共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
An abundant and diversified assemblage of benthic fossils from the Ediacaran Doushantuo black shales in the Wenghui section of Guizhou Province contains two discoidal carbonaceous forms, Kullingia rotadiscopsis sp. nov. and Eoaequorea xingi gen. & sp. nov. The fossils have well-preserved concentric rings and radiating lines, and resemble many circular casts and moulds in Ediacaran clastic and carbonate rocks in the world, such as Aspidella, Ediacaria, Cyclomedusa, Eoporpita, Ovatoscutum, Spriggia and Kullingia. The Doushantuo carbonaceous macrofossils help us to inquire into the current functional identifications of circular disks as the holdfasts of unknown organism or scratch circles. Although there is not sufficient correspondence in morphology to warrant reinterpreting all previously described Kullingia and Aspidella form-genus-type structures, these carbonaceous compressions are prone to be the ancestor of pelagic jellyfish-like organisms with medusoid hydrozoan affinity. 相似文献
2.
Occurrence of Cordaitales from lower Gondwana sediments of Ib-River Coalfield, Orissa, India: An Indian scenario 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamal Jeet Singh Shreerup Goswami Shaila Chandra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):666-684
The Ib-River Coalfield in Orissa State is a part of Mahanadi Master Basin. Recent extensive investigations were conducted in this Coalfield to locate fossiliferous beds in the Lower Gondwana deposits and as a result a large cache of plant fossils were recovered from Lower Permian sediments (Barakar Formation) exposed in Jurabaga and Lajkura Collieries. The complete flora includes 23 genera representing nine orders viz., Lycopodiales, Equisetales, Sphenophyllales, Filicales, Cordaitales, Coniferales, Ginkgoales, Cycadales and Glossopteridales. Only the Cordaitales, represented by four genera i.e., Noeggerathiopsis, Cordaites, Euryphyllum and Kawizophyllum are discussed in this paper. Cordaitalean leaves are described for the first time from this coalfield; the remaining plant groups will be considered in a subsequent publication. Cordaitalean leaves attributable to Noeggerathiopsis hislopii, Noeggerathiopsis minor, Euryphyllum whittianum, Euryphyllum maithyi, Kawizophyllum dunpathriensis and Cordaites sp. constitute about 13.90% (111 specimens) of the total plant assemblage collected from this Coalfield. Of the cordaitaleans, N. hislopii is most abundant (47.75%; 53 specimens) followed by E. whittianum (40.54%; 45 specimens). A summary of the distribution of Cordaitales throughout the Indian Gondwana is also presented. Floristic composition varies stratigraphically at the two Barakar exposures (Lajkura and Jurabaga Collieries). Cordaitales are preserved only in the lowermost (4th) horizon (lower floral zone). Strata in these collieries have been assigned to the lower and upper Barakar Formation based on floristic content and an Early Permian (Artinskian) age is assigned. 相似文献
3.
4.
中元古代罕见的实体宏观藻类化石——来自天津蓟县中元古界高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐沉积序列中的新材料 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
天津蓟县剖面的中元古界高于庄组可以划分为4个段,其中第三段组成一个特别的非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列。在该非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列上部的隐晶质泥晶灰岩中,发育着还存在成因争议的臼齿状构造,与其伴生的是多种类型的实体宏观藻类化石。根据宏观形态特征,可以将这些宏观藻类化石暂时归为球状丘尔藻、椭球状寿县藻、带状塔乌藻和豆荚状荚藻、卵圆状卵圆藻、舌状舌藻等多种类型,以前二种居多,组成一个球状丘尔藻—椭球状寿县藻组合。这些宏观藻类化石,曾经被认为是臼齿状构造的一种而称为"球状臼齿状构造",或被简单地当作燧石结核、钙质结核等等。但是,由于其具有规则的宏观形态,其中的球形或次球形化石在常规岩石薄片下还显示出可能的原始多细胞组织分化和可能的细胞显微结构,与充填臼齿状构造的方解石微亮晶形成明显的区别,所以不应该将其定义为臼齿状构造,更不能解释为钙质结核和燧石结核,其以罕见的实体化石不同于多年来所描述的、以碳质压型化石的形式产出的宏观藻类化石。其规则多样的宏观形态所表明的多种化石类型,以及那些球状或次球状实体宏观藻类化石显示出可能的多细胞组织及相似的细胞显微结构,表明具明显的原始多细胞真核生物特征,这为探索前寒武纪真核生物的起源与演化提供了宝贵的实际材料。 相似文献
5.
