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1.
晚奥陶世全球海洋环境曾发生重要的改变,特别是赫南特冰期的气候变冷,造成了古海洋沉积物中多项地球化学指标出现异常现象,全球多地区出露的赫南特阶均记录了冰期时出现的碳、氮同位素异常,但对其产生机制的认识存在争议.四川盆地东南缘三泉剖面和双河剖面的奥陶系五峰组、观音桥段以及志留系龙马溪组的有机碳同位素、总氮同位素等地球化学指标测试结果显示,三泉剖面和双河剖面的赫南特阶观音桥段泥灰岩有机碳同位素和总氮同位素均出现正偏偏移,并可与其他地区奥陶系剖面进行对比.其中,三泉剖面δ13Corg值分布范围为?31.9‰ ～ ?27.9‰,自五峰组顶部开始偏重,在观音桥段达到峰值?27.9‰,偏移幅度约2‰;双河剖面 δ13Corg平均值为?30.1‰,观音桥段最大值为?29.1‰,向正偏移幅度约为1‰左右.这些变化特征揭示,晚奥陶世有机质的埋藏作用可能改变了海洋溶解无机碳库的碳同位素组成,并且引起赫南特冰期碳同位素异常.三泉剖面和双河剖面 δ15N平均值分别为1.4‰和1.1‰,冰期观音桥段 δ15N值正偏幅度在0.5‰～1‰之间,可能是由于长期的缺氧还原条件促进了海水的反硝化作用,而冰期时海平面下降限制了反硝化作用的强度,从而导致氮同位素出现正偏异常. 相似文献
2.
华北南缘陆坡带奥陶纪冰海砾岩的发现及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中奥陶纪末伽马射线暴击中地球引发气候变冷的天文地质事件,形成广布全球的冰期沉积,华北板块却未见遗存。通过在豫西栾川-卢氏地区新一轮1∶5万区域地质调查(2016～2018年),在原划归三岔口组砾岩中厘定出一套冰海成因砾岩,结合区域同位素数据,以及遗存生物化石和野外层位关系,推断该套冰海成因砾岩是这次天文地质事件在华北南缘陆坡带的地质记录。新一轮1∶5万区域地质调查在侵入冰海砾岩层中的正长斑岩脉岩获取(434±23)MaU-Pb同位素年龄,佐证了华北南缘陆坡带发育的这套冰海沉积砾岩形成时代大致相于晚奥陶纪世赫南特期[(443.4±1.5)Ma～(445.2±1.4)Ma]。该套冰海成因砾岩的发现填补了奥陶纪末大冰期在华北板块的空白。 相似文献
3.
奥陶系上统赫南特阶全球层型剖面和点位的建立 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
陈旭 戎嘉余 樊隽轩 詹仁斌 C. E. Mitchell D. A. T. Harper M. J. Melchin 彭平安 S. C. Finney 汪啸风 《地层学杂志》2006,30(4):T0001-T0002
赫南特阶(上奥陶统)的全球界线层型剖面和点位确立在中国宜昌王家湾北剖面观音桥层底界之下0.39m处。该剖面位于中国湖北省宜昌市以北42km处的王家湾村,经纬度为30°58′56″N、111°25′10″E。赫南特阶底界的GSSP点位以笔石Normalograptusextraordinarius的首次出现层位(FAD)为标志。碳同位素在此层位显示的正漂移以及N.ojsuensis的首现可作为第二标志。赫南特阶始于自Diceratograptusmirus亚带开始的全球生物大灭绝事件的主幕之后。王家湾北剖面出露完整,沉积和生物序列连续,笔石和壳相动物化石丰富并保存良好,王家湾北、王家湾南和王家湾小河边剖面都发育了合适的沉积相和生物相并具有广泛对比的潜力。该地区地质构造简单,岩石未经历较强的变质作用,且交通便利。王家湾小河边剖面尤其适合进行化学地层学研究和同位素年龄的测定。建立赫南特阶底界的全球界线层型剖面和点位的提案报告于2004年10月被国际地层委员会奥陶系分会通过,经补充完善后,于2006年2月被国际地层委员会通过,同年5月被国际地科联正式批准。 相似文献
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《地层学杂志》2016,(4)
