桂林西北郊光明山峰丛坡地土壤210Pb与226Ra分布与迁移规律研究     

唐伟  蓝高勇  殷建军  杨会  吴夏 《中国岩溶》2021,40(5):860-867

甘肃夏河-青海同仁一带二叠系大关山组有孔虫动物群     

陈奋宁  张克信  寇晓虎  林启祥  郑志敏  徐亚东 《地球科学》2007,32(5):691-702

甘肃夏河-青海同仁一带位于西秦岭造山带的西段, 区内中二叠世大关山组发育, 经本次研究为生物礁灰岩.大关山组产出丰富的古生物化石, 主要种类为串管海绵, 纤维海绵, 苔藓虫, 钙质藻类, 复体珊瑚, , 非有孔虫, 腕足, 腹足, 棘皮和双壳等.本次在大关山组中共发现11属16种, 其中包括10个未定种, 非有孔虫共16属23种, 其中包括11个未定种.根据和非有孔虫属种在大关山组中的逐层分布, 自下而上划分为2个组合和一个带: Pseudofusulina-Parafusulina组合, Cancellina cf.houchangensis带和Afghanella-Sphaerulina组合; 2个小有孔虫组合: Pachyphloia-Cribrogenerina-Nodosaria组合和Cribrogenerina-Hemigordius组合.通过将研究区的化石组合与国内外其他地区相同层位的带对比, 将西秦岭大关山组的时代厘定为中二叠世罗甸期—冷坞期.   相似文献   

土耳其棉花堡与中国黄龙和白水台钙华退化原因对比研究     

董发勤  代群威  赵玉连  陈木兰  饶瀚云  吕珍珍  宗美荣  李博文  CiftciEmin  SenerMehmet Furkan 《中国岩溶》2021,40(6):1069-1076

龙门县某石灰岩采石场帷幕止水工程及注浆效果评价     

汤振  蒋小珍  陈立根  雷明堂  马骁  吴晟堂 《中国岩溶》2022,41(1):47-58

高氯酸盐自然衰减的柱实验研究     

梁凯旋  刘菲  张莉 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):207-216

高氯酸盐( {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-})是一种小分子量、有毒的无机络阴离子,普遍存在于环境中。由于其分子大小与碘离子相似,会干扰人体甲状腺的正常功能,因此其环境污染问题引起了广泛的关注。本文选取污染场地的天然河沙为试验材料,主要通过柱实验对地下水中 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}自然衰减过程进行研究,考察了铁氧化物、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}对 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}自然衰减过程产生的影响。结果表明,高氯酸盐自然衰减过程主要由微生物驱动,天然河沙可去除2 mg/L的 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-},但其过程缓慢且还原量有限,长期去除率不超过10%,其限制因素为缺乏电子供体;铁氧化物可以促进 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}自然衰减,但当溶解性铁的浓度低于5.5 mg/L时,衰减过程开始受到影响;地下水中的 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}会抑制 {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}的降解,当 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}低至10 mg/L或以下时, {\mathrm{ClO}}_4^{-}才开始明显降解。  相似文献   

震后坡面松散堆积体失稳水力学机理研究     

杨涛  李明俐  孙东  常鸣  杨宗佶 《中国地质调查》2022,9(5):40-50

为研究震后强降雨条件下沟道泥石流产生的力学机制及水力学机理,以都江堰市龙池镇银洞子泥石流沟为研究对象,构建坡面松散堆积体地下水位变化水力模型,按照水力学渗流理论,分析了震后泥石流形成区坡面松散堆积体内潜水位变化的特征和规律,定量研究了动静水压力对坡体的作用特点。根据理论分析、实例验证与物理模拟试验的研究结果,获得了对坡面松散物源启动力学机理、启动临界条件及启动模式的深刻认识: ①在强降雨激发作用下,随着坡体内潜水位不断升高,水力条件不断恶化,最终导致坡面松散堆积体发生失稳破坏; ②堆积体内潜水位高度是坡面面积(S)、稳态降雨强度(I),坡体几何参数、导水系数(TD)等参数的综合函数,S、I越大,则潜水层厚度( H)越大,反之,当坡面集雨面积和稳态激发降雨强度一定时,导水系数、坡体宽度和潜水面倾角越大,则坡体内产生潜水层垂直厚度越低; ③随着坡体内静水压力(P)增加,堆积体基底抗滑力将会降低; 随着坡体内动水压力(Gd)增加,坡体下滑力将会增加; ④根据剩余下滑力的存在形式,震后坡面松散堆积体的启动模式可分为2种,即坡体整体启动的推移式失稳和分段解体启动的牵引式失稳。研究成果可为沟道泥石流的超前预警提供理论及技术支持。  相似文献   