Purnima Srivastava 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(6):1411-1422
Fossils of the Vindhyan Supergroup exhibit extensive diversity and variable biologic affinities represented by: bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, acritarchs, metaphytes and metazoans (including members of the Ediacaran Fauna) and ranging from less than a micron to almost a metre in size. Besides identified fossils, a number of bizarre morphologies (due to deviation of morphology from conventional structures), present in various stratigraphic horizons, have been observed. It is very difficult to identify and decide their biologic affinities. In thin sections of Lower Vindhyan cherts, microfossils resembling lichen-like or fungal forms in which a sac encompassing a coiled filament may possibly indicate a symbiotic relationship, a Volvox colony-like structure and a vase-shaped body without an opening are unique. Among the carbonaceous fossils, very unusual and interesting fossil is a transparent disc comprising numerous appendages of an unidentified mesoscopic insect-like organism. Megascopic branching and associated Grypania-like structure is another form preserved as impression on micritic limestone. Petrographic thin sections of chert belonging to the Sirbu Shale Formation, exhibit presence of microscopic bizarre forms. The assemblage includes acritarchs and acanthomorphs of variable morphology and a dividing cell-like structure interpreted to be of rhodophycean affinity or a cleaving embryo of an animal affinity. Other peculiar morphologies among the carbonaceous fossils are: branched filaments that have attached sporangia-like vesicles, Chuaria-like body comprising cluster of very small-sized spheroids resemble scale-like structure, a chrysophycean alga or a multicellular tissue of a metaphyte. Another carbonaceous fossil represents a possible metazoan exhibiting an elongate body and a mid-gut-like structure or a Vaucheriacean alga. Although the biologic affinities of these bizarre forms can be a matter of debate, their biogenic nature is almost undoubted. The presence of such forms in the Vindhyans indicates advancement in morphology and a gradual evolution of life during the Palaeoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic period. In addition, presence of Ediacaran fossils in Bhander Group and large-sized acritarchs especially Trachyhystrichosphaera sp. in petrographic thin section of chert from the Sirbu Shale Formation, Bhander Group, Upper Vindhyans, suggests Ediacaran age as an upper age limit of the Vindhyan Supergroup. 相似文献
6.
The carbonate concretions occurring at the bottom of Talchir fissile shale facies preserved signatures of various trace fossils
along with a cast of doubtful organisms and cyanobacterial mat structures. The host shale deposited under glacial melt water
fed lacustrine condition. The concretions, formed in poorly oxygenated conditions, are either of syndepositional origin and/or
deposited a little below the sediment water interface and were later exhumed to the depositional surface due to erosion of
soft mud overlying them.
The trace fossils are both megascopic and microscopic in nature. The megascopic trace fossils are identified on the basis
of their morphology as Monocraterion and Rhizocorallium. Some of the megascopic structures described remain problematic at present. The microscopic trace fossils are formed due
to the activity of marine meiofauna (possibly by nematodes), which, although produced morphologically show similar traces
of known larger ichnogeneras but much smaller than them. The discovery of these trace fossils apparently indicate the influx
of saline water into a lacustrine domain during the Talchir sedimentation at Giridih basin. Moreover, presence of the above
two megascopic trace fossils in the marine lacustrine carbonate concretions may lead researchers to consider their much wider
environmental significance than hitherto believed. 相似文献
7.
西准噶尔地区广泛分布的和布克河组已被证明是洪古勒楞组的晚出异名,本文在西准噶尔克拉赛勒克山原划为下石炭统"和布克河组"的碎屑岩地层中发现了丰富的动、植物化石,包括:三叶虫Phacops sp.,菊石Manticoceras sp.,腕足类Tylothyris sp.,Aulacella sp.,"Mucrospirifer"sp.,Cyrtospirifer sp.,植物Leptophloeum rhombicum,Syringodendron sp.,Knorria sp.,其时代显示为晚泥盆世。根据岩性组合特征将其厘定为上泥盆统铁列克提组,而非"和布克河组"的替代名称洪古勒楞组。通过区域地质调查工作,证明了西准噶尔玛依力山地层小区内没有洪古勒楞组的分布,其晚泥盆世地层仅由铁列克提组组成,洪古勒楞组只分布在沙尔布尔提山地层小区,两个地层小区的界线为孟布拉克北侧至谢米斯台山南坡的深大断裂。晚泥盆世两个地层小区沉积分异明显,直到早石炭世早期才进入统一的盆地演化阶段,地层小区的分区性也随之消失。 相似文献
8.