通过对浙江省安吉县杭垓地区晚奥陶世地层的区域地质调查、剖面测量以及系统化石采集、鉴定与分析样品测试研究,浙江省安吉县杭垓剖面被列为"上奥陶统赫南特阶下扬子地区标准剖面"。该剖面的赫南特阶和奥陶系-志留系界线地层出露完整,发育了厚度超过360m的笔石页岩和细碎屑岩的连续旋回沉积,化石丰富,主要界线附近未见构造破坏,较完整地记录了赫南特期的地质事件和生物序列,符合建立下扬子区赫南特阶标准剖面的要求。在该剖面的上奥陶统凯迪阶—赫南特阶—志留系兰多维列统鲁丹阶的连续地层中发现丰富的笔石、几丁虫和海绵动物化石,以及部分三叶虫、腹足类、腕足类、头足类等门类化石,自下而上共识别出Dicellograptus complexus,Paraorthograptus pacificus,Normalograptus extraordinarius,Normalograptus persculptus,Akidograptus ascensus,Parakidograptus acuminatus 6个笔石带和1个Songxites-Aegiromenella壳相化石组合。在赫南特阶地层中首次发现极为丰富多样的海绵动物群,为进一步认识全球赫南特期的生物圈面貌、寒武纪生命大爆发之后的海绵生物演化打开了重要窗口。 相似文献
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华南奥陶纪末生物大灭绝的肇端标志——腕足动物稀少贝组合(Manosia Assemblage)及其穿时分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
奥陶纪末生物大灭绝与冈瓦纳大陆冰盖的形成与消融密切关联的认识已被广泛接受;同时,赫南特贝腕足动物群(Hirnantia Fauna)常被视作这次大灭绝的肇端标志。本文通过对扬子区-全球环境巨变的一个缩影-相关层段的腕足类的研究,改变了后一认识。上扬子区五峰组(笔石页岩相)与观音桥层(介壳相)之间,以及下扬子区新开岭层之中的"混合相地层"(既产笔石,又产介壳相生物),代表奥陶纪最晚期沉积-生物-环境发生重大变化的过渡阶段,记录了南方大陆冰盖的形成对华南各地影响的开始;只因厚度小、研究少,该段地层及其所含化石群长期未被重视。根据半个世纪积累的材料,本文系统记述了该混合相地层的优势化石腕足类稀少贝(Manosia);根据保存腕螺构造的珍贵标本,证实它是无洞贝目的成员,暂归于无洞贝科;通过识别稀少贝组合(Manosia Assemblage)的基本特征和时空分布,探讨它的群落生态、环境及其标志意义。奥陶纪末的华南板块处于一个相对孤立的古地理位置,且稀少贝幼虫的漂浮能力不强,故未能"飘洋过海"离开华南板块一步;尽管如此,东西向从滇东北到苏南,南北向从陕南到黔北,它成为一个机遇泛滥属种,遍布于整个扬子海域,栖居于深水、低能、贫氧的底域(BA4-5)。稀少贝组合的地层历程从上奥陶统凯迪阶顶部(Diceratograptus mirus亚带)到赫南特阶下部(Normalograptus extraordinarius带中下部);其短暂的历程反映全球气候和海洋环境扰动对扬子海域不同地区造成的影响之开始。这里有一个"先浅水、后深水"的穿时过程:①在上扬子区浅水海域,它仅限于凯迪末期,几乎同时迁移到较深水域并延续到赫南特初期;②侵入到下扬子深水海域则是到赫南特早期并在中期灭绝。因此,华南奥陶纪末大灭绝的起步标志不是赫南特贝动物群本身,而是稀少贝组合的出现;大灭绝的肇端并非始于赫南特初期,而是凯迪末期。同时可能也指示大陆冰盖的形成对世界其他板块不同水深海域的影响也不是等时的。赫南特早中期扬子海域生物群分布状况演变得非常复杂。奥陶纪末生物大灭绝与全球气候和海洋环境的剧变相伴发生,是显生宙唯一一次与冰川活动有密切关联的特大事件。 相似文献
6.
以纳米比亚北部台地区的新元古代成冰期朝斯(Chuos)组沉积变质型条带状铁建造为研究对象,通过研究该区的大地构造背景、矿物学、岩石学、地球化学等特征,针对该区域朝斯组地层特征、构造历史、结构构造、矿物组成、形成环境及成因等方面进行研究,结合"雪球地球"假说,认为研究区含铁建造与成冰期的一定条件下的裂谷作用形成海盆和热液组分有直接成因联系,在雪球期内的氧化还原环境多变的裂谷大洋、海底热液流体、大陆风化作用、海洋生物圈变化、大气与海水的物质组分交换等多重因素的作用下,最终导致了含铁条带建造的沉积层序的形成。 相似文献
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"雪球"假说与塔里木板块新元古代冰川事件 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来．新元古代冰期的奇特地层引发了学们对新元古代冰期环境特征与成因演化的研究热潮．各类假说和模型不断提出，Hooffman等人运用“雪球”假说对冰川沉积的低纬度和低海拔特征、冰室效应和温室效应的相互交替、盖碳酸盐岩的成因、稳定同位素变化的含义、冰期地层中铁矿的成因等均进行了较为合理的解释．近年国内在新疆塔里木展开了对新元古代冰川事件的研究．碳同位素和微量元素比值的研究成果，不仅进一步证明了前人提出的三期冰期的观点．而且从地球化学角度验证了“雪球”假说． 相似文献
8.
