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约距今2200万年的新近纪中新世早期，菲律宾洋板块斜向俯冲插入欧亚陆板块之下，在板块碰接带的两侧进行不同的地质演化。海沟、火山岛弧、弧后盆地是板块构造理论中洋板块与陆板块碰接时在碰接带附近产生的构造地貌，即“沟、弧、盆系”。菲律宾洋板块俯冲于欧亚陆板块之下到更新世后期（距今约20万年），其构造地貌由洋到陆为大洋-硫球海沟-台湾火山岛弧-弧后盆（边缘海）-中国大陆，其中海沟以东至大陆为东海大陆架。 相似文献
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根据古巴群岛地层特征,将古巴推覆构造带及其周边划分为尤卡坦、巴哈马、中部火山岛弧及南部火山岛弧四个区域。尤卡坦构造单元为古陆残留盆地,以侏罗纪陆相沉积为特征,巴哈马构造单元属于被动陆缘,以侏罗纪碳酸盐岩台地沉积为特征,中部火山岛弧为白垩纪火山岛弧,由拉斑玄武岩–钙碱性玄武岩、喷出岩及火山碎屑岩组成,南部火山岛弧为古近纪火山岛弧,以古近系火山岩地层为主。通过与周缘地区地层进行对比、分析,认为侏罗纪–早白垩世时期组成古巴的四个地层分区起源于不同的古板块位置,分别位于北美板块边缘及古加勒比弧,其中尤卡坦构造单元起源于尤卡坦台地,巴哈马构造单元起源于巴哈马台地,中部火山岛弧构造单元起源于古加勒比弧白垩纪岛弧部分,南部火山岛弧构造单元起源于古加勒比弧古近纪岛弧部分。在K-T界线时期,加勒比板块与北美板块的碰撞作用导致了古加勒比海槽的逐步消亡,推动了古加勒比弧与北美大陆边缘的碰撞拼合。此次碰撞作用将古巴不同地区拼合在了一起,控制了古巴群岛褶皱推覆带和各个盆地的演化与沉积充填过程。 相似文献
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北美西部的地质是由三个主要的大洋板块 :Ｋｕｌａ、Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ和太平洋板块相互作用构成的。其在新生代的运动已通过对板块的相对运动进行仔细的重构而得到推断。但是 ,在时间上反推以重构Ｋｕｌａ和Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ板块的运动十分困难 ,因为中生代的太平洋板块已几乎完全消失于俯冲之中。古老的大洋岩石圈的缺失已提醒人们注意使用高分辨率的层面Ｘ射线照相术模型来追踪以往的板块运动。在北美 ,上地幔横波构造中最快的地震速度异常明显地与在大约 30Ｍａ前Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ板块在新生代的俯冲有关。Ｋｕｌａ和Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ板… 相似文献
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综合有关洋中脊俯冲的定量模式和从包括增生的洋中脊玄武岩在内的四万十带中得出的放射虫生物地层学资料，就可重新构画出北太平洋西部８３Ｍａ以来的板块轮廓。库拉－北新几内亚和北新几内亚－太平洋洋中脊沿日本岛弧通过，假设板块运动恒定，就可算出半扩张速率、洋中脊进入海沟的角度、会聚速率以及三相连接点的角度和迁移速率。 相似文献
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西太平洋边缘构造带是地球上规模最大最复杂的板块边界,以台湾和马鲁古海为界,自北往南大致可以分为3段。北段是典型的沟-弧-盆体系,千岛海盆、日本海盆及冲绳海槽均为典型的弧后扩张盆地。中段菲律宾岛弧构造带为双向俯冲带,构造复杂,新生代经历大的位移和重组,使得欧亚大陆边缘的南海、苏禄海和苏拉威西海成因存在很大的争议。南段新几内亚—所罗门构造带是太平洋板块、印度—澳大利亚及欧亚板块共同作用的结果,既有不同阶段的俯冲、碰撞,也有大规模的走滑与弧后的扩张,其间既有新扩张的海盆,又有正在俯冲消亡的海盆。台湾岛处于枢纽部位,欧亚板块在此被撕裂,南部欧亚大陆边缘南海洋壳沿马尼拉海沟俯冲于菲律宾岛弧之下,而北部菲律宾海洋壳沿琉球海沟俯冲欧亚大陆之下。马鲁古海是西太平洋板块边界又一转折点,马鲁古海板块往东下插于哈马黑拉之下,往西下插于桑义赫弧,形成反U形双向俯冲汇聚带,其洋壳板块已基本全部消失,致使哈马黑拉弧与桑义赫弧形成弧-弧碰撞。 相似文献
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西太平洋分布了全球大部分的洋内俯冲带,也是全球沟-弧-盆体系最发育的地区。勘察加(Kamchatka)半岛位于俄罗斯远东地区,地处太平洋西北部(51°~60°N、155°~164°E),是全球环太平洋岛弧的重要组成部分。前人对勘察加岛弧岩石地幔源区性质、熔融过程、岩浆结晶分异及熔/流体交代过程进行了详细的研究,并获得了丰硕的成果。最新的研究进展表明:(1)勘察加岛弧前缘火山和中部火山的源区主要为亏损地幔,而弧后区域则存在较为富集的地幔贡献;(2)勘察加岛弧不同区域的地幔源区流体性质具有一定的差异,导致从前缘火山至中部火山,地幔熔融程度逐渐降低;(3)勘察加岛弧不同区域岩石地球化学成分存在差异,而且,沿穿弧剖面某些元素或同位素(如δ11 B)表现出系统变化的特征,反应了俯冲板片流体通量和流体性质的差异;(4)勘察加半岛部分多期次火山(如Klyuchevskoy火山)地球化学成分复杂,可能反应了源区熔融条件的不同和岩浆结晶分异过程;(5)勘察加岛弧北部与阿留申岛弧近直角相交,导致异常的构造背景,促使该区域形成了具有埃达克质特征的岛弧岩浆。 相似文献
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对侵位于彭庐地块东南边缘与程浪断裂带毗邻的前寒武纪花岗岩和出露于程浪深断裂带内的超基性岩墙群的微量元素地球化学特征进行了研究,结果表明前者属板内与岛弧环境的过渡类型,后者代表典型的火山岛弧环境。结合前人在区域构造和地质年代学的研究成果,认为晋宁运动时期,扬子板块东南缘散布着多个小型块体,在华夏板块向扬子板块方向的俯冲过程中,障公山地块先与彭庐地块沿程浪断裂带发生拼合,同时形成程浪超基性岩墙群;与此同时,彭庐地块内则表现为大规模的岩浆侵入作用。在各小型块体陆续发生碰撞后,扬子板块与华夏板块在晋宁运动晚期最终碰撞拼合,火山岛弧环境转换为造山带构造,因此,彭庐地块、障公山地块等火山岛弧均成为华南造山带的组成部分。 相似文献
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长白山火山的起源和太平洋俯冲板块之间的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
