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研究砂岩型铀矿床中本源嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At.f）、嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,At.t）对黄铁矿及铀矿浸出的协同作用。采用富集培养法、无机盐硅酸钠平板法对砂岩型铀矿中的硫杆菌分离纯化,通过分析菌株的形态学特征、生理生化结果及16S rDNA序列确定菌株的系统发育地位,并利用摇瓶培养法设计浸矿试验,向黄铁矿浸出体系中分别加入分离纯化的At.f、At.t及混合的At.f和At.t,检测pH值、氧化还原电位值（Eh值)的变化,浸矿40 d,测定浸矿体系的总铁离子浓度和硫酸根离子浓度,并分析黄铁矿矿渣表面形态及成分。根据黄铁矿的浸出结果,设计铀矿浸出试验,浸矿40 d,测定浸出体系中的pH值、Eh值、总铁离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度等参数并计算四价铀的浸出率。结果表明,分离的两株优势菌中SW-2鉴定为嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(At.f),SW-3鉴定为嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(At.t)。At.f、At.t浸出黄铁矿和铀矿时存在协同作用,At.f为浸矿体系的强氧化剂,主要将Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,Fe3+将UO2氧化成可溶性的UO22+;At.t可为浸矿体系提供酸性环境;At.f: At.t = 5:1试验组对黄铁矿和铀矿的浸矿效果最好,四价铀的浸出率为55.60%,黄铁矿矿渣表面形态显示细菌对黄铁矿存在直接的氧化作用;At.f、At.t高效浸出黄铁矿的菌量比例对以黄铁矿为伴生矿的铀矿的细菌浸出也具有明显的促进作用,研究结果可以为工业微生物浸铀时提供一定的支持并为以黄铁矿为伴生矿的其他矿物的微生物浸出提供参考。 相似文献
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利用从大宝山尾矿库酸性矿山废水培养得到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.f.菌)和闪锌矿进行初始pH 2.00和pH 3.00条件下的无菌氧化、含菌含铁氧化和含菌不含铁氧化实验.通过测定实验过程溶液的阳离子、硫酸根离子含量和pH值,实验固体产物的XRD分析和反应前后闪锌矿表面的电镜扫描(SEM)对比分析,获得如下结论:①在不含铁离子的情况下,闪锌矿在pH为2.00的环境下比pH为3.00的环境下更容易被氧化;②氧化亚铁硫杆菌对闪锌矿的氧化有明显的促进作用,其氧化速率比无菌氧化速率要提高10～30倍;③铁离子存在对闪锌矿生物氧化有明显的促进作用,最高可达300倍;④氧化亚铁硫杆菌以及铁离子存在使闪锌矿的生物氧化作用最终溶液pH值明显低于无菌氧化作用的pH值;⑤闪锌矿的微生物氧化的最佳pH条件在2.0～2.4之间.闪锌矿的生物氧化过程中,细菌的直接氧化作用和间接氧化作用可能都是存在的. 相似文献
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十红滩铀矿床中微生物种类多样性及生态分布规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用生物学方法对新疆十红滩砂岩型铀矿各亚带矿石中参与C、N、S、Fe、O等元素循环的主要微生物菌群进行了研究.结果表明:在铀矿床中赋存着硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(IB)、硫杆菌、硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、芽孢菌等各类细菌.其中sRB种类较多,主要为脱硫弧菌属、脱硫肠状菌属、脱磺单胞菌属、脱硫杆菌性等.IB主要为鞘铁菌属、球衣菌属、瑙曼氏菌属和赭菌属.硫杆菌包括氧化硫硫杆菌、氧化亚铁硫杆菌、排硫硫杆菌、脱氮硫杆菌.硝化细菌主要为硝化杆菌属.亚硝化细菌主要为亚硝化单孢菌属.异养反硝化细菌为施氏假单胞菌和类鼻疽假单胞菌,自养反硝化细菌为脱氮硫杆菌.芽孢杆菌包括巨大芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、侧孢芽孢杆菌、蜂房芽孢杆菌、球形芽孢杆菌.实验证明:各类细菌的种类和数量在铀矿床的空间分布上存在着一定的规律性对铀矿床的地球化学分带性具有一定的指示作用. 相似文献
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广西北部湾人造陆域吹填土生物固结试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合微生物对岩土工程特性影响的研究现状,选取黑曲霉、放射型土壤杆菌及地衣芽孢杆菌3株菌种,首先通过压缩试验研究了不同微生物菌种及其培养液掺入土样后对土样固结特性的影响情况,然后借助矿物和化学成分分析及土粒比表面积测定等手段,初步探索微生物改良吹填土机制。研究表明,掺入微生物菌种及其培养液后土样的压缩系数av1-2均有降低,压缩模量Es1-2均有增加,最大降幅和升幅分别为29%和37%;土样的矿物成分没有改变;土中高价阳离子明显减少,但这不是造成土体压缩特性变化的主因;掺入放射型土壤杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌后土样土粒的比表面积分别增大到1.49倍、1.45倍,菌株改变了土颗粒间的连接状态,从而导致土体颗粒的增多或者土体结构的变化。 相似文献
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我国磷矿资源丰富,但是磷矿石的平均品位较低,面对传统选矿工艺的诸多问题,本文采用生物浸矿方法,研究了嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对中低品位磷矿的浸磷效果。研究结果表明:嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对磷的浸出率随磷矿粉量的增加而降低;磷矿粉浓度为2 g/L时,磷的浸出率可达95%以上;磷矿粉浓度为15 g/L时,浸出45d,磷的浸出量最大,为179.56 mg;在溶磷过程中,溶液的pH逐渐降低,最后稳定在2.0左右,pH最大降幅达4.45。嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌对中低品位磷矿中磷的浸出有很好的效果。 相似文献
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利用脱氮硫杆菌（Thiobaci l lusdeni tri f ica ns）在厌氧条件具有的脱硫反硝化生理特性，提出同步脱硫反硝化技术的思路，推导出脱氮硫杆菌（Thiobaci l lusdenitrificans）氧化硫化物为单质硫的化学计量式，并通过间歇试验考察同步脱硫反硝化技术的关键因素。试验结果表明，硫氮比（S 2－／NO－3比值）和硫化物浓度是同步脱硫反硝化技术的关键因素，两者分别控制在 5／3和低于 300m g／L的水平可以获得较好的脱硫和反硝化效果，在此条件下，单质硫转化率最高达94％，且随着硫氮比的降低而升高。 相似文献