成岩作用对储层致密化的影响差异及定量表述     

宫雪  胡新友  李文厚  沈武显 《沉积学报》2020,38(6):1338-1348

苏里格气田苏77区块二叠系下统山西组二段发育自北向南的曲流河，各气层组沉积特征比较一致。但是山西组二段山21、山22亚段气层组比山23亚段气层组储层经历了更强的压实、胶结作用，残余粒间孔所剩无几，加之后期扩容性成岩作用程度不够，次生孔隙发育有限，使得山21、山22气层组成为平均孔隙度不足7%，平均渗透率小于0.3×10-3 μm2的致密储层，与平均孔隙度为7.7%、平均渗透率为1.74×10-3 μm2的山23气层组相比储层渗流能力较差。为了衡量成岩作用程度的强弱，利用视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率的方法来定量分析孔隙度的变化。综合分析认为，研究区山21、山22气层组储层处于中等压实、较强胶结和强溶蚀水平，与山23气层组相比这两个气层组压实、胶结作用丧失的孔隙度远远大于溶蚀、破裂增加的孔隙度，其现今孔隙度只保留到5.48%，成为储集性能较差的致密储层。  相似文献   

压力对淤泥中C-N-S-Fe-H2O体系的影响     

彭子琪  马腾  刘妍君  陈娟  邱文凯  刘锐 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):79-89

C、N、S、Fe是地下水中控制氧化-还原反应的主要元素,淤泥是黏土的演化初期,淤泥演化为黏土过程中会影响含水层水量水质,可能会造成地下水污染;其中的水岩相互作用可以概化为C-N-S-Fe-H₂O体系的相互作用。淤泥演化过程的实质是淤泥在压力的作用下孔隙度不断变小,逐渐固结成岩;淤泥内部不断发生生物地球化学反应,C-N-S-Fe-H₂O体系驱动各种物质的形态结构不断发生改变,其中加压速率和加压模式会影响淤泥里的C、N、S、Fe重要组分固液相的转化。本研究运用自主研发设计的增压装置,探究在3种加压速率(0.04 MPa/12 h、0.04 MPa/24 h、0.04 MPa/36 h)和加压模式(0.040.02 MPa/12 h、0.04 MPa/12 h、0.040.06 MPa/12 h)的情况下,固体介质中C、N、S、Fe向孔隙水释放的规律。结果表明:(1)匀速加压速率越慢,加压初期溶解性有机碳(DOC)、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}释放速率越快, {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}和Fe²⁺浓度变化增大;DOC、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、Fe²⁺释放总量越多。(2)不同的加压模式,加速加压(0.040.06 MPa/12 h)下 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、Fe²⁺的浓度波动较大;DOC、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}和Fe²⁺的总释放量为加速加压(0.040.06 MPa/12 h)大于匀速加压(0.04 MPa/12 h)。(3)加压过程中,DOC和 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}呈显著正相关,改变加压速率会改变DOC, {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}和Fe²⁺的相关性。本研究表明改变加压速率和加压模式会对DOC、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}和Fe²⁺的释放速率、释放总量和C、N、S、Fe的转化造成影响,其本质为氧化-还原反应和水岩相互作用的强弱发生了变化;本研究为地质演化过程中压力导致的主要元素变化提供了新的认识,认识到了隔水层会影响含水层的水质和水量,为原生劣质地下水的成因和地下水污染防治提供了新思路。  相似文献   