近年来，尽管不同学科通过不同手段对长白山火山进行过广泛研究，然而，目前人们对它的起源仍不清楚。利用全球地震层析成像和区域层析成像结果，综合分析了长白山火山的起源。结果表明，它的起源既不同于夏威夷等板内热点火山，也不同于日本等岛弧火山，而是一种与太平洋俯冲板块在地幔转换带内的滞留和深部脱水等过程密切相
关的弧后板内火山。 相似文献
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义敦岛弧的形成演化及其对“三江”地区块状硫化物矿床的控制作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在“三江”地区,“黑矿型”块状硫化物矿床和矿点均分布于义敦岛弧带上。该岛弧具典型的沟—弧—盆体系,在垂直岛弧方向上自东而西可分为4个带:甘孜—理塘缝合带(古海沟);雀儿山—稻城弧前区(弧—沟间断);赠科—乡城火山弧区;勉戈—热达弧后区。研究表明,义敦岛弧是一个建筑于从扬子准地台边缘分裂出来的大陆裂谷堑垒体系的基础上,经历了压张交替、升降更迭的复杂历史的张性火山岛弧,是由于甘孜—理塘微板块在晚三叠世诺利克期向西陡深俯冲形成的。在其发展历史中出现岛弧裂谷阶段和相伴的“双峰式”火山活动是该岛弧最重要的特点,为“黑矿型”块状硫化物矿床的成矿造就了有利的构造—火山条件。 相似文献
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William L. Bandy Franois Michaud Jrme Dyment Carlos A. Mortera-Gutirrez Jacques Bourgois Thierry Calmus Marc Sosson Jose Ortega-Ramirez Jean-Yves Royer Bernard Pontoise Bertrand Sichler 《Tectonophysics》2008,454(1-4):70-85
To better understand the recent motion of the Pacific plate relative to the Rivera plate and to better define the limitations of the existing Rivera–Pacific plate motion models for accurately predicting this motion, total-field magnetic data, multibeam bathymetric data and sidescan sonar images were collected during the BART and FAMEX campaigns of the N/O L'Atalante conducted in April and May 2002 in the area surrounding the Moctezuma Spreading Segment of the East Pacific Rise, located offshore of Manzanillo, Mexico, at 106°16′W, between 17.8°N and 18.5°N. Among the main results are: (1) the principle transform displacement zone of the Rivera Transform is narrow and well defined east of 107o15′W and these azimuths should be used preferentially when deriving new plate motion models, and (2) spreading rates along the Moctezuma Spreading Segment should not be used in plate motion studies as either seafloor spreading has been accommodated at more than one location since the initiation of seafloor spreading in the area of the Moctezuma Spreading Segment, or this spreading center is not a Rivera–Pacific plate boundary as has been previously assumed. Comparison of observed transform azimuths with those predicted by the best-fit poles of six previous models of Rivera–Pacific relative motion indicate that, in the study area, a significant systematic bias is present in the predictions of Rivera–Pacific motion. Although the exact source of this bias remains unclear, this bias indicates the need to derive a new Rivera–Pacific relative plate motion model. 相似文献
