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2004年新疆地质矿产勘查进展及2005年工作思路 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
2004年新疆地质勘查工作在铜镍、金、铅锌、锑、钨、铁、煤和非金属等矿产勘查方面取得了重要进展，发现了一批矿产地，扩大了矿床远景，增加了资源储量，确定了一批有找矿前景的重要成矿区带、基础地质研究工作也有新发现和新认识，2005年地质勘查工作将继续坚持“主攻天山，深化阿尔泰山，开拓昆仑、阿尔金山”的总体布局和“区划、区调、物化探、勘查、科研五统一”的工作原则，主攻煤、富铁、铜镍、富铅锌、金、铀等国家和自治区急需的矿产及具有大型．超大型找矿前景和显开发效益的矿床．围绕找矿部署，开展基础性地质矿产调查工作和矿产资源评价工作；服务矿山开发，开展商业性矿产勘查工作；采取突出重点、加大投入、强化综合找矿、加强生产科研联合攻关等措施，努力实现地质找矿新突破。 相似文献
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本文对甘南大夏河流域现存的生态环境问题进行了识别与诊断,对其生态问题成因进行了剖析,提出了相应的修复措施。研究显示,矿山环境破坏、草地退化沙化、水土流失、湿地萎缩和生物多样性减少是甘南大夏河流域目前主要的生态环境问题。针对这些主要问题,基于山水林田湖草沙一体化生态修复理念,划分了三个生态修复单元,确立了自然恢复、保护保育、辅助再生、生态重塑四种生态修复模式,提出了以水源涵养为核心的区域生态保护与修复策略,重点布设与实施矿山生态修复、草原生态保护修复、小流域生态保护修复、湿地和生物多样性保护修复、生态环境监测预警与评价系统等五大生态保护与修复工程。该研究可为甘南大夏河流域生态保护与修复提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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三维城市地质信息平台综合利用GIS、数字地质、现代数据库、计算机网络等技术,对研究范围的基础地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质、地面沉降、地球物理、地球化学、遥感、灾害地质等多专业的地质信息和成果进行集成和综合,实现对地质信息管理、更新维护、检索查询、分析评价、三维地质模拟和成果显示,在此基础上对城市地表与地下空间结构组织与空间资源、地质灾害、地下水资源与地质环境保护、地面沉降监测与防治、城市规划与建设、土地质量与后备资源等进行分析评价和预测模拟。 相似文献
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D. E. Ayres 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):155-168
The main Woodlawn ore lens is a polymetallic, massive sulphide deposit’ with pyrite the major constituent, variable sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, and minor arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, pyrrhotite and electrum. The silicate gangue minerals are chlorite, quartz, talc and sericitic mica. Other mineralization in the vicinity consists of footwall copper ore in chlorite schist and several smaller massive sulphide lenses. The predominant country rocks are felsic volcanics and shales, with abundant quartz, chlorite and mica, and talc in mineralized zones. An important textural feature of the massive ore is the fine compositional banding. Bands, which vary in thickness from a few tens of micrometres to several millimetres, are produced by variations in the sulphide content. Post‐depositional metomorphism and minor fracturing have only slightly modified this banding. Apart from the major element constituents—Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and S—the ore is characterized by significant (100–1000 ppm) values for Ag, As, Cd, Mn, Sb and Sn, and lower (1–100 ppm) values of Au, Bi, Co, Ga, Hg, Mo, Ni, Tl. In and Ge. Variations in the base‐metal sulphide content, the gangue mineralogy, and trace elements, are used to separate the orebody into hanging‐wall and footwall zones. The hanging‐wall zone shows a more variable trace element content, with higher Tl, Sn, Ni, Mn, Ge and Sb, but lower Ag, Cd, and Mo, than the footwall zone. In general style of mineralization, mineralogy, and chemistry, the Woodlawn deposit resembles other volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in eastern Australia, in New Brunswick in Canada, and the Kuroko deposits of Japan. 相似文献
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The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Rob Kitchin 《GeoJournal》2014,79(1):1-14