新元古代"雪球地球"事件代表地球经历的极端气候条件,对其后的大气和海洋氧化、生物地球化学循环和真核生物的演化都产生了深远的影响。然而同冰期化学沉积岩的缺乏,严重制约了对冰期海洋环境的了解。笔者等在贵州松桃地区一钻孔岩芯南华系南沱组中采集到一套同冰期白云岩,为南沱冰期海洋环境研究提供了理想材料。岩芯中白云岩层位于南沱组下部,夹持于两套杂砾岩、粉砂质泥岩组合中间,厚度1.61 m。偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察表明岩性为微晶白云岩。采用Delta V Advantage稳定同位素质谱仪分析白云岩的碳、氧同位素,测定结果为:δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)在-16.97‰～-8.37‰之间,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)在-9.68‰～-8.42‰之间,与冰期前后碳同位素组成对比,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)具显著低负值特征。电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)微量元素分析结果表明:白云岩样品中铁、锰含量很高,铁含量的平均值约为92867×10~(-6),锰含量的平均值约为10644×10~(-6);Mn/Sr值较大,平均值约为26.89。综合碳、氧同位素的相关性及微量元素特征分析表明,南沱组同冰期白云岩碳同位素组成代表了原始的沉积记录。研究结果表明:①南沱组白云岩的出现反映了南沱冰期海洋中存在着开放的水体,这些开放水体为此时真核生物提供了重要的栖息场所。②南沱冰期海洋处于富铁缺氧的环境,白云岩中碳同位素低负值主要是甲烷厌氧氧化的结果。③同位素质量平衡计算表明,冰期海洋中较高比例的有机质埋藏和极其有限的大气-海洋气体交换导致了大气中氧浓度的升高。 相似文献
9.
成冰纪全球冰期是地球历史上最极端的冰室气候事件,冰川作用波及赤道区域,全球可能都遭受了冰封,海洋广泛缺氧,生物演化进程迟滞。然而,冰期结束之后,大气氧浓度迅速升高,海洋发生逐步氧化,大型带刺疑源类和真核多细胞藻类在埃迪卡拉纪开始繁盛,出现最早的动物,地表生物圈发生了翻天覆地的变化。显然,成冰纪全球冰期事件是地球系统演化的重要转折。认识冰期的环境效应是认识埃迪卡拉纪生物演化的关键,也是打开地表宜居环境演化的钥匙。本文总结了近年来成冰纪全球冰期的气候假说、冰期沉积特征、海洋氧化还原条件及冰期后的大气与海洋环境剧变等方面的研究进展,简要分析了全球冰期研究中存在的问题,并对该领域未来研究提出了展望与建议。 相似文献
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ZHANGDONG JIN MIKE J. BICKLE HAZEL J. CHAPMAN JIMIN YU ZHISHENG AN SUMIN WANG MERVYN J. GREAVES 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2011,40(2):320-331
Jin, Z. D., Bickle, M. J., Chapman, H. J., Yu, J., An, Z., Wang, S. & Greaves, M. J. 2010: Ostracod Mg/Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr geochemistry from Tibetan lake sediments: Implications for early to mid‐Pleistocene Indian monsoon and catchment weathering. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00184.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 Lacustrine sediment serves as a valuable archive for tracing catchment weathering processes associated with past climatic and/or tectonic changes. High‐resolution records of fossil ostracod Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr ratios from a lake sediment core from the central Tibetan Plateau reveal a temporal link between lake‐water chemistry and catchment weathering and distinct monsoonal oscillations over the early to mid‐Pleistocene. Between 2.01 and 0.95 Ma, lake‐water chemistry was dominated by a high proportion of carbonate weathering related to variations in the Indian monsoon, resulting in relatively low and constant ostracod 87Sr/86Sr but obvious fluctuations in Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and δ18O. Across the mid‐Pleistocene transition (MPT), a significant increase in 87Sr/86Sr and frequently fluctuating ratios of ostracod Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and δ18O are coincident with increases in both Chinese loess grain size and Arabian Sea lithogenic flux. This correlation indicates an increased glaciation and a strong monsoon seasonal contrast over the plateau. The increase in lake‐water 87Sr/86Sr across the MPT highlights a change in catchment weathering patterns, rather than one in climate‐enhanced weathering intensity, with an increased weathering of 87Sr‐rich minerals potentially induced by marked extensive glaciation and strong seasonality in the central plateau. 相似文献
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Yusuke Sawaki Takeshi Ohno Miyuki Tahata Tsuyoshi Komiya Takafumi Hirata Shigenori Maruyama Brian F. Windley Jian Han Degan Shu Yong Li 《Precambrian Research》2010,176(1-4):46-64