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Throughout the Early Tertiary the area of the Farallon oceanic plate was episodically diminished by detachment of large and small northern regions, which became independently moving plates and microplates. The nature and history of Farallon plate fragmentation has been inferred mainly from structural patterns on the western, Pacific-plate flank of the East Pacific Rise, because the fragmented eastern flank has been subducted. The final episode of plate fragmentation occurred at the beginning of the Miocene, when the Cocos plate was split off, leaving the much reduced Farallon plate to be renamed the Nazca plate, and initiating Cocos–Nazca spreading. Some Oligocene Farallon plate with rifted margins that are a direct record of this plate-splitting event has survived in the eastern tropical Pacific, most extensively off northern Peru and Ecuador. Small remnants of the conjugate northern rifted margin are exposed off Costa Rica, and perhaps south of Panama. Marine geophysical profiles (bathymetric, magnetic and seismic reflection) and multibeam sonar swaths across these rifted oceanic margins, combined with surveys of 30–20 Ma crust on the western rise-flank, indicate that (i) Localized lithospheric rupture to create a new plate boundary was preceded by plate stretching and fracturing in a belt several hundred km wide. Fissural volcanism along some of these fractures built volcanic ridges (e.g., Alvarado and Sarmiento Ridges) that are 1–2 km high and parallel to “absolute” Farallon plate motion; they closely resemble fissural ridges described from the young western flank of the present Pacific–Nazca rise. (ii) For 1–2 m.y. prior to final rupture of the Farallon plate, perhaps coinciding with the period of lithospheric stretching, the entire plate changed direction to a more easterly (“Nazca-like”) course; after the split the northern (Cocos) part reverted to a northeasterly absolute motion. (iii) The plate-splitting fracture that became the site of initial Cocos–Nazca spreading was a linear feature that, at least through the 680 km of ruptured Oligocene lithosphere known to have avoided subduction, did not follow any pre-existing feature on the Farallon plate, e.g., a “fracture zone” trail of a transform fault. (iv) The margins of surviving parts of the plate-splitting fracture have narrow shoulders raised by uplift of unloaded footwalls, and partially buried by fissural volcanism. (v) Cocos–Nazca spreading began at 23 Ma; reports of older Cocos–Nazca crust in the eastern Panama Basin were based on misidentified magnetic anomalies.There is increased evidence that the driving force for the 23 Ma fission of the Farallon plate was the divergence of slab-pull stresses at the Middle America and South America subduction zones. The timing and location of the split may have been influenced by (i) the increasingly divergent northeast slab pull at the Middle America subduction zone, which lengthened and reoriented because of motion between the North America and Caribbean plates; (ii) the slightly earlier detachment of a northern part of the plate that had been entering the California subduction zone, contributing a less divergent plate-driving stress; and (iii) weakening of older parts of the plate by the Galapagos hotspot, which had come to underlie the equatorial region, midway between the risecrest and the two subduction zones, by the Late Oligocene. 相似文献
