigraphic section was logged and 25 samples taken for palynological and micropalaeontological (ostracod and megaspore) analysis, including a detailed sample set of the dinosaur bed itself. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the palynoflora revealed rich and well-preserved non-marine assemblages of pollen and spores, including early angiosperms, and freshwater green algae. Four types of angiosperm pollen are described and assigned to the genus Retimonocolpites Pierce, 1961, but left in open nomenclature. Some marine elements such as dinoflagellate cysts are identified as the result of reworking of Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments. The pollen/spore assemblages depict a vegetational change from principally gymnosperm-dominated assemblages at the base to principally pteridophyte-dominated assemblages at the top of the section. The dinosaur bed shows a pteridophyte-dominated assemblage, with a significantly high amount of the freshwater green alga Scenedesmus novilunaris He Cheng-quan et al., 1992. Samples close to the dinosaur bed yielded the first useful ostracod finds from Smokejacks Brickworks: well-preserved assemblages containing Cypridea clavata (Anderson, 1939), Damonella cf. pygmaea (Anderson, 1941), Stenestroemia cf. cressida Anderson, 1971 and Stenestroemia sp. A, and fragments and damaged valves of a thin-shelled ostracod, possibly belonging to Mantelliana Anderson, 1966. Those identified as Cypridea clavata show a wide range of morphological variety and in opposition to Anderson's (1967, 1985) taxonomic scheme, which would assign them to up to five different taxa, they are considered to be intraspecific variants of a single species. The possibilities and limitations of age determination of the Wealden sediments using palynomorphs and ostracods are discussed; distinct forms of early angiosperm pollen, together with the ostracod fauna, are consistent with an early Barremian age. Pollen and spores are discussed in terms of their parent plants and the reconstruction of vegetation and palaeoclimate. Palynology and ostracods give evidence for temporary freshwater conditions at the time when the Iguanodon died and the carcase was buried. 相似文献
11.
12.
Freshwater ostracods as environmental tracers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
F. Ruiz M. Abad A. M. Bodergat P. Carbonel J. Rodríguez-Lázaro M. L. González-Regalado A. Toscano E. X. García J. Prenda 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(5):1115-1128
This paper revises the response of freshwater ostracods to different environmental conditions and anthropogenic impacts, with a worldwide overview of the potential use of these microcrustaceans as bioindicators and several examples of applications in different scenarios. The development of either a single species or an ostracod assemblage is influenced by physical–chemical properties of waters (salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen), hydraulic conditions, bottom grain sizes or sedimentation rates. In addition to population and community changes, morphological and geochemical changes can also be detected in the ostracod carapace, which serves as a tracer of the water quality. All these features permit to delimit the spatial effects of urban sewages, mining effluents, agricultural wastes, watershed deforestation or road building. These data are the basis for the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of cores, with an interesting application to archaeology. In addition, favourable results of recently developed bioassays, coupled with an important variability of local assemblages under changing conditions in both waters and sediments, suggest that these microcrustaceans may included between the most promising sentinels groups in freshwater areas. These microcrustaceans show high sensitivity to pesticides, herbicides, heavy metal pollution and oil inputs. 相似文献
13.
Claudius M. Pirkenseer Silvia Spezzaferri Claudio Stalder 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2018,111(3):549-560
The ostracod assemblages from sediment core TTR17-401G recovered from the Melilla cold-water coral mound field in the eastern Alboran Sea spanning the last 13 ka are analysed quantitatively, taxonomically and palaeoecologically. The core can be subdivided in three distinct assemblages linked to environmental shifts during the Younger Dryas and the Bølling–Allerød interstadial. A total of 9 ostracod species is recorded, Paracypris polita is dominant throughout the core. Common accessory taxa Cytherella robusta, Echinocythereis vidua and Macromckenziea ligustica characterize the well-oxygenated ostracod assemblage 2 affected by the Younger Dryas. Favourable growth conditions for ostracods during the latter are indicated by large-sized Krithe praetexta specimens. 相似文献
14.
Discovery of a middle Permian ostracod fauna in the marine Khuff Formation (Sultanate of Oman), combined with palaeobotanical data from the immediately underlying continental Gharif Formation, supports new interpretations of the palaeobiogeography of the Tethys during the late Palaeozoic. A mixed ostracod fauna existed on the Arabian platform. This new record of Permian ostracods, combined with recent data obtained in other Tethyan areas, emphasizes the close relationship between the south-western Tethys realm and South China. The macro- and microfloral assemblages of the continental Gharif Formation demonstrate that this palaeoflora represents a true mixed association in which Gondwanan, Cathaysian and Euramerian elements are intermingled. Two main models exist for the reconstruction of Pangaea during the late Palaeozoic. Both ostracods and palaeobotanical evidence favour the reduction of the oceanic area between South China and Arabian plate as in the B Pangaea model favoured by recent palaeomagnetic data. 相似文献
15.