The Ediacaran period was one of the most important times for the evolution of life. However, the scarcity of well-preserved outcrops of Ediacaran rocks still leaves ambiguity in decoding ambient surface environmental changes and biological evolution.The Ediacaran strata in South China are almost continuously exposed, comprise mainly carbonate rocks with subordinate black shales and sandstones, and they contain many fossils, suitable for study of environmental and biological changes in the Ediacaran. We conducted drilling through the Doushantuo Fm at four sites in the Three Gorges area to obtain continuous, fresh samples without surface alteration and oxidation. We analyzed 87Sr/86Sr and 88Sr/86Sr ratios of the fresh carbonate rocks, selected on the basis of microscopic observations and the geochemical signatures of Sr contents, Mn/Sr and Rb/Sr ratios, and δ18O values, with a multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS).The chemostratigraphy of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the drilled samples displays a smooth curve and two large positive shifts during Ediacaran time. The combination of the detailed chemostratigraphies of δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values and Mn and Fe contents enables us to decode the surface environmental changes and their causes in the Ediacaran. The first large positive excursion of 87Sr/86Sr occurred together with negative δ13C and positive δ18O excursions. The higher 87Sr/86Sr values indicate an enhancement of continental weathering, whereas the positive δ18O excursion suggests global cooling. Global regression due to global cooling enhanced the oxidative decay of exposed marine organic sediments and continental weathering. Accelerated influx of nutrients promoted primary productivity, resulting in oxidation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas active sulfate reduction due to a higher sulfate influx from the continents caused remineralization of the large DOC, both of which caused a negative δ13C anomaly. The 580 Ma Gaskiers glaciation accounts for the close correlation among the positive 87Sr/86Sr, negative δ13C and positive δ18O excursions.The second large positive shift of 87Sr/86Sr firstly accompanied a positive δ13C excursion, and continued through the Shuram δ13C negative excursion. The positive correlation of δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr values is consistent with an enhanced continental weathering rate due to continental collisions that built Trans-Gondwana mountain chains, and with a higher primary activity due to the enhancement of continental weathering and consequent higher nutrient contents in seawater. The accompanied increase in Mn and Fe contents implies a gradual decline of the seawater oxygen content due to more active aerobic respiration and oxidation of reductive materials flowing in the oceans. In the Shuram excursion, higher 87Sr/86Sr values and a transition from increase to decrease in Mn and Fe contents were accompanied by the large negative δ13C excursion. The higher 87Sr/86Sr values are the first compelling evidence for enhanced continental weathering, which was responsible for the large δ13C anomaly through the remineralization of the DOC by more active sulfate reduction due to a higher sulfate influx. Higher Mn and Fe contents in the early and middle stages of the excursion suggest a decline in the oxygen content of seawater due to oxidative decay of the DOC, whereas in the late stages the decrease in Mn and Fe contents is consistent with oceanic oxygenation.The emergence of Ediacara biota after the Gaskiers glaciation and the prosperity of the latest Ediacaran is concomitant with the formation of more radiogenic seawater with high 87Sr/86Sr values, suggesting that enhanced continental weathering, and the consequent higher influx of nutrients, played an important role in biological evolution. 相似文献
13.