氧同位素示踪夏季北冰洋（62.3°~74.7° N）大气硝酸盐形成途径的研究     

贺鹏真  谢周清 《冰川冻土》2021,43(5):1344-1353

大气硝酸盐（包括颗粒态硝酸盐和气态硝酸）是一种重要的含氮物质,在北冰洋氮的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。然而,目前关于北冰洋上大气硝酸盐形成机制的研究较少,限制了对该地区氮氧化物（NO_X）到硝酸盐相关大气化学过程的理解。作为2012年夏季中国第五次北极科学考察的内容之一,本研究采集了科考航线上的大气气溶胶样品,并对北冰洋航段（62.3°~74.7° N）上样品中硝酸盐的氮氧同位素（δ¹⁵N,δ¹⁷O和δ¹⁸O）进行了分析以研究该区域大气硝酸盐的形成过程。观测到的Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）变化范围为21.7‰~28.8‰,均值为（25.4±2.7）‰;δ¹⁵N（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）变化范为是-7.5‰~0.8‰,均值为（-4.2±3.0）‰。整体上,Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）与采样纬度呈现相反的变化趋势,与夜间时长和O₃浓度呈现相似的变化趋势;δ¹⁵N（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）与气温呈现相反的变化趋势。基于化学动力学的分析表明,Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）的变化可能主要反映的是NO₂+OH、N₂O₅+H₂O（aq）、NO₃+HC/DMS、NO₃+H₂O（aq）、XNO₃+H₂O（aq）（X=Br、Cl、I）等硝酸盐生成途径的变化。基于Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）的计算表明：低Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）样品［Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）=21.7‰~24.5‰,66.2°~74.7° N］的主导反应为NO₂+OH,其对硝酸盐的可能平均贡献是68%~81%;对于高Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）样品［Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）=27.5‰~28.8‰,62.3°~69.9° N］,NO₃+HC/DMS、NO₃+H₂O（aq）和XNO₃+H₂O（aq）三者一起的贡献最高,可达35%~50%。结合BrO柱浓度的分析表明,XNO₃+H₂O（aq）反应对高Δ¹⁷O（NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{–}）样品的作用可能不可忽略,该作用有待结合大气化学模型进一步探索。  相似文献   

火山渣吸附地下水中大肠杆菌噬菌体特性研究     

张玉玲  尹斯琦  司超群  王茜  初文磊 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):167-174

为了分析火山渣吸附去除地下水中大肠杆菌噬菌体作用特性,通过室内实验,考察火山渣吸附地下水中vB_EcoM-ep3大肠杆菌噬菌体效果,同时用等量沸石与石英砂做对照,进一步分析地下水中水化学因素(Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}、 {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、 {\mathrm{NO}}_2^{-}、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、 {\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-}、 {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}和pH值)对其吸附效果影响;通过微观检测技术,分析大肠杆菌噬菌体生物学特性和火山渣吸附前后微观结构变化。研究结果表明:火山渣吸附效率优于沸石和石英砂,最大饱和吸附量达到2.245×10⁵ pfu/g;水化学因素对火山渣吸附效果影响存在差异性,其中Fe²⁺、Fe³⁺起到促进作用, {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}、三氮和碱度起到抑制作用,低浓度Mn²⁺( C_{\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}^{2+}}<10 mg/L)和Ca²⁺( C_{\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}^{2+}}<100 mg/L)起到轻微促进作用,超过该浓度则表现为抑制作用;pH值对火山渣吸附效果影响较大,pH值越大,吸附效果越差。vB_EcoM-ep3大肠杆菌噬菌体头部为等边六角形,全身直径约为(53±2) nm,尾部长约为(107±3) nm,由尾管和尾丝组成,可伸缩。具有蜂窝状结构的火山渣吸附大肠杆菌噬菌体后表面孔隙大部分被填充。  相似文献   

Formation of helictite in the cave Dragon Belly (Sardinia,Italy)—Microstructure and incorporation of Mg,Sr, and Ba     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014,74(3):443-452