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Zohreh NOWROUZI Asadollah MAHBOUBI Reza MOUSSAVI-HARAMI Mohammad Hossein MAHMUDY GHARAIE Farzin GHAEMI 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(4):1276-1295
Two sections from the Silurian deposits in the Central Iran Micro and Turan Plates were measured and sampled. These deposits are mostly composed of submarine volcanic rocks, skeletal and non-skeletal limestone, shale and sandstone that were deposited in low to high energy conditions (from tidal flat to deep open marine). According to gradual deepening trend, wide lateral distribution of facies as well as absence of resedimentation deposits, a depositional model of a homoclinal ramp was proposed for these deposits. Field observations and facies distribution indicate that, two depositional sequences were recognized in both sections. These sections show similarities in facies and depositional sequence during the Early Silurian in the area. Although there are some opinions and evidences that demonstrated Paleo-Tethys rifting phase started at the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian, similarities suggest that the Turan and Iran Plates were not completely detached tectonic block during this time, and that their depositional conditions were affected by global sea level changes and tectonic events. 相似文献
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新疆东准噶尔塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉古缝合线的确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过构造分析及岩石学、地球化学研究,证实塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉存在一条蛇绿混杂岩带,表现为在构造变形的砂泥质基质中分布若干个洋脊型和洋岛型的蛇绿岩碎块。该带两侧地壳厚度明显不同,大陆边缘增生方向相反,该带还是一条早古生代的生物群落界线,早石炭世两侧岛弧有较大的纬度差异(20°以上)。因此,塔克扎勒—麦钦乌拉蛇绿混杂岩带是古准噶尔大洋闭合的残骸,代表了西伯利亚板块和塔里木板块碰撞的缝合线构造带。 相似文献
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南海北部陆缘盆地形成的构造动力学背景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要：南海北部陆缘盆地处于印度板块与太平洋及菲律宾海板块之间,但三大板块对南海北部陆缘盆地的影响是不同的。通过对三大板块及古南海演化的研究,可知南海北部陆缘地区应力环境于晚白垩世发生改变。早白垩世处于挤压环境,晚白垩世以来转变为伸展环境并且不同时期的成因不同。晚白垩世-始新世,华南陆缘早期造山带的应力松弛、古南海向南俯冲及太平洋俯冲板块的滚动后退导致其处于张应力环境。始新世时南海北部陆缘裂陷盆地开始产生,伸展环境没有变,但因其是由太平洋板块向西俯冲速率的持续降低及古南海向南俯冲引起的,南海北部陆缘盆地继续裂陷。渐新世-早中新世,地幔物质向南运动及古南海向南俯冲导致南海北部陆缘地区处于持续的张应力环境;渐新世早期南海海底扩张;中中新世开始,三大板块开始共同影响着南海北部陆缘盆地的发展演化。 相似文献
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胶北蓬莱群的同位素年龄及其区域大地构造意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
位于胶北带的蓬莱群是鲁东残留于太古宙—早元古代结晶基底之 上唯一的盖层。其沉积时代和变形、变质时代过去一直是未解决的问 题。本文报道并解释了从蓬莱群板岩中新获得的全岩Rb-Sr年龄、伊 利石-全岩对Rb-Sr年龄和伊利石K-Ar年龄。 在对样品的构造、变质研究和伊利石结晶度、X射线衍射及扫描电 镜分析的基础上,所得473±32Ma(奥陶纪)的全岩Rb-Sr年龄被解 释为蓬莱群遭受埋藏变质的中止时间。因此蓬莱群是老于奥陶纪的地 层。蓬莱群的第一期褶皱和同构造低绿片岩相变质(即蓬莱运动),发生于299±4Ma以前,即晚石炭世。处于华北板块南缘上胶北带的蓬莱运动,是华北和扬子板块沿胶南带碰撞的结果。这表明郯庐断裂以东华北与扬子板块的陆-陆碰撞发生在晚石炭世。这一碰撞事件在秦岭-大别山-胶南碰撞带以北的华北板块南缘带中都造成了近南北向挤压变形。 相似文献