Shreerup Goswami Kamal Jeet Singh Shaila Chandra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,28(4-6):218-233
Gondwana basins of Orissa State constitute a major part of the Mahanadi Master Basin. These Gondwana sediments, ranging from Asselian to Albian in age, contain remnants of three basic floral assemblages i.e. Glossopteris Assemblage, Dicroidium Assemblage and Ptilophyllum Assemblage which can be recognized through the Permian, Triassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively. The megafloral assemblages of different basins of this state are discussed briefly. This report mainly deals with the plant species diversification in different lithological formations and the development of flora in the Gondwana basins of Orissa. A number of successive megafloras are recognized. Among those, leaves are the dominant part of the preserved flora, followed by fruits and roots. No wood parts are preserved in the major basins. These pre-angiospermic floras have been systematically analyzed to depict the evolutionary trends, and palaeofloristics of these basins. The distribution of plant fossils in different formations of these basins depicts provincialism in Gondwana flora within the Orissa. 相似文献
9.
A fossil fungus related to Colletotrichum Corda, which causes leaf spot and red rot in plants, was recovered from an intertrappean bed intersected by a well at Mohgaon-Kalan village, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh. The intertrappean bed is sandwiched between the two basaltic flows and is dated as Maastrichtian on the basis of plant and animal fossils. Radiometric dating of the volcanic rocks yielded ages of 67.8–61.6 Ma. The specimens are preserved on a leaf cuticle and are named Protocolletotrichum deccanensis gen. et sp. nov. They are strongly constructed, 1–2 septate, dark brown setae, each with a slightly swollen base and pointed tip. 相似文献
10.
GUO Junfeng LI Yong HAN Jian ZHANG Xingliang ZHANG Zhifei OU Qiang LIU Jianni SHU Degan Shigenori MARUYAMA Tsuyoshi KOMIYA 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1124-1132
Apart from previously reported Small Shelly Fossils (SSFs), a macroscopic fossil assemblage, comprising abundant algae, cone-shaped tubular fossil forms, and probable impressions of a megascopic metazoan, comes from the Lower Cambrian Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of western Hubei Province, south China. The visible fossils are preserved in thin-laminated siltstone or muddy siltstone intercalated between 8–15 mm-thick carbonate deposits, probably representing sedimentary settings of a constrained local depression in the shallow water carbonate platform during the Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage. The macroscopic fossil association provides significant fossil evidence about the evolution of life from the late Precambrian to the ‘Cambrian explosion’ interval. 相似文献
11.
We report the first record of anilioids from southern South America, a region where they do not live today. The fossils come from the Allen Formation (Late Campanian–Early Maastrichtian) at Bajo Trapalcó and Bajo de Santa Rosa localities, Río Negro province, Argentina. The remains consist of several vertebrae, most of which belong to the mid–posterior precloacal region of the column. Comparisons to other extant and extinct anilioid taxa indicate that these remains represent a new taxon, Australophis anilioides gen. et sp. nov. Australophis is morphologically closer to Palaeocene Hoffstetterella from Brazil and extant South American Anilius than to any other snake. These taxa might be closely related, in which case they would represent a lineage distinct from that including Cylindrophis and uropeltids. The two lineages must have diverged by the Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
12.
Daniel Perea Matías Soto Gerardo Veroslavsky Sergio Martínez Martín Ubilla 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2009,28(2):168-179
The Tacuarembó Formation has yielded a fossil assemblage that includes the best known body fossils, consisting of isolated scales, teeth, spines, and molds of bones, recovered from thin and patchy bonebeds, from the Botucatu Desert, Parana Basin, South America. The remains are preserved in the sandstones widespread around the city of Tacuarembó. We propose a new formalized nomenclature for the Tacuarembó Formation, naming its “Lower” and “Upper” members as the Batoví (new name) and Rivera (new rank) members, respectively. An assemblage zone is defined for the Batoví Member (fluviolacustrine and aeolian deposits). In this unit, the freshwater hybodontid shark Priohybodus arambourgi D’Erasmo is well represented. This species was previously recorded in Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous units of the Sahara and the southern Arabian Peninsula. Globally considered, the fossil assemblage of this member (P. arambourgi, dipnoan fishes, Ceratosaurus-like theropods, and conchostracans) is indicative of a Kimmeridgian–Tithonian age, which in combination with the stratigraphic relationships of the Tacuarembó Formation with the overlying basalts of the Arapey Formation (132 My average absolute age) implies that the latter was deposited during the Kimmeridgian–Hauterivian interval. 相似文献
13.