‘Smart cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and, drawing on a number of examples, details how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructure that produce ‘big data’. Such data, smart city advocates argue enables real-time analysis of city life, new modes of urban governance, and provides the raw material for envisioning and enacting more efficient, sustainable, competitive, productive, open and transparent cities. The final section of the paper provides a critical reflection on the implications of big data and smart urbanism, examining five emerging concerns: the politics of big urban data, technocratic governance and city development, corporatisation of city governance and technological lock-ins, buggy, brittle and hackable cities, and the panoptic city. 相似文献
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太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。 相似文献
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N. M. Chernyshov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(8):684-697
High-carbonaceous stratified formations and related metasomatic rocks of global abundance are among highly promising sources of gold and platinum-group metals (PGMs) in the 21st century. The Au-PGM mineralization of the black-shale type hosted in the Early Karelian Kursk and Oskol groups in central Russia is characterized by complex multicomponent and polymineralic composition (more than 60 ore minerals, including more than 20 Au and PGM phases) and diverse speciation of noble metals in form of (1) native elements (gold, palladium, platinum, osmium, silver); (2) metallic solid solutions and intermetallic compounds (Pt-bearing palladium, Fe-bearing platinum, gold-platinum-palladium, osmiridium, rutheniridosmin, platiridosmin, platosmiridium, Hg-Te-Ag-bearing gold, gold-silver amalgam, arquerite, palladium stannide (unnamed mineral), platinum-palladium-gold-silver-tin); (3) PGM, Au, and Ag sulfoarsenides, tellurides, antimonides, selenides, and sulfosalts (sperrylite, irarsite, hessite, Pd and Pt selenide (unnamed mineral)), testibiopalladinite, Pd antimonide (unnamed mineral), etc.; and (4) impurities in ore-forming sulfides, sulfoarsenides, tellurides, antimonides, and selenides. The chemical analyses of PGM and Au minerals are presented, and their morphology and microstructure are considered. 相似文献
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流体构造动力学及其研究现状与进展 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
流体构造动力学是介于流体地质学和构造地质学之间的一个重要前沿领域 ,主要研究由流体的温度和压力等物理状态及其变化、流体的迁移与运动和流体与岩石矿物发生化学反应等物理与化学过程所引起的构造作用和动力学机制 ,研究内容涉及流体与构造的关系、流体的构造作用方式、流体构造类型与动力学成因机制。对流体构造动力学主要研究方向的研究成果进行了总结和回顾 ,介绍了流体构造动力学的一些研究进展 ,并指出流体是地壳运动、造山作用及岩石的褶皱和断裂等构造过程的重要参与者和组织者。 相似文献
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科学和工程研究被计算、信息和通讯技术的持续进步推动着，被今天自身研究增加的复杂性、范围和尺度的挑战拉动着。数字计算、数据、信息和网络以及计算机模拟技术的应用，正在形成替代和拓展理论/分析、实验/观察2个经典的研究方法去创建新的学科的趋势。近来多种趋势表明一个如何创造、传播和存储科学和工程知识更伟大、更迅速的真正变革即将到来，美国应当把握这个机遇、承担责任，去整合和拓展数字革命的成果，服务于下一代的科学和工程研究及相关教育。高端计算机网络共享系统的关键在于将数据、信息、工具、仪器，包括超级计算、存储以及交流等综合性的知识资源完全服务于具体的研究群体，提供新的途径，使研究人员在发现和探索研究上获得更多更好的信息，使得研究小组跨时间、区域、部门甚至学科间实现共享和协作。坚持美国学术研究团体所使用的高端科学计算必须是最先进的，国际科学基金会与其它适当团体机构间的合作应该为创造和维持现代数据驱动科学研究所必需的重要数据资料档案库负主要责任2个原则，并通过建立NSF内部组织、科学和工程组织来保障系统的实施。这是美国国家科学基金会(NSF)信息基础设施（Cyberinfrustructure）高级咨询组的报告《通过信息基础设施促进科学和工程的革命》的主要内容。
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Riad A. Higazy 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1952,2(3):170-184