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Abstract The Penglai Group in the Jiaobei Belt is the only remaining cover of the Archaean to Early Proterozoic crystalline basement in eastern Shandong. The ages of deposition of the Penglai Group and of its deformation and metamorphism have long been a subject of speculation. Whole-rock Rb-Sr ages, illite-whole-rock pair Rb-Sr ages and illite K - Ar ages recently obtained from the Penglai Group slates are reported and interpreted in this paper. On the basis of structural and metamorphic studies coupled with analyses of illite crystallinity, XRD and SEM, a whole-rock age of 473 ± 32 Ma (Ordovician) is interpreted as the time of termination of burial metamorphism experienced by the Penglai Group. Therefore, the age of the Penghai Group is older than Ordovician. The first-phase folding and syntectonic low greenschist facies metamorphism in the Penglai Group, i.e. the Penglai Movement, took place before 299±4 Ma B.P., i.e in the Late Carboniferous. The Penglai Movement that occurred in the Jiaobei Belt on the southern margin of the North China Plate is attributed to collision between the North China and Yangtze plates along the Jiaonan Collision Belt. This demonstrates that the continent-continent collision between the North China and Yangtze plates east of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone took place in the Late Carboniferous. The collision caused N-S compression and deformation in the southern margin belt of the North China Plate north of the Qinling-Dabieshan-Jiaonan Collision Belt. 相似文献
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The Penglai Group in the Jiaobei Belt is the only remaining cover of the Archaean to Early Proterozoic crystalline basement in eastern Shandong. The ages of deposition of the Penglai Group and of its deformation and metamorphism have long been a subject of speculation. Whole-rock Rb-Sr ages, illite-whole-rock pair Rb-Sr ages and illite K-Ar ages recently obtained from the Penglai Group slates are reported and interpreted in this paper. On the basis of structural and metamorphic studies coupled with analyses of illite crystallinity, XRD and SEM , a whole-rock age of 473±32 Ma (Ordovician) is interpreted as the time of termination of burial metamorphism experienced by the Penglai Group. Therefore, the age of the Penghai Group is older than Ordovician. The first-phase folding and syntectonic low greenschist facies metamorphism in the Penglai Group, i.e. the Penglai Movement, took place before 299±4 Ma B.P., i.e in the Late Carboniferous. The Penglai Movement that occurred in the Jiaobei Belt on the south 相似文献
20.
华北地台中生代热液成矿的构造环境 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文阐述的是在海西末期自初始欧亚板埠形成后,具有早前寒武结晶基底的华北地台,自中生代开始,便处于古太平洋板块强烈挤压俯冲以及与北面西伯利亚板块,南面华南板是一步挤压俯冲所造成的两大构造应力场和构造环境中。前者所造成的构造线方向主要为ＮＥ和ＮＮＲ走向,并由于古太平洋板块作用于我国东部大陆的Ｆａｒａｌｌｏｎ、Ｋｕｌａ和Ｉａｎａｇｉｓｌ板块都具有左行运动的特征,这就造成华北地台、整个中国东部大陆ＮＥ和Ｎ 相似文献