H.J. Hofmann 《Precambrian Research》1977,4(1):1-11
Millimetric discoid carbonaceous compressions assignable to Chuaria circularis Walcott, 1899, occur in grey and greenish-grey siltstones and shales of the Red Pine Formation on the southern flank of the Uinta Mountains. These fossils, interpreted as the flattened remains of planktonic organisms, constitute the first good megascopic record of the Precambrian biosphere in northeastern Utah. Their occurrence is consistent with previous interpretations that the Red Pine Shale accumulated partly in a marine environment, and supports a general correlation of the upper part of the Uinta Mountain Group with other Late Precambrian sequences in North America and elsewhere. 相似文献
14.
华北地块东北缘红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组孢粉化石 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
报道华北地块东北缘地区红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组的孢粉化石,建立了Cicatricosisporites-Abietineaepollenites-Piceites组合,该组合的主要特征为:以裸子类双气囊花粉和海金沙科孢子为主,含一定量裸子类无气囊花粉,未见被子类花粉,孢粉组合特征可与松辽盆地沙河子组对比。一些具有早白垩世时代意义的孢粉化石,如Cicatricosisporites sp.,Cicatricosisporites undulates和Cicatricosisporites implexus的出现,表明鹰嘴砬子组的地质时代为早白垩世。根据孢粉化石资料,推测华北地块东北缘地区在鹰嘴砬子组沉积时期古植被面貌以松科和杉科组成的松柏类针叶林为主,林下生长着真蕨类。古气候相当于湿润-半湿润的亚热带气候。 相似文献
15.
对内蒙古海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝32井南屯地层中的孢粉化石进行了系统研究,自下而上建立了2个孢粉化石组合。Piceaepollenites云杉粉-Pinuspollenites双束松粉-Abietineaepollenites单束松粉组合,分布于南屯组一段;Concentrisporites同心粉-Piceaepollenites云杉粉-Pinuspollenites双束松粉组合,分布于南屯组二段。根据孢粉化石组合中Cicatricosisporites,Densoisporites,Triporoletes,Pilosisporites等重要分子的地质时限特征,认为南屯组地质时代为早白垩世Aptian—Albian。这些孢粉化石资料对建立海拉尔盆地地层层序,而指导盆地油气勘探具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
16.
The Cambrian explosion is marked by the apparent sudden appearance of diverse metazoan skeletal fossils and an increase in the complexity of both body and trace fossils. Among them, fossil eggs and embryos from the Lower Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Member of the Dengying Formation at Ningqiang in southern China provide a unique window for investigating the ontogeny of metazoans. Gastrulation is the cell migration stage after cleavage, and can be viewed as the embryonic analog of the transition from protozoan to metazoan grades of complexity. As an example, the embryonic developmental sequences of Punctatus emeiensis is well-documented because of the stellate spines covering the body surface, that are shared with embryonic stages represented by Olivooides and their growth stages represented by P. emeiensis. Although Olivooides was considered to be a taxonomic mixture, consideration of its variation was neglected. A specific type of embryo with zigzag blastopore lips that differs from typical candidate embryos for P. emeiensis is identified; its gastrulation process is reconstructed and is comparable to the epibolic gastrulation of extant metazoans. Both the embryos and adults of this ‘type’ display radial symmetry, that suggests an affinity distinct from that of echinoderms. Moreover, the body plan of penta-radial symmetry seen widely in Early Cambrian ‘Small Shelly Fossils’ (SSF's) was probably deep rooted in the Ediacaran. 相似文献
17.
Discovery of Radiolarian Fossils from the Aiketik Group at the Western End of the South Tianshan Mountains of Chinaand Its Implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Yuejun WANG Zhaoming WU Haoruo HUANG Zhibin TAN Zejinand LUO Juncheng Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Tarim Oil Field Company PetroChin Korl Xinjiang Zhu Xiling 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(2):146-154
The Aiketik Group, distributed at the western end of the South Tianshan Mountains, China, is an important lithostratigraphic unit involved in the South Tianshan orogen. It is separated from the adjacent rocks by faults. Generally, the geologists ascribed it to the Upper Carboniferous according to Pseudostaffella sp., Profusulinella sp. and Fusulinella sp. found from the limestone and sandy limestone of Aiketik. Our radiolarian fossils were obtained from the chert samples collected from the Haladaok section located at the upper Tuoshihan River. The fossils mainly include Albaillella undulata Deflandre, Albaillella paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. aff. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp., Albaillella excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto (?), Belowea variabilis (Ormiston et Lane), Callella cf. C. parvispinosa Won, Entactinia cf. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia aff. E. tortispina Ormiston et Lane, Entactinia variospina Won, Entactinia sp., Eostylodicty 相似文献
18.