In the Dragon Belly cave helictites, a special type of irregular speleothem, are found, which grew on stalactites in all vertical and horizontal directions without any affinity to gravity. Microstructural and mineralogical analyses of this stalactite–helictite system indicate that its evolution is initiated by clogging of the central stalactite channel at its tip, probably when the cave was flooded by muddy water. Clogging caused the formation of secondary channels (≈0.2 mm in diameter) for water passage through the outer surface of the stalactite, where helictites start to grow. The secondary channel passes into the central channel of the helictite.The helictites consist of stacked idiomorphic calcite crystals with uniform orientation. Growth of calcite is essentially controlled by water transfer through the central channel and via canalicules (narrow channels of ≈0.05 mm in diameter) following the crystal boundaries of the calcite mesocrystal induced by capillary hydrostatic forces. At straight parts of the helictites calcite crystals are almost uniform in size, but at bended parts crystals are significantly smaller inside (≤0.1 mm in length) than outside of the bend (≤0.5 mm). It is proposed that the difference in calcite volume (larger crystals) vs. the inside of the bend leads to a helix form, which explains the origin of the term helictite.The Sr and Ba concentrations measured by laser ablation along helictites can be explained by cation incorporation during calcite precipitation close to equilibrium. Dilution effects caused by seasonality control the elemental distribution in the helictite, which result in a positive correlation between Sr and Ba. Variability of Mg is unrelated with Sr and Ba, and is probably due to the incongruent dissolution of Mg–calcite from the host rock.  相似文献   

The growth mechanism of the aragonitic stalagmite laminae from Yunnan Xianren Cave,SW China revealed by cave monitoring     

WUHUI DUAN  BINGGUI CAI  MING TAN  HONG LIU  YONG ZHANG 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(1):113-123

Duan, W., Cai, B., Tan, M., Liu, H. & Zhang, Y. 2012 (January): The growth mechanism of the aragonitic stalagmite laminae from Yunnan Xianren Cave, SW China revealed by cave monitoring. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 113–123. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00226.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Stalagmites from Xianren Cave in Yunnan Province, SW China have visible bands of alternating compact and porous sub‐layers, which have recently been demonstrated to be annual: the compact sub‐layer consists of elongated columnar aragonites with a general longitudinal orientation (parallel to the vertical growth axis), while the porous sub‐layer is composed mainly of needle aragonites forming radiating masses. In order to understand the growth mechanism of this type of stalagmite laminae, factors that could determine the growth rate and crystal structures of modern carbonates, such as cave‐air temperature, CO₂ concentration, drip rate and the hydrochemical parameters of drip water, have been monitored systematically. In this study, we selected five active drip sites to monitor for two years at a monthly frequency. Based on the monitoring results and the analyses of stalagmite laminae, we conclude that the compact sub‐layer forms in winter, when the drip rate is moderate and the degassing is slow, continuous and prolonged. The porous sub‐layer forms in early spring, when the drip rate is lower and Mg/Ca is higher than that during the formation of the compact sub‐layer. We also found exceptionally some calcite laminae. Furthermore, we discovered modern calcites precipitating at all study sites in the first hydrologic year when the rainfall was very abundant. Therefore, it is suggested that the occurrence of localized calcites in an aragonitic stalagmite indicates an interval of higher rainfall.  相似文献   

Origin and palaeoenvironmental significance of lamination in stalagmites from Katerloch Cave,Austria     

RONNY BOCH  CHRISTOPH SP TL  SILVIA FRISIA 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):508-531