塔里木盆地东北部新生代介形类与沉积环境 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
塔里木盆地东北部库车以东地区下第三系化石罕见。该地区主要为红色含膏盐的粗碎屑岩沉积。中新世以来 ,由于喜马拉雅运动的影响 ,天山不断隆升 ,导致本区加速沉降 ,出现滨浅湖沉积环境 ,介形类逐渐繁盛。中新世中晚期半咸水介形类 Cyprideis爆发 ,广泛出现Cyprideis占绝对优势的半咸水浅湖环境含膏砂泥岩沉积 ,与东邻柴达木盆地阿尔金山以南地区相似。上新世以来 ,本区沉降速率猛增 ,堆积速率更快 ,基本上处于超补偿沉积 ,湖泊大规模萎缩 ,介形类数量锐减。由于喜马拉雅运动晚期的影响 ,天山山脉库车—库尔勒一线以北的山峰不断隆升 ,本区第四纪湖区规模比上新世大大扩展 ,湖泊范围比中新世显著向南迁移 ,Cyprideis再度繁盛并占优势 ,早更新世晚期距今大约不足百万年 ,本区尤其是库南 1井地区 ,除继续出现丰富的 Cyprideis外 ,突然出现淡水 -微咸水介形类 ,形成一个属种多样的高分异度介形类动物群 ,与柴达木盆地南部昆仑山北麓的介形类组合类似 ,主要有 Candona torosa,Candoniella lactea,Candona neglecta,Candona arcina,Cypridopsis vidua,Limnocythereinopinata,Cypris subglobosa,Ilyocypris gibba,Ilyocpyrisbiplicata,Eucyprisinflata,Candoniellaalbicans,Darwinula sp.,Stenocypris sp.等。 相似文献
16.
察尔汗盐湖作为柴达木盆地第四纪的沉积中心,沉积了巨厚的第四系湖相沉积,其演化历史研究对于揭示柴达木盆地及青藏高原北部第四纪古气候、古环境演变历史具有重要意义。本文在AMS 14C测年的基础上,以察尔汗盐湖晚更新世钻孔(ZK53630-1)岩芯中介形类微体化石为研究对象,通过系统的采样和室内分析,共识别出7属10种。基于分类学研究,识别出2个介形类组合(自下而上):Ilyocypris biplicata-Limnocythere inopinata和Ilyocypris bradyi-Ilyocypris sebeiensis。介形类及其伴生化石均显示察尔汗古湖在距今34～28 ka期间的晚更新世晚期(MIS 3a)主体为淡水—微咸水湖泊,气候温暖湿润,与现今极端干旱的盐湖环境截然不同。 相似文献
17.
Francisco Ruiz Manuel Abad Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal Manuel Pozo 《Quaternary Research》2010,73(1):130-239
This review analyses the ostracod record in Holocene tsunami deposits, using an overview of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami impact on its recent populations and the associated tsunamigenic deposits, together with results from numerous investigations of other Holocene sequences. Different features such as the variability of the local assemblages, population density, species diversity, age population structure (e.g., percentages of adults and juvenile stages) or taphonomical signatures suggest that these microorganisms may be included amongst the most promising tracers of these high-energy events in marshes, lakes, lagoons or shallow marine areas. 相似文献
18.
本文在四川洪雅联合向斜原白垩系灌口组地层中新发现了古近系芦山组地层,并详细描述了洪雅联合地区芦山组实测地层剖面。结合前人研究资料讨论了川西地区芦山组的空间分布、岩性组合特征及沉积环境。根据化石组合及分布规律,在芦山组地层中划分出一个介形虫组合带(Pinnocypris-Limnocythere-Ilyocypris组合带)和两个轮藻组合带(Gyrogona qianjiangic-Obtusochara jianglingensi组合带及Maedlerisphaera chinensis-Obtasochara brevicylindrica组合带),据此推断川西地区芦山组的地质时代为晚始新世-中渐新世。 相似文献
19.
