共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The notions of deformations in the juncture area of the Eastern Arctic Shelf and Lomonosov Ridge are highly contradictory. It has been suggested that these geostructures were divided by a large right-lateral wrench fault of the transform type, which is known as the Khatanga–Lomonosov Fault. Data obtained by interpretation of the A7 profile have been compared with seismic sections crossing large-sized wrench faults in other sedimentary basins. The investigations have shown that on the A7 profile there are no structures typical of large-sized wrench faults. The Eastern Arctic Shelf and Lomonosov Ridge, which are located on the same lithospheric plate, form an integrated structure where the ridge is a natural continuation of the shelf. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents a method to evaluate reliability for internal stability of reinforced soil structures using reliability
based design optimization. Using limit equilibrium method and assuming the failure surface to be logarithmic spiral, analysis
is conducted to maintain internal stability against both tensile and pullout failure of the reinforcements. Properties of
backfill soil and strength of the geosynthetic reinforcement are considered as random variables. For the seismic conditions,
reliability indices of all the geosynthetic layers in relation to tension and pullout failure modes are determined for different
magnitudes of seismic accelerations both in the horizontal and vertical directions, surcharge load and design strength of
the reinforcement. The efforts have been made to obtain the number of layers, pullout length and total length of the reinforcement
at each level for the desired target reliability index values against tension and pullout modes of failure. The influence
of horizontal and vertical earthquake acceleration, surcharge load, design strength of the reinforcement, coefficient of variation
of soil friction angle and design strength of the reinforcement on number of layers, pullout length and total length of the
reinforcement needed for the stability at each level is discussed. 相似文献
3.
能源地下结构是将热交换管埋设在建筑基础构件和地下结构物中,兼具承载及换热功能的结构形式,在有效节省宝贵且不可逆的地下空间资源的同时,还能充分利用非碳基的连续稳定、安全清洁的地热能资源,这比传统的地源热泵更具优势。系统总结了能源地下结构的概念、优势、国内外研究及应用进展,重点阐述了能源隧道、能源桩(能源锚杆)、能源地下连续墙和能源综合管廊4种目前常见能源地下结构的现状。将地源热泵系统与煤矿巷道等矿区建设相结合,既能够对地热能资源进行综合利用,还可有效解决传统深部采矿掘进作业时的高温热害及寒区煤矿巷道的保温防冻难题,具有环保、低碳、节能、高效的显著优势,是实现绿色矿井建设及碳达峰碳中和目标的有效途径,可产生显著的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。然而,现有能源地下结构的研究模型均有其适用性和局限性、研究结果与实际工况存在较大偏差、能源地下连续墙和能源综合管廊研究较少等是当前存在的主要问题,对于能源地下结构的研究工作应结合工程实际情况,并尽可能考虑所有因素对结构工程的影响,以期提升研究成果的精度和水平;此外,对煤矿巷道等矿区建设中运用能源地下结构的可行性和前景进行了探讨,在能源地下结构的基础上,进一步综合太阳能、风能等非碳基清洁能源构建复合能源利用系统也是值得尝试的思路;同时,还对能源地下结构在抗(减)震、抗爆和防火等方面的防灾减灾设计给出建议,可为能源地下结构及其在绿色矿井建设方面的研究、应用与发展提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Energy geostructures are rapidly gaining acceptance around the world; they represent a renewable and clean source of energy that can be used for the heating and cooling of buildings and for de‐icing of infrastructures. This technology couples the structural role of geostructures with the energy supply, using the principle of shallow geothermal energy. The geothermal energy exploitation represents an additional thermal loading, seasonally cyclic, which is imposed on the soil and the structure itself. Because the primary role of the piles is the stability of the superstructure, this aspect needs to be ensured even in the presence of the additional thermal load. The goal of this paper is to numerically investigate the behaviour of energy pile foundations during heating–cooling cycles. For this purpose, the finite element method is used to simulate both a single and a group of energy piles. The piles are subjected to a constant mechanical load and a seasonally cyclic thermal load over several years, imposed in terms of injected–extracted thermal power. The soil and the pile–soil interface behaviours are reproduced using a thermoelastic‐thermoplastic constitutive model. The thermal‐induced stresses inside the piles and the additional displacements of the foundations are discussed. The group model is used to investigate the interactions between the piles during thermo‐mechanical loading. The presented results are specific to the studied cases but lead to the conclusion that both the thermal‐induced displacements and stresses, despite being acceptable under normal working conditions, deserve to be taken into account in the geotechnical design of energy piles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
The use of concrete geostructures for energy extraction and storage in the ground is an environmentally friendly and easy way of cooling and heating buildings. With such energy geostructures, it is possible to transfer energy from the ground to buildings by means of fluid-filled pipes cast in concrete. By injecting thermal energy in summer and extracting it in winter, the ground in the area of a building’s piles can be used for seasonal energy storage, as long as the underground water flow in the storage remains low. This paper is a contribution to the improvement of the knowledge in the field of energy geostructures. The behaviour of a multi-pile seasonal storage system subjected to thermo-mechanical loading is examined numerically from both thermal and mechanical perspectives. The purpose of this paper is (i) to propose a thermo-hydro-mechanical 2D solution to the 3D problem, (ii) to explore the thermal behaviour of this type of storage and (iii) to evaluate its structural consequences. Coupled multi-physical finite element modelling is conducted. The efficiency of the storage is not dramatically affected by an increase in the annual mean temperature of the storage. It is shown that induced mechanical loads are less important when considering a wholly heated pile structure than when considering a single heated pile in a foundation. The evolution of stresses in the piles and in the soil during heating–cooling cycles also reveals possible critical phenomena. 相似文献
6.