天津蓟县中元古界高于庄组“球形臼齿状构造”新解——1400 Ma以前球形或似球形实体宏观藻类化石的细胞显微结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天津蓟县剖面高于庄组,组成一个复杂而特别的叠层石—非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,其中,第三段构成一个特征迥异的非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列。在该非叠层石序列上部的均一石灰岩(隐晶质泥晶灰岩)中普遍发育大小不等的带状臼齿状构造,与臼齿状构造共同产出的是一些数毫米乃至厘米级的球形体或似球形体。这些球形体或似球形体,曾经被解释为球形臼齿状构造,也被解释为灰岩结核、燧石结核或凝灰岩结核。岩石薄片的显微镜观察表明,这些球形体或似球形体的内部,显示出较为明显但又较为原始的多细胞组织,如分生组织和类似于薄壁组织的成熟组织,其中一些成熟细胞还保留着较为明显的细胞显微结构,表明这些球形体或似球形体的内部结构明显不同于臼齿状构造的特殊填充物——等粒状微亮晶方解石。因此,这些球形体或似球形体应该归为丘尔藻或拟丘尔藻之类的宏观藻类化石,而不是球形臼齿状构造。尽管前人在前寒武纪地层之中描述了若干宏观藻类化石,但多以碳质压型的形式保存在泥岩之类的细粒沉积之中。发现于天津蓟县剖面高于庄组灰岩中的实体球形或似球形宏观藻类化石,以其较老的地质年代(大于1400Ma)、较为明显而又原始的多细胞组织和一些成熟细胞的可能细胞显微结构,表明该球形实体化石具明显的多细胞真核生物属性。这些初步研究和发现为探讨真核生物的起源演变、揭示宏观藻类化石的生物学属性提供了罕见的实际材料,因而具有重要的意义。 相似文献
19.
高家山生物群化石组合面貌及其特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
新元古代末期的高家山生物群 ,经系统研究自下而上可以划分为 3个化石组合带 ,即 :以蠕形动物爬迹为代表的 Shaanxilithes- H elminthopsis组合带 ;以锥管虫类和瓶状化石为主 ,并见大量软躯体蠕形动物和宏观藻类的Conotubus- Gaojiashania- Protolagena组合带 ;以多种管状骨骼化石共生为特征 ,并伴生有杯 (钵 )状、分枝管状及球状化石等的 Sinotubulites- Cloudina组合带 ,代表了高家山生物群鼎盛时期的产物。进一步的研究揭示高家山生物群是迄今为止地球上所发现的最早且最为多样化的骨骼化石组合。 相似文献
20.
Purnima Srivastava 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(5):575-582
A highly diversified, advanced and exceptionally well preserved microfossil assemblage, dominated by a planktic community,
has been recorded from petrographic thin sections of chert belonging to the Sirbu Shale Formation, Bhander group, upper Vindhyans,
Rajasthan. Recently, it was noticed that the assemblage also contains well preserved, large-sized acanthomorphic acritarchs,
Trachyhystrichosphaera considered to be an age-marker microfossil of the Cryogenian (850-630 Ma). It is reported for the first time from any Indian
microfossil assemblage of Proterozoic succession. The other microfossils of the Sirbu Shale Formation are: well preserved
simple, small and large-sized sphaeromorphs; complex acanthomorphs, cyanobacterial community; especially a very small-sized
but exceptionally well preserved Obruchevella, a form resembling Volvox colonies; cf. vase-shaped microfossils and morphologies, possibly inclining towards fungal affinity, or lichenlike symbiotic
associations of algae and fungi. Till date, Trachyhystrichosphaera has so far not been reported from successions older than the Tonian (1000850 Ma). It is believed that acanthomorphs attained
maximum size in Ediacaran (630-542 Ma), and further decreased in size in the Cambrian. The global paleontological literature
indicates that Trachyhystrichosphaera ranges in age from Tonian-Ediacaran (1000-542 Ma).
The present record of Trachyhystrichosphaera as well as the earlier studies of micro and megascopic life of the Bhander Group in general and the Sirbu Shale in particular
(aided by the absence of any Cambrian fossil record) indicate that in all possibilities, age of the Sirbu Shale should lie
near Cryogenian (850-630 Ma) and the uppermost Bhander group, may incline towards the Ediacaran (630-542 Ma). 相似文献