松辽盆地青山口地区嫩江组下部生物地层及环境变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对松辽盆地青山口地区后金沟剖面进行化石的系统采样、鉴定和分析,识别出了介形类Cypridea gunsu-linensis-Cypridea ardua和Ilyocyprimorpha netchaevae-Periacanthella portentosa-Cypridea ordinata组合,孢粉Proteacidites-Cyathidites-Dictyotriteles和Lythraites-Aquilapollenites-Schizaeoisporites组合。根据介形类、孢粉化石组合,结合叶肢介化石和岩性等资料,厘定了该剖面的层位,认为后金沟剖面属于嫩江组一段上部-二段下部。在生物地层研究的基础上,探讨了沉积时期的古生态、古环境、古气候分析。根据介形类化石的保存特征及丰度、分异度,并结合其他资料,推测在嫩江组一段-二段沉积过渡期发生了一次大规模的湖侵。伴随着湖侵,介形类经历了一个衰退、消亡、复苏的过程。根据对孢粉的分析,认为该沉积期总体属于湿润到半湿润的热带、亚热带气候,其中在嫩江组二段底部黑色页岩的沉积期显得气候更加湿热,向上开始逐渐变干凉。 相似文献
20.
以非海相介形类为依据而建立的侏罗纪末至白垩纪的生物地层学,尤其是欧洲所谓"Purbeck-Wealden层段"(提塘阶顶部至巴列姆阶/阿普特阶底部)和全球同期沉积层的生物地层学建立已久,但这一生物地层学存有很多问题与局限性。本文对中生代晚期(聚焦于早白垩世)的非海相介形类生物地层学的基本原理、历史、目前进展、存在问题和前景进行了综述。因为介形类的繁殖、扩散与成种机制已有比较成熟的研究,所以介形类的生物地层学的应用潜力被认识已久。然而,全球不同地区中生代晚期的非海相介形类众多的研究积累已构成了一个丰富但常常混乱和矛盾的文献库。这些问题不仅存在于介形类的分类鉴定中,也见于关于古环境和系统发育的解释中。虽然地区性的盆地内的介形类生物地层学研究已产生了好结果,并可能能够用于局部地区的高精度对比。但是在进行地区间(盆地间至全球)的对比时,其实用性广遭怀疑。在过去的二十年间,许多学者采用了将今论古的古生物学研究方法,努力修订和更新中生代晚期的非海相介形类的生物地层学与古环境意义,从而促进了地区间生物地层学研究和对比的发展。古生物学家认识到,对于许多非海相介形类动物来讲,它们的分布和扩散不仅仅局限于单个的水系或较小的地理区域,而是和现生的非海相介形类一样,晚侏罗世至白垩纪的非海相介形类动物和它们的卵可被较大的动物或风长距离搬运,跨越迁移的屏障,进行扩散。鉴于以上事实,地区间的对比必须涉及两大内容:分类学的应用与古环境背景。缺乏适用于地区—全球的稳定和一致的分类学系统是进行正确对比的重要障碍。由于大量地方性分类命名、地方性特有动物的假设、与壳体特征相关的分类和生态型认识的混乱,以及对种内变异尺度的统一认识的缺乏,导致了对生物分异度的过高或过低的估量。非海相白垩纪介形类的地层记录受到诸多因素的影响:分类单元的演化与灭绝、扩散事件、当地的环境变化和地区性至全球的气候变迁。在生物地层学的应用中,我们可以通过不同手段去把握同时代的Cytheroidea,特别是Cypridoidea中具重要地层意义的Cypridea属及其亲近者(即CypridoideaMartin,1940)的分类单元的形态变异度。解释种内变异时需要格外谨慎。区分生物自生(内因)导致的变异(遗传的和形态的变异)和环境(外因)导致的变异(生态表型)是一大难题。比较保守的分类学观念(分类单元很少,但变异极大(分类单元中包含了多种生态表型))有助于不同古环境间的(生物地层)对比。另一方法是运用随着时间的古环境变化及其对介形类组合的组成的影响来进行(生物地层)对比。古生物工作者已在利用受环境控制的周期性介形类组合变化建立对比关系方面进行了大量有意义的尝试,但这些工作仍处在争议中。建立全球生物地层学方法,建立统一而持久的分类概念这一目标可以达到,但不可能在短期内实现。用现代的思想(概念)理解和研究非海相介形类的古生物学和古生物地理学及新资料将有助于修订工作的进展。尽管我们对中生代的非海相介形类的演化和分布的认识还很不全面,但目前我们已取得了可喜的进展。盆地间至大陆间的对比是否可行,早已不是问题。目前和未来的指导原则无疑是发展以介形类为基础,并与其他的年代地层学和地质年代学资料及方案相结合的从地区至全球范围的地层对比系统。因为我们正在迈向一个非海相晚中生代介形类生物地层学的重新解释和应用的新时代,我们必须承认我们还有许多东西需要学习。 相似文献