The effect of heterogeneity of soils on a seismic design procedure based on residual displacement according to safety factors is examined. Although soils are heterogeneous in nature, at present the seismic designs of embankments implement the assumption that soils are homogeneous. In this study, a seismic reliability analysis using a Monte Carlo simulation and considering the heterogeneity of soil strength was applied to the Newmark sliding block method. The data of the analysis in this study were based on in-situ soil test results of actual airport embankments. This paper indicates a rational and practical approach to modifying the actual heterogeneous soil conditions into homogeneous design parameters for the Newmark sliding block method in homogeneous ground conditions. 相似文献
7.
构造煤与原生煤的物性差异明显,是煤层气储层建模需要考虑的关键因素之一。针对构造煤厚度分布预测这一关键问题,以测井曲线和地震属性为数据输入,综合分析了构造煤识别和厚度预测的最新研究进展。相对于交互式测井曲线识别来说,基于小波多尺度分析和聚类分析的构造煤识别方法精度更高、可靠性更好。结合地震属性和机器学习算法,可以获得精度更高的构造煤厚度确定性预测结果。结合地震属性和地质统计学随机模拟,可以获得可靠性更高的构造煤厚度非确定性预测结果。尽管构造煤厚度预测已研究多年,但构造类型和空间位置预测仍然需要进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
提出一种考虑能量-时间分布的边坡动力可靠性分析方法。该方法将动态最危险滑动面及其稳定系数以时间序列加以刻画,并根据边坡动力反应的能量分布特征,提取持续时间统计窗,用于对上述时间序列的统计分析,以获取边坡动力模糊失效概率、边坡动力可靠度指标和基于保证率的边坡动力稳定系数。以澳大利亚计算机应用协会边坡稳定考核题为例,应用上述新方法考察其在芦山7.0级主震波形条件下的稳定性,研究了在不同统计窗下的边坡动力可靠性。案例分析表明： （1）新方法能够抓住影响边坡动力稳定的主要时间段,使分析结果更为凝练、可信。（2）通过引入边坡失效状态的模糊判别,使得可靠性评价中能够考虑模糊性,解决了以往常规方法区分度不够的问题。（3）基于保证率的边坡动力稳定系数具有很好的应用前景,它在内涵上体现了可靠性分析,在形式上与静力稳定系数的定义兼容,在数值上反映了边坡瞬时动力稳定系数的保守估计值,在实践上与现行规范的拟静力法具有良好的可比性,因而具有多方面的优势。（4）就本案例而言,动力条件下最危险滑动面的发育位置趋向于静力条件下的最危险滑动面,体现了依据静力和拟静力理论框架所进行的防护工程设计,在动力条件下仍然具有积极的意义。（5）新方法对定量研究现行边坡规范的抗震设计冗余提供了一条途径。提出的新方法为边坡抗震研究提供了新的思路、方法和可供参考的实例。 相似文献
9.
概率地震危险性评价系统开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
工程建设时必须对工程场地的地震危险性进行评价,并且对工程结构物要采取抗震设计。由于相关部门往往针对某一地区只提供一个地震设防加速度范围值或地震设防烈度值,而且某一地震烈度值所对应的加速度值的范围也很大,使得在实际应用中给具体工程安全、经济地选用合适的抗震设防加速度带来一定困难;为解决这个问题,本文以概率地震危险性评价理论为基础,开发了一套地震危险性评价系统。利用该评价系统根据相关地震活动性参数,可以方便、快速地计算出具体工程应该采用的抗震设防加速度值,从而解决了工程活动中安全、经济地选用抗震设防加速度值的问题。文中还针对潜在线源和潜在面源的处理难以在程序上实现这一难题,分别提出了一种精确求解和近似求解的算法。本文并以实例进行了评价计算,计算结果与中国地震局公布的数据符合较好,从而验证了开发的评价系统具有较好的可信度。 相似文献
10.