The origin and environmental dependencies of lamination in stalagmites from Katerloch, common in speleothems from other cave sites, are examined in detail. Petrographic observations and chemical analyses (including isotopes) of stalagmites and modern calcite were combined with multi‐annual cave monitoring. All investigated stalagmites are composed of low‐Mg calcite and show white, porous laminae and typically thinner, translucent dense laminae. The binary lamination pattern results from changes in the calcite fabric: white, porous laminae are characterized by a high porosity and abundant fluid inclusions and also by enhanced vertical growth and thinning towards the flanks. Translucent, dense laminae exhibit a compact fabric and constant thickness of individual growth layers. U‐Th dating supports an annual origin of the lamination and the seasonally changing intensity of cave ventilation provides a robust explanation for the observed relationships between lamination, stable C isotopic compositions and trace elements (Mg, Sr and Ba). The seasonally variable air exchange, driven by temperature contrasts between the cave interior and outside atmosphere, modulates the rate and amount of CO₂ degassing from the drip water and affects the hydrochemistry and consequently the fabric of the precipitating calcite. Although cave air composition and drip rate are both major variables in controlling CO₂ degassing from the drip water, the seasonally changing ventilation in Katerloch exerts the primary control and the results suggest a secondary (amplifying/attenuating) influence of the drip rate. Drip rate, however, might be the controlling parameter for lamina development at cave sites experiencing only small seasonal cave air exchange. Importantly, the seasonally variable composition of drip water does not reflect the seasonal cycle of processes in the soil zone, but results from exchange with the cave atmosphere. The alternating porous and dense calcite fabric is the expression of a variable degree of lateral coalescence of smaller crystallites forming large columnar crystals. The white, porous laminae represent partial coalescence and form during the warm season: low calcite δ¹³C values are linked to low δ¹³C values of cave air and drip water during that time. This observation corresponds to times of reduced cave ventilation, high pCO₂ of cave air, low drip water pH, lower calcite supersaturation and typically high drip rates. In contrast, the translucent, dense laminae represent more or less complete lateral coalescence (inclusion‐free) during the cold season (high calcite, drip water and cave air δ¹³C values), i.e. times of enhanced cave ventilation, low cave air pCO₂, increased drip water pH, relatively high calcite supersaturation and typically low drip rates. In essence, the relative development of the two lamina types reflects changes in the seasonality of external air temperature and precipitation, with a strong control of the winter air temperature on the intensity of cave‐air exchange. Thick translucent, dense laminae are favoured by long, cold and wet winters and such conditions may be related closely to the North Atlantic Oscillation mode (weak westerlies) and enhanced Mediterranean cyclone activity during the cold season. Studies of speleothem lamination can thus help to better understand (and quantify) the role of seasonality changes, for example, during rapid climate events.  相似文献   

周口店新洞洞穴沉积岩石学          下载免费PDF全文

沙庆安 《第四纪研究》1994,14(2):143-153

新洞洞穴的沉积除底部灰烬层外，全部为碳酸盐岩。剖面主要由含砂质灰岩组成，上部有两层钙华，以及石笋和石钟乳。它们分别是洞内积水时期和流水，滴水时期的产物。岩石学的综合特征反映了当时注入洞内水量的经常性变化和洞内环境条件由相对温湿向干冷的变化。  相似文献   

RATE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF MINERALS     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):694-705

Determination of the growth rate of crystals may be based on knowledge of the linear rate, the volume rate, and duration of crystallization. Direct measurements are possible where crystals are in process of growth as in the laboratory, saline waters, and at volcanic gaseous exhalations. Indirect but absolute measurements are possible by relating crystal zones with known occurrences in time examples include calcite growth in belemnites, cave stalactites with smoke layers, and seasonally varied saline waters. Relative growth rates may be inferred from the nature of the intergrowth surface between different mineral crystals. Data is given on growth rates of gypsum, halite, calcite, fluorspar, quartz, hematite, pyrite, nepheline, bronzite, olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene, argentite, and corundum. — M. Russell  相似文献   

Electron backscatter diffraction documents randomly orientated c-axes in moonmilk calcite fibres: evidence for biologically induced precipitation     

DETLEV K. RICHTER  ADRIAN IMMENHAUSER  ROLF D. NEUSER 《Sedimentology》2008,55(3):487-497

Moonmilk represents a conspicuous but controversially discussed precipitate of cave settings. Here, new electron backscatter diffraction microscopic and petrographic evidence on the origin of moonmilk calcite is presented. Calcite fibres in a moonmilk mat from the walls of an active cave (Tunnel‐Cave) in Devonian massive limestones in the northern part of the Rhenish Massif (Germany) show orientations of the crystallographic c‐axis independent of the morphological fibre orientation. This observation and the morphology of the fibres are in agreement with microbially induced, as opposed to abiogenic, calcite precipitation. Carbon‐isotope data are higher (1·9 to 3·3‰) than those commonly measured regionally in speleothem calcite (stalagmites, stalactites and flowstones), an observation attributed to kinetic effects. In combination, these findings add independent evidence to the complex interplay of inorganic and bio‐induced carbonate precipitation in cave environments.  相似文献   