The marine osmium isotope record 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Over the past decade the marine osmium isotope record has been developed into a new tracer in palaeoceanographic research. Several analytical developments, particularly in the past few years, have significantly increased our ability to study the behaviour of osmium in the surficial environment. The 187Os/188Os and osmium concentration of seawater, river water, rain, and hydrothermal vent fluids have been measured directly. Recently, the behaviour of osmium in estuaries–critical for estimating the marine residence time of osmium–has been studied. Our knowledge of the surficial osmium cycle has thus significantly improved. In addition, reconstructions of past variations in the marine 187Os/188Os recently have been extended back into the Mesozoic. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of the marine osmium system–present and past. The 187Os/188Os of seawater during the Cenozoic to first order mimics the marine 87Sr/86Sr record. It is therefore tempting to interpret both records as reflecting increased input of radiogenic osmium and strontium resulting from enhanced continental weathering regulated by climatic/tectonic processes. However, the marine osmium isotope system differs fundamentally from the marine strontium isotope system. This review emphasizes three important differences. First, large impacts are capable of resetting the 187Os/188Os to unradiogenic values without significantly affecting the marine strontium system. Second, organic‐rich sediments are characterized by high 187Re/188Os; resulting 187Os/188Os ingrowth‐trajectories are similar to the average slope of the Cenozoic 187Os/188Os seawater record. Trends towards more radiogenic 187Os/188Os seawater therefore can be caused by weathering of organic‐rich sediments at a constant rate. Third, the marine residence time of osmium is sufficiently short to capture short‐periodic (glacial‐interglacial) fluctuations that are inaccessible to the buffered marine strontium isotope system. This offers the opportunity to discriminate between high‐frequency (climatic) and low‐frequency (tectonic) forcing. 相似文献
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15.
末元古系-寒武系底Sr、C同位素对比 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
测定了云南永善肖滩前寒武系-寒武系界限Sr同位素组成及湖北省三峡 剖面震旦系碳酸盐岩Sr、C同位素组成,并与蒙古、 加拿大、西伯利亚和纳米 比亚的末元古系Sr和C同位素数据进行了比较,得出末元古纪海水87Sr/86Sr和 δ13C值的演变图。通过该演变图,可以对全球末元古系地层进行对比。 相似文献
16.
扬子地区发育地层所记录的南沱冰期在时间上与Marinoan冰期相当,被认为是"雪球事件"的产物,受到广泛关注。借助于重庆秀山长河桥剖面的南沱组冰碛岩上覆陡山沱组盖帽白云岩和页岩样品的精细采集,选取冰碛岩之上2.5 m内的地层进行同位素比值和元素含量测试,并尝试性的使用酸不溶物的元素地球化学数据,对冰期后可能出现的环境变化进行了综合分析,结果表明:盖帽白云岩C同位素数据基本符合海水分层混合模式特征;U/Th值也反映出该地区在雪球后经历了由缺氧-贫氧环境向贫氧-氧化环境的迅速转变,可能反映了雪球后缺氧富有机质的深部大洋水随上升洋流上涌并被迅速氧化的过程;强烈的Eu正异常的出现,可能与埃迪卡拉纪海底火山、热液活动频繁出现或近源热液活动相关;盖帽碳酸盐岩样品中出现Ce轻微负异常,表明其形成于弱氧化环境;87Sr/86Sr值和Y/Ho值均呈现伴有大量陆源碎屑物输入的特点;盖帽碳酸盐岩的酸不溶物可以反映当时的大陆风化背景,其化学蚀变指数（CIA）稳定在72左右,说明当时的大陆环境具有温暖湿润的特征,化学风化作用强度中等。综上所述,在南陀冰期结束后,秀山长河桥剖面的沉积环境经历了缺氧-贫氧环境向贫氧-氧化环境的迅速转变,同时,随着上升洋流的出现原有的冰期海水分层被迅速破坏,并可能伴随着地表径流的不断增强,同时热液活动在这一时期也频繁发生。在这一时期,剖面附近的大陆环境也迅速由冰期过渡为温暖湿润的环境。 相似文献
17.
河北平原地下水锶同位素形成机理 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究河北平原地下水锶同位素的来源与形成机理, 对所采水样进行了分析.研究了87Sr/86Sr比值“时间积累效应”: 随着地下水年龄和埋深的增大而增大; 与地下水中过剩4Heexc呈正相关关系, 与δ18O和δD呈负相关关系.探讨了Sr2+与87Sr/86Sr比值的关系, 将地下水分为3类: (1) 中等Sr2+含量与高87Sr/86Sr比值水(Ⅰ类水); (2) 低Sr2+含量与高87Sr/86Sr比值水(Ⅱ类水); (3) 高Sr2+含量与低87Sr/86Sr比值水(Ⅲ类水), 即热水.通过综合分析认为: (1) 河北平原第四系地下水中的放射成因Sr是由富含Na和Rb的硅酸盐矿物风化作用提供的, 主要矿物为斜长石; (2) 黄骅港热水中的放射成因Sr是由碳酸盐溶解形成的, 87Sr/86Sr比值低, Sr/Na比值大; (3) 补给区地下水是由流经火成岩和变质岩区地下水的侧向补给的, 87Sr/86Sr比值中等.第三系地下水放射成因Sr的来源及形成机理尚须进一步研究. 相似文献
18.