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In recent years, biological toxicity tests have been conducted for soil assessment of environmental pollutants to evaluate the environmental risk due to heavy metals. In this study, batch tests were conducted with soils contaminated with hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). For control soils (without Cr6+), the electrical conductivity (EC) increased linearly over time in all samples, indicating that no toxic substances were present in the soil. The initial EC varied between 6 and 7.8 mS/cm, and the final EC varied between 22 and 27 mS/cm after incubation for 65 h. For batch tests performed using Cr6+-contaminated soil, the EC increased slightly or remained stable in all the test samples after a few hours. Thus, the presence of toxic substance Cr6+ inhibited the SOB, which leads to no sulfuric acid formation and therefore, no change in EC. These results indicated that SOB can be employed as a test microorganism to assess the quality of heavy metal-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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R.Y.P BurhanJ.M Trendel P AdamP Wehrung P Albrecht A Nissenbaum 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(23):4085-4101
The Be’eri sulfur mine (Israel) is a unique deposit mainly composed of sandstone intercalated with biogenic mats and possessing organic matter exceptionally depleted in 13C. Molecular and isotopic studies of free and bound biomarkers were performed to unravel the source of the organic matter co-occurring with sulfur in this deposit and to propose a paleoenvironmental model of bacterial life in a type of extreme environment. They showed that the biomarkers are all extremely 13C-depleted and almost exclusively composed of hopanoids and biphytane derivatives of bacterial origin, notably methanotrophic bacteria and acidophilic archaea. δ13C values of individual components and of bulk organic carbon are in the −80% to −90% range and are among the lowest values ever measured for hopanoids. Organic matter in the sandstone and the mats differ mainly by the occurrence of 3-methylated hopanoids in the mats, which may reflect either different bacterial populations or different conditions of growth.These data demonstrate that the complete biomass of this deposit primarily derives from methanotrophic hopanoid-synthesizing bacteria consuming methane having seeped toward the surface, and that all other organisms—apparently only archaea and bacteria—must have been thriving on methane-derived carbon (methane, CO2, biomass of methanotrophic bacteria). Unambiguous evidence for photosynthetic organisms in the environment of deposition could not be found. The Be’eri sulfur deposit is thus a fossil remain of an exclusively bacterial ecosystem fueled by methane as sole carbon source and having developed in an interstitial aqueous medium within the sandstone.Elemental sulfur from the deposit probably originates from the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide seeping along with methane, which could have been oxidized either abiotically or biologically by sulfur-oxidizing Beggiatoa-like bacteria and archaea. Further oxidation of elemental sulfur might explain the high acidity of the deposit.The oxidizing conditions now prevailing in the Be’eri deposit were revealed by the occurrence of degraded, oxidized, or thiophenic hopanoid structures. Some of them, unambiguously characterized by synthesis, were also obtained by heating hopenes with elemental sulfur, thus suggesting that the latter could play a role, as dehydrogenating and oxidizing agent, in the transformations undergone by organic matter in the Be’eri deposit. 相似文献