广西巴马县水晶宫洞穴沉积物特征及其沉积环境   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

张美良  朱晓燕  吴夏  阳和平  潘谋成 《中国岩溶》2013,32(3):345-357

巴马县水晶宫洞内次生化学沉积物景观丰富,类型多样,有石钟乳、石幔、石瀑布、石笋、石柱、石盾等特色景观;尤其是近期仍在发育的洞顶鹅管、卷曲石、石花等是国内外较为罕见的洞穴奇景。据沉积物的沉积类型、物质成分、沉积序次及测年等资料研究表明,水晶宫洞穴沉积物形成于晚第三纪以来。晚第三纪和第四纪早更新世早期,洞内沉积主要为外源水携带的硅质岩、砂岩类砾石沉积形成的钙华砾石层。早更新世中期—中更新世气候温暖湿润,是水晶宫洞穴主要景观的形成期,沉积物景观宏大而壮观,230Th-U系测年得出其分别形成于100～35万年前。晚更新世早期12.5～9万年的末次间冰期主要为温暖气候环境,洞内仅有少量的石笋沉积,且极少保存;9万年后气候环境发生突变,更不利沉积物发育和保存;自4万年后气候环境开始表现为温暖湿润,化学沉积活跃,洞穴沉积物主要由高约50～150 cm的纯白色石笋群和钟乳石组成,为洞穴奇景的形成期,230Th-U系测年得出其分别形成于40 ka BP和7 500 a BP以及1 450 a BP。晚更新世晚期以来形成的洞穴沉积物景观,不仅为水晶宫提供了丰富的旅游资源和价值,同时也为广西重建古气候环境提供了重要的信息载体。   相似文献   

北京石花洞“石花”的晶体结构、矿物组成及形态发育模拟分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

段武辉  谭明  喻学惠  施光海 《中国岩溶》2008,27(3):201-208

以北京石花洞的石花为研究对象 ,将其分为基底、根部、冠部三个部分。 通过实地观察监测、显微镜和扫描电镜观察、 X射线粉晶衍射以及模拟石花生长实验 ,分析并确定石花的矿物组成 ,讨论其形成条件和造貌水动力特征 ,结果表明:( 1)石花晶体呈树枝状结构 , 其附生基底的矿物几乎全部为方解石 ,仅含极少微量的杂质;石花根部方解石含量 > 90% ,文石及少量杂质含量 < 5% ;石花冠部文石含量 > 90% ,方解石及杂质含量 < 5% ;而就石花整体而言 ,其矿物组成为文石含量> 90% ,方解石及杂质含量 < 5% 。 ( 2)形成石花的环境条件为较封闭、气温稍低但较稳定、洞内湿度较低且气流扰动小。 ( 3)形成石花的造貌水动力为来自基底内部渗出孔隙水的毛细作用。   相似文献   

北京石花洞的岩溶地质特征     

吕金波  李铁英  孙永华  车用太 《地质通报》1999,18(4):42

在全国范围内,北京石花洞洞层最多,钟乳石叠置关系明显,石笋中具有微层理,月奶石发育最好。这些特征为研究西山的新构造运动及古环境的变化提供了新的信息,奠定了首次利用钟乳石建立第四系剖面的基础。  相似文献   

Modelling carbon isotopes of carbonates in cave drip water   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Fohlmeister  D. Scholz  A. Mangini 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(18):5219-5228

C isotopes in cave drip water are affected by both the C isotope composition of soil air and host rock carbonate. Furthermore, the C isotope composition of cave drip water strongly depends on the calcite dissolution system, i.e., open, closed and intermediate conditions. Here, we present a calcite dissolution model, which calculates the ¹⁴C activity and δ¹³C value of the dissolved inorganic carbon of the drip water. The model is based on the chemical equations describing calcite dissolution (). The most important improvement, relative to previous models, is the combination of the open and closed system conditions in order to simulate the C isotope composition during intermediate states of calcite dissolution and the application to carbon isotope measurements on cave drip waters from Grotta di Ernesto, Italy. The major changes in the C isotope composition of the drip water occur in response to variations in the open-closed system ratio. Additionally, the ¹⁴C activity and the δ¹³C value of the drip water depend on changes in the partial pressure of soil CO₂. Radiocarbon and δ¹³C values of the Grotta di Ernesto drip water are well reproduced by the model.  相似文献