本文提供了一种简单的确定性数值方法,来分析在平稳随机地震荷载作用下的结构随机地震响应及动力可靠度。该方法基于有限元动力分析软件,以单位加速度脉冲函数作为地震荷载的输入,当计算出结构的脉冲响应函数后,再运用傅立叶变换得到随机激励和结构响应之间的传递函数,由此来计算结构的均方根响应和峰值响应。基于此方法,分析了挡土结构物在平稳随机地震荷载作用下的位移、弯矩、基底水平合力、基底竖向合力以及沿墙高的土压力极值的随机地震响应及动力可靠度。从分析结果可以看出:用Kanai谱模型的计算值比欧进萍谱模型的计算值更趋保守,而把响应过程当作马尔可夫过程似比泊松过程更精确。 相似文献
11.
轻便可控震源与夯击震源在金属矿地震勘探中的对比试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
可控震源具有分辨率高、频率范围选择自由、能量频谱有一定可控性等优点。但目前在浅层地质勘探中 ,尚缺乏可控、无损和高分辨率的震源。吉林大学国土资源部现代地球物理仪器开放研究实验室研制的轻便高频可控震源系统填补了国内这一空白。为验证其可靠性和稳定性 ,在河北省迁安大石河铁矿进行了轻便高频可控震源 (PHV )系统与夯击震源WACKERBS6 0Y系统的对比试验。试验结果表明 :高频可控震源工作稳定、效率高 ,较夯击震源有着较为明显的优点 ,且其地震反射剖面与夯击震源地震剖面具有良好的一致性。可控震源无疑将成为浅层工程、地质勘探无损探测的有力工具 ,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
12.
Acta Geotechnica - Embedded retaining walls equipped with ground heat exchangers is one kind of energy geostructures, harvesting the shallow ground energy for heating and cooling buildings.... 相似文献
13.
This paper presents an approach to modelling fracture networks in hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs. A detailed understanding of the fracture network within a geothermal reservoir is critically important for assessments of reservoir potential and optimal production design. One important step in fracture network modelling is to estimate the fracture density and the fracture geometries, particularly the size and orientation of fractures. As fracture networks in these reservoirs can never be directly observed there is significant uncertainty about their true nature and the only feasible approach to modelling is a stochastic one. We propose a global optimization approach using simulated annealing which is an extension of our previous work. The fracture model consists of a number of individual fractures represented by ellipses passing through the micro-seismic points detected during the fracture stimulation process, i.e. the fracture model is conditioned on the seismic points. The distances of the seismic points from fitted fracture planes (ellipses) are, therefore, important in assessing the goodness-of-fit of the model. Our aims in the proposed approach are to formulate an appropriate objective function for the optimal fitting of a set of fracture planes to the micro-seismic data and to derive an efficient modification scheme to update the model parameters. The proposed objective function consists of three components: orthogonal projection distances of the seismic points from the nearest fitted fractures, the amount of fracturing (fitted fracture areas) and the volumes of the convex hull of the associated points of fitted fractures. The functions used in the model update scheme allow the model to achieve an acceptable fit to the points and to converge to acceptable fitted fracture sizes. These functions include two groups of proposals: one for updating fracture parameters and the other for determining the size of the fracture network. To increase the efficiency of the optimization, a spatial clustering approach, the Distance-Directional Transform, was developed to generate parameters for newly proposed fractures. A simulated dataset was used as an example to evaluate our approach and we compared the results to those derived using our previously published algorithm on a real dataset from the Habanero geothermal field in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. In a real application, such as the Habanero dataset, it is difficult to determine definitively which algorithm performs better due to the many uncertainties but the number of association points, the number of final fractures and the error are three important factors that quantify the effectiveness of our algorithm. 相似文献
14.
15.
河流相砂岩储层内部由于岩性、物性和微小构造变化导致的不连续性特征是阻隔流体流动,影响注采受效的重要因素。因此对这些特征的研究对于油田开发具有重要意义。这类不连续特征在地震资料上通常表现为地震振幅和波形的变化、同相轴的扭曲等,尺度通常小于地震资料分辨率。本文研究了基于曲率算法的储层不连续性特征的识别方法,通过模型正演分析发现曲率属性对于砂体之间不连续性特征具有较高的检测精度。在渤海某油田砂体单元的应用分析表明,曲率属性对于储层不连续性的检测结果与后期生产动态及示踪剂测试结果吻合,验证了该方法的可靠性。该方法技术能够为油田高效开发提供有力的技术支撑。 相似文献
16.