塔河油田中下奥陶统岩溶缝洞方解石碳、氧、锶同位素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨塔河油田中下奥陶统古岩溶产物的地球化学特征以及评价不同期次古岩溶作用的影响区域, 系统分析了中下奥陶统岩溶缝洞方解石的碳、氧、锶同位素.不同产状的方解石碳、氧同位素具有明显的大气水岩溶特征, 早期岩溶产物以富集13C和低87Sr/86Sr比值为特征, 而海西早期岩溶产物以δ13C分布较宽和高87Sr/86Sr比值为特征, 两者的δ18O值分布均较宽.桑塔木组覆盖区比北部地区富集13C, 来自围岩的13C比重加大, 另一个原因是早期岩溶产物的δ13C值较高; 桑塔木组覆盖区岩溶产物具有高87Sr/86Sr比值特征, 说明有壳源锶的注入, 主要是受海西早期岩溶作用的影响, 并且高87Sr/86Sr比值特征比北部地区低, 其原因是来源于围岩的重溶锶比重加大.δ13C和87Sr/86Sr在区域上的变化, 结合区域地质背景, 表明海西早期岩溶对北部地区和桑塔木组覆盖区均有重要的影响, 是塔河油田中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩的主岩溶期, 也是其储层的主要形成时期. 相似文献
19.
Gregory F. de Souza Ben C. Reynolds Bernard Bourdon 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(9):2596-5573
The stable isotope composition of strontium (expressed as δ88/86Sr) may provide important constraints on the global exogenic strontium cycle. Here, we present δ88/86Sr values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for granitoid rocks, a 150 yr soil chronosequence formed from these rocks, surface waters and plants in a small glaciated watershed in the central Swiss Alps. Incipient chemical weathering in this young system, whether of inorganic or biological origin, has no resolvable effect on the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and δ88/86Sr values of bulk soils, which remain indistinguishable from bedrock in terms of Sr isotopic composition. Although due in part to the chemical heterogeneity of the forefield, the lack of a resolvable difference between soil and bedrock isotopic composition indicates that these soils have thus far witnessed minimal net loss of Sr; a low degree of chemical weathering is also implied by bulk soil chemistry. The isotopic composition of Sr in streamwater is more radiogenic than median soil, reflecting the preferential weathering of biotite in the catchment; streamwater δ88/86Sr values, however, are indistinguishable from bulk soil δ88/86Sr values, implying that no resolvable fractionation of Sr isotopes takes place during release to the weathering flux in the Damma forefield. Analyses of plant tissue reveal that plants (Rhododendron and Vaccinium) preferentially assimilate the lighter isotopes of Sr such that their δ88/86Sr values are significantly lower than those of the soils in which they grow. Additionally, δ88/86Sr values of foliar and floral tissues are lower than those of roots, contrary to observations for Ca, for which Sr is often used as an analogue in weathering studies. We suggest that processes that discriminate against Sr in favour of Ca, due to the different nutritional requirement of plants for these two elements, are responsible for the observed contrast. 相似文献
20.
The Tasmanian dolerites, part of the Ferrar Province of Australia and Antarctica, have some trace‐element and isotopic compositions that suggest continental contamination of mantle‐derived magmas. The debate has centred on whether the contamination occurred during intrusion into the crust, or if the mantle source itself was contaminated. The behaviour of Sr and O isotopes suggests that the mantle source had a δ18O composition of +6‰ and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.709, which supports the latter contention. Recently published Re–Os data likewise dismiss upper crustal contamination: Re–Os isotopic compositions of magnetite‐rich mineral separates from seven Tasmanian dolerites yield an isochron that gives the same age, within uncertainties, as other dating techniques, namely 175 ± 5 Ma. Moreover, Re–Os data from a study of Antarctic Ferrar Province samples lie on the same isochron and the data together give an age of 177.3 ± 3.5 Ma. The initial 187Os/188Os of 0.125 ± 0.033 is the calculated mantle composition at the time. These results support previous models that attribute chemical features of the Ferrar magmas to re‐enrichment of a depleted mantle source region rather than processes involving assimilation of crust by basaltic magma. 相似文献