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Tobias Lienen Klas Lüders Hannah Halm Anke Westphal Ralf Köber Hilke Würdemann 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(6):261
Aquifer thermal energy storage may result in increases in the groundwater temperature up to 70 °C and more. This may lead to geochemical and microbiological alterations in the aquifer. To study the temperature effects on the indigenous microbial community composition, sediment column experiments at four different temperatures were carried out and the effluents were characterized geochemically and microbiologically. After an equilibrium phase at groundwater temperature of 10 °C for 136 days, one column was kept at 10 °C as a reference and the others were heated to 25, 40 and 70 °C. Genetic fingerprinting and quantitative PCR revealed a change in the bacterial community composition and abundance due to the temperature increase. While at 25 °C only slight changes in geochemical composition and gene copy numbers for bacteria were observed, increasing concentrations of total organic carbon in the 40 °C column were followed by a strong increase in bacterial abundance. Thermophilic bacteria became dominant at 70 °C. Temporary sulfate reduction took place at 40 and 70 °C and this correlated with an increased abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Furthermore, a coexistence of SRB and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) at all temperatures indicated an interaction of these physiological groups in the sediments. The results show that increased temperatures led to significant shifts in the microbial community composition due to the altered availability of electron donors and acceptors. The interplay of SRB and SOB in sedimentary biofilms facilitated closed sulfur cycling and diminished harmful sulfur species. 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀产生岩溶碳汇,占整个岩石风化碳汇的 94%。西南岩溶区硫酸型酸雨严重,硫酸型酸雨广泛参与碳酸盐岩的溶蚀。H2SO4参与的碳酸盐岩风化是一个大气CO2净释放过程,具有减汇作用巨大。另一方面,岩溶区石灰土壤和地下水具有较高的pH值及盐基饱和度,对H+有巨大的缓冲作用,大气酸沉降在碳酸盐岩地区可能并不会造成地下水的HCO3-和pH降低;相反,较高浓度的SO42-所产生的盐效应和SO2-4与各种阳离子形成的离子对会增大方解石、白云石溶解度,可增强H2CO3对碳酸盐的溶蚀,这可能会使岩溶作用产生更大的碳汇效应。因此,硫酸型酸雨参与碳酸盐岩风化的减汇效应不仅可能被高估,硫酸型酸雨还可能增强碳酸盐岩的H2CO3溶蚀,具有增加岩溶碳汇效应的作用。应结合石灰土壤对大气酸沉降的缓冲容量和阈值及大气酸沉降的H+与土壤中盐基离子的交换量,并综合考虑盐效应、离子对作用、同离子效应,客观评价硫酸型酸雨流经石灰土壤层后对碳酸盐岩溶蚀吸收大气/土壤CO2的影响 相似文献
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Tariq M. Bhatti Jerry M. Bigham Antti Vuorinen Olli H. Tuovinen 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2011,98(1-2):30-34
The purpose of this study was to examine structural alterations of finely ground phlogopite, a trioctahedral mica, when exposed to acid, iron- and sulfate-rich solutions typical of bioleaching systems. Phlogopite suspensions were supplemented with ferrous sulfate and incubated with iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) at 22 °C. As bacteria oxidized ferrous iron, ferric iron thus formed partially precipitated as K-jarosite. K-jarosite precipitation was contingent on the preceding ferrous iron oxidation by bacteria and the release of interlayer-K from phlogopite. This chemically and microbially induced weathering involved alteration of phlogopite to a mixed layer structure that included expansible vermiculite. The extent of