针对砂土地震液化预测问题,基于Fisher判别分析原理(FDA),选用平均粒径、不均匀系数、标贯击数、地下水水位、砂层埋深、剪应力与有效上覆应力比、地震烈度.震中距等8个实测指标为判别因子,建立Fisher线性判别函数模型,对砂土液化进行预测.研究结果表明,Fisher判别分析结果与神经网络输出结果一致,优于规范法和Seed法判别结果,验证了该模型的合理性和可靠性.运用该模型进行判别分析,简易方便,分类效率高,对砂土液化判别快速、有效,模型适用性强,具有一定的工程应用前景. 相似文献
17.
In this study, a new reliability analysis method was developed based on the adaptive high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) and applied to geotechnical engineering problems. For practical problems requiring finite element (FE) analysis or other numerical methods to evaluate system responses such as stresses and deformations, an efficient and accurate metamodeling technique is needed because it is not efficient or straightforward to directly adopt the conventional sampling-based or gradient-based reliability analysis approaches. In this work, an adaptive metamodeling approach was created and studied based on the HDMR framework and augmented radial basis functions (ARBFs). In this adaptive ARBF-HDMR technique, a simple and inexpensive first-order ARBF-HDMR metamodel was first constructed to explicitly express a performance function, and an alternate first-order reliability method (FORM) was applied to locate the design point and compute the reliability index. A local window was then defined such that additional sample points were generated and a higher-order HDMR component function was created using ARBF and added to the existing ARBF-HDMR metamodel. The accuracy of the ARBF-HDMR metamodel was improved through this adaptive process, especially in the region surrounding the design point. One mathematical and four geotechnical engineering problems were studied and solved using the proposed adaptive ARBF-HDMR approach. The proposed method was found to be capable of obtaining accurate reliability indices within a few iterations in all test problems. 相似文献
18.
Lifelines are networks extending spatiallyover large areas. Transportation systems, pipelines,communication and power transmission systems areexamples of lifelines. The performance of a lifelineafter a major earthquake is particularly vital for acommunity because of the emergency services that areusually required after such events. Performancemeasures are usually expressed in terms of quantitiesthat are assessed based on statistical andprobabilistic methodologies. The major performancemeasure is the probability of reaching from aspecified point to another one successfully after acatastrophic event, such as an earthquake. Evaluationof this performance measure requires a seismic hazardmethodology, capacity determination techniques andnetwork reliability assessment methods. By combiningthese three aspects in one model, it is possible tocalculate the reliability of any lifeline system underseismic danger. The aim of this paper is to present aprobabilistic model for the evaluation of the seismicreliability of lifeline networks having multiplesources. The seismic reliability of a waterdistribution system located in Bursa, Turkey isassessed in order to show the implementation of theproposed model. The numerical calculations are carriedout by the LIFEPACK software, which is developed forthis purpose. 相似文献
19.
地震工况下坝坡的抗滑安全系数取值标准研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震工况下的坝坡抗滑稳定性核算一直是大坝安全性评价的重要环节,采用科学合理的计算方法是评价坝坡安全性的基本保证。本文从概率极限分析的角度探讨了坝坡稳定性可靠度分析的概率意义,提出了将地震发生当做概率事件的坝坡可靠度计算方法。为验证将地震超越概率纳入坝坡稳定分析中的合理性,本文通过两个典型算例和小浪底坝坡典型剖面的抗滑稳定性分析研究了坝坡在地震工况下的单一安全系数与可靠指标的变化规律。研究结果表明在坝坡稳定分析中引入超越概率计算所得结果与工程实际相符,与以往的将地震发生当做确定性事件计算方法相比,该方法显著提高了坝坡的可靠指标值;比较可靠指标与单一安全系数的取值标准显示出在坝坡稳定分析中合理地引入地震概率分析方法能够保证坝坡在地震和正常工况下有相近的可靠指标值 相似文献
20.
A practical and efficient approach of implementing second‐order reliability method (SORM) is presented and illustrated for cases related to foundation engineering involving explicit and implicit limit state functions. The proposed SORM procedure is based on an approximating paraboloid fitted to the limit state surface in the neighborhood of the design point and can be easily carried out in a spreadsheet. Complex mathematical operations are relegated to relatively simple user‐created functions. The failure probability is calculated automatically based on the reliability index and principal curvatures of the limit state surface using established closed‐form SORM formulas. Four common foundation engineering examples are analyzed using the proposed method and discussed: immediate settlement of a flexible rectangular foundation, bearing capacity of a shallow footing, axial capacity of a vertical single pile, and deflection of a pile under lateral load. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations are made. In the case of the laterally loaded pile, the friction angle of the soil is represented as a one‐dimensional random field, and pile deflections are computed based on finite element analysis on a stand‐alone computer package. The implicit limit state function is approximated via the response surface method using two quadratic models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献