The epidioritc and quartzite of the Malin Head district, (Ireland) are considered by Holmes and Reynolds [7] to be metasomatically transformed into skarn-rocks and mica-schist respectively. The trace element contents of these rocks were investigated using semi-quantitative methods in order to study the behaviour of the different trace elements during the metasomatic changes which have taken place. The elements which have been determined are Rb, Ba, Ag and Pb; Sr, Y and La; Li, Cr, Ni, Co, V, Cu, Sc, Sn and Mo; Ga; Zr, Be, Tl, Ge and In. The trace elements follow the major elements for which they can substitute in favourable crystal lattices, the substitution being in accord with Goldschmidts rules. Rb, Ba and probably Pb and Ag follow and substitute for K; Sr and Y for Ca and probably K; Li, Cr, Ni, Co, V, Cu, Sc, Sn and Mo for Mg, Fe2 and Fe3; and Ga for Al. 相似文献
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胶州湾滨海湿地的景观格局变化及环境效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在湿地景观类型分类基础上,利用RS及GIS技术提取了1986、1995和2010年胶州湾滨海湿地的Landsat卫星假彩色合成影像的空间属性数据,利用斑块动态度、斑块密度指数、景观多样性指数、斑块破碎化指数研究了胶州湾滨海湿地的景观格局变化及累积环境效应。结果表明,1986～2010年胶州湾滨海湿地总面积减少,河流与河口湿地面积稍有增大,潮间带滩涂和潮上带湿地面积和斑块数减小;养殖池面积增大、斑块数增多,盐田面积减小、斑块数基本未变,增加了湿地公园这种新的人工湿地景观类型。期间,湿地的景观斑块密度指数、多样性指数和景观斑块破碎化指数增大了。上述湿地面积和景观格局变化是由围垦、城市化、港口和道路建设、河流径流量和输沙量减少、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、全球变暖、海面上升等因素引起的,并导致湿地生物多样化水平下降、有害植物入侵、环境净化功能降低、污染和赤潮灾害加重、植被退化演替、渔业资源衰退和湿地生态系统服务价值降低等累积环境效应。为减轻这些不利的累积环境效应,应采取建设湿地自然保护区、控制养殖池和盐田规模、发展工业循环经济和生态农业等措施保护胶州湾滨海湿地。 相似文献
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The Background Features and Formation of Chemical Elements of Groundwater in the Region of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zeng Zhaohua Institute of Environmental Geology Jiangxi Bureau of Geology Mineral Resources Nanchang Jiangxi Shang Ruoyun 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(1):80-89
The paper deals with the background features, formation and distribution of the chemical el-ements K, Na, Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni,V, Co, Ti, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, Be, Li, Sr, B,F, Cl, Br and I in the groundwater in the region of the middle and lower reaches of the YangtzeRiver and their relations to the composition of the water-bearing media, properties of the overly-ing rocks and soils, redox environment, and groundwater flow condition, mineralization and pHof groundwater. 相似文献
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湘南香花铺云英伟晶岩研探 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
湘南香花铺地区产出一类具伟晶结构的云英岩,它们发育有一系列宏观,微观地质特征,充分表明其主要为岩浆结晶作用的直接产物,在已知的岩浆岩及其蚀变岩石中,尚无与之相同或相似的岩性,因此,它们实属一类新发现的火成岩,即云英伟晶岩,本文简要论述产出于香花铺地区云英伟晶岩的地质,地球化学特征;提出了云英传晶岩的分类方案;结合有关成岩实验资料,探了这类岩石的成生机制。 相似文献
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陕西渭北聚煤区原煤的微量元素组成特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对陕西省渭北主要煤田主采煤层中的As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Se、Cu、Sr、Ba、B等微量元素的分析结果表明：渭北原煤中Hg、Se、As、Pb、B含量明显高于地壳平均值，呈富集状态；Co、Cd与地壳平均值接近，Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba等元素均亏损。太原组和山西组由于成煤环境不同，煤质和原煤的微量元素组成特征存在一定的差异。太原组煤的友分和硫分均较山西组煤高，原煤中As、Hg、Se、Pb、Zn、B的合量明显高于山西组原煤，而山西组原煤中V、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ba的含量别明显高于大原组原煤。统计分析表明，As、Hg、Se、Pb、Cu等亲硫元素与铁呈显著的正相关关系，它们的赋存形式可能与煤中黄铁矿有关。 相似文献