phlogopite weathering and structure expansion varied with duration of the contact, concentration of ferrous iron and phlogopite, and the presence of monovalent cations (NH4+, K+, or Na+) in the culture solution. NH4+ and K+ ions (100 mM) added to culture suspensions precipitated as jarosite and thereby effectively prevented the loss of interlayer-K and structural alteration of phlogopite. Additional Na+ (100 mM) was insufficient to precipitate ferric iron as natrojarosite and therefore the precipitation was coupled with interlayer-K released from phlogopite. When ferrous iron was replaced with elemental sulfur as the substrate for A. ferrooxidans, the weathering of phlogopite was based on chemical dissolution without structural interstratification. The results demonstrate that iron oxidation and the concentration and composition of monovalent ions can have an effect on mineral weathering in leaching systems that involve contact of phlogopite and other mica minerals with acid leach solutions. 相似文献
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Batch experiments were conducted to comparatively evaluate the inhibition effects and mechanisms of a low-concentration (1%) proline solution cover on the release of pollutants from high-sulfur coal gangue. High-sulfur coal gangue was continuously immersed in a proline solution and in deionized water (as a control treatment) for 540 days. The results showed that the coal gangue in the control treatment was oxidized and generated leachate with poor water qualities, i.e., the leachate exhibited lower pH values, higher redox potential values, higher pollutant concentrations (SO42?, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn), and high levels of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. However, compared to the control treatment, the addition of the proline solution (1%) significantly improved the water quality of the leachate by significantly reducing the Eh values, the pollutant concentrations (SO42?, Fe2+, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn), and the activity of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and by significantly increasing the pH value to neutral. The proline treatment significantly inhibited the oxidation of coal gangue and the release of pollutants, mainly by inhibiting the activity of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and by altering the heavy metal fractions and the mineralogical characteristics. Therefore, in engineering practice, workers should consider using an environmental friendly aqueous proline solution cover to achieve the in-situ control of pollutant releases from coal gangue dumps. 相似文献
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安徽铜陵狮子山硫化物矿山酸矿水中微生物功能群的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
从安徽铜陵狮子山硫化物矿山酸矿水溪流获得样品,采用YE、Feo、FeSo、FeTo 4种选择性培养基,利用overlay分离技术,获得7株细菌菌株.利用16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,与目前已分离得到的酸矿水微生物进行了比较.利用分离菌株16S rRNA基因序列构建系统进化树,结果表明获得的菌株可分为3个功能群:嗜酸性异养菌、嗜酸性自养菌、中度嗜酸性铁氧化细菌.嗜酸性异养菌主要与酸矿水中三价铁的异化还原和寡营养状态的维持有关;嗜酸性自养菌与酸矿水中铁、硫元素的氧化有关,是酸水中的生产者;中度嗜酸性铁氧化细菌能将二价铁氧化成三价铁,并产生难溶性的矿物,可实现酸矿水与酸矿水底泥之间铁元素的动态平衡. 相似文献
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含金黄铁矿氧化过程中金溶解机理的探讨——与王恩德、关广岳先生商榷 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
含金黄铁矿在细菌氧化、化学氧化过程中,除生成高铁的硫酸盐和硫酸外,还生成了亚铁的硫酸盐及硫的低价氧化物,体系中的电位较低,距溶解自然金呈Au(SO_4)_2~-所需电位甚远,实验表明,金不溶于硫酸铁溶液中。当氧化程度加深,介质pH>4,黄铁矿氧化产生的硫代硫酸根可稳定存在时,自然金呈稳定的硫代硫酸盐配合物溶解。 相似文献