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The network of undergraduate schools comprises 2,336 schools and sections in towns and the countryside, especially in Transylvania, Criana, Maramure and Banat. Preschool and primary education is given in Hungarian, German, Ukrainian, Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Slovak, Czech, Croat, Turkish, Polish and the Gypsy languages. Secondary and high-schools function only in Hungarian, German and Serbian. Instruction in Hungarian, German, Serbian, Slovak and the Ukrainian languages is given within some sections opened at certain secondary and high-schools. Publications, however, are far more numerous — newspapers and journals, magazines and reviews are issued in sixteen languages: Hungarian, German, Gypsy, Serbian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Turkish, Russian, Slovak, Czech, Armenian, Yiddish, Greek, Polish, Italian and Albanian. Some of these publications are bilingual, articles being written in Romanian, too, and others only in Romanian. 相似文献
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海相细粒沉积层理是恢复沉积环境的重要标志,更是影响着细粒沉积岩的储层品质及可压裂性。细粒物质通过生物作用、生物化学作用和机械分化作用形成之后,以单颗粒、絮凝颗粒、泥岩内碎屑、岩屑、有机—矿物集合体（“海洋雪”）及浮游动物粪球粒等形式,通过风力、低密度流、重力及底流等搬运至海洋,最终以垂直沉降和/或侧向加积的方式沉降下来。细粒物质可形成2种纹层（泥纹层和粉砂纹层）、2种纹层组（泥纹层组和粉砂纹层组）和2种层（递变层和均质层）,并构成5大类层理（块状层理、递变层理、韵律层理和年纹层、水平层理和交错层理）。黑色海相细粒岩泥纹层和粉砂纹层由于物质组成、孔隙类型及结构、面孔率、孔径分布、微裂缝类型及密度等差异,从而造成不同层理类型细粒岩储层品质差异。同时,不同层理细粒岩由于纹层发育程度、单纹层厚度、泥纹层和粉砂纹层比例、连续性、形态和几何关系等差异,从而造成其岩石力学性质及裂缝扩展规律差异。 相似文献
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Bo Peng Xiaoyan Tang Changxun Yu Shurong Xie Meilian Xiao Zhi Song Xianglin Tu 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(2):421-434
The acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the Hejiacun uranium mine in central Hunan (China) was sampled and analyzed using
ICP-MS techniques. The analyzing results show that the AMD is characterized by the major ions FeTotal, Mn, Al and Si, and is concentrated with heavy metals and metalloids including Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, U, Cu, Pb, Tl, V, Cr, Se,
As and Sb. During the AMD flowing downstream, the dissolved heavy metals were removed from the AMD waters through adsorption
onto and co-precipitation with metal-oxhydroxides coated on the streambed. Among these metals, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, U, Cu, Pb and
Tl are negatively correlated to pH values, and positively correlated to major ions Fe, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, Ca and K. The metals/metalloids
V, Cr, Se, As and Sb are conservative in the AMD solution, and negatively-correlated to major ions Na, Ca and Mg. Due to the
above different behaviors of these chemical elements, the pH-negatively related metals (PM) and the conservative metals (CM)
are identified; the PM metals include Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, U, Cu, Pb and Tl, and the CM metals V, Cr, Se, As and Sb. Based on understanding
the geochemistry of PM and CM metals in the AMD waters, a new equation: EXT = (Acidity + PM)/pH + CM × pH, is proposed to
estimate and evaluate extent of heavy-metal pollution (EXT) of AMD. The evaluation results show that the AMD and surface waters
of the mine area have high EXT values, and they could be the potential source of heavy-metal contamination of the surrounding
environment. Therefore, it is suggested that both the AMD and surface waters should be treated before they are drained out
of the mine district, for which the traditional dilution and neutralization methods can be applied to remove the PM metals
from the AMD waters, and new techniques through reducing the pH value of the downstream AMD waters should be developed for
removal of the CM metals. 相似文献