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1.
江苏盱眙凹凸棒石粘土含矿层的岩石地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玄武岩岩石学、岩石地球化学研究表明，盱眙地区晚第三纪玄武岩为大陆碱性橄榄玄武岩，为具有相似的上地幔岩浆源区多期次喷发旋回的产物；玄武岩岩石化学成分表现出与区域相反的变化趋势，即由钙碱性向碱钙性方向演化。玄武岩的风化作用过程分两个阶段进行，风化作用晚期发生蒙脱石的凹凸棒石粘土化转变。 相似文献
2.
1986年底在金坛县花山乡一带进行地质考察过程中,发现了凹凸棒石粘土,经综合测试鉴定结果表明,该区有两个新矿点,即花山乡砖瓦厂和花山乡杨家村矿点。一、地质概况凹凸棒石粘土产于金坛县花山乡砖瓦厂和花山乡杨家村一带。呈层状分布较均匀,杨家村厚约1.7米。砖瓦厂上伏地层为第四系黄土层是制砖的优质材料。杨家村上伏地层是坡积层内含砾石。砾石中含有玄武岩碎块,受强烈风化已转化为以高岭土为主的粘土矿物。经红外分析尚未发现凹凸棒石。该区凹凸棒石粘土岩属阜宁群,上部是玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩(有的转化粘土岩),下部为粘土岩。推测凹凸棒石粘土是基性火山碎屑物质风化后又伴随着浅水沉积而成。 相似文献
3.
水悬浮体系中蒙脱石和凹凸棒石的互相作用及其意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
由于晶体结构的制约，蒙脱石和凹凸棒石具有不同的形态和物理化学性质，在水悬浮体系中必定存在蒙脱石和凹凸棒石的互相作用，但这种互相作用的形式和科学意义未曾被人认知。通过蒙脱石和凹凸棒石分散、悬浮液混合、固液分离处理，经XRD、TEM、SSA分析证实，水悬浮体系蒙脱石和凹凸棒石存在胶体互相作用，并且以面-面形式结合。研究结果的理论和实际意义表现在以下三个方面：①为合理解释凹凸棒石蒙脱石混合粘土吸附现象和物理化学性质提供新的视角；②凹凸棒石可以作为蒙脱石粘土的改性剂，在蒙脱石粘土中添加少量的凹凸棒石即可达到提高比表面积的效果，可以利用蒙脱石和凹凸棒石的互相作用来制备类似柱撑粘土的纳米孔结构材料；③凹凸棒石粘土样品湿法处理时，水悬浮体系中不同矿物胶体颗粒互相作用会影响X射线粉末衍射分析结果，对此现象在粘土矿物定量研究中应引起重视。 相似文献
4.
盱眙高家洼-梁家洼凹凸棒石粘土矿床成矿特征及成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盱眙高家洼—梁家洼凹凸棒石粘土矿床是苏皖新生代凹凸棒石粘土成矿带的典型矿床之一。分析研究了Ⅴ号粘土矿层分布特征、矿石的矿物成分、化学成分、物化性能与工艺性能,与成矿带内龙王山等矿床同层位矿石及顶底板玄武岩作了化学成分比较。分析了凹凸棒石粘土矿的成矿环境与物理化学条件,指出了矿床成因。 相似文献
5.
《矿物学报》2018,(6)
贵州西部二叠系龙潭组底部广泛发育一套粘土岩,在华南板块扬子地台普遍存在,也是贵州二叠系瓜德鲁普统—乐平统(G-L)界线的标志层,研究其物质来源对反演大地构造背景具有重要意义。本文在贵州西部纳雍、遵义两地进行了样品采集,对G-L界线粘土岩矿物学及地球化学特征进行研究。X射线衍射(XRD)显示,矿物组合特征反映粘土岩经风化搬运沉积形成,峨眉山玄武岩为物质来源供给区;地球化学特征表明,粘土岩以富集高场强元素及稀土元素为特征,轻稀土较重稀土更为富集,明显负Eu异常与轻微负Ce异常,粘土岩继承了峨眉山元素组合特征。由此认为贵州西部二叠系龙潭组底部G-L界线粘土岩为峨眉山玄武岩经风化搬运沉积形成。 相似文献
6.
甘肃西峰晚第三纪红粘土的化学组成及化学风化特征 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
通过对甘肃西峰红粘土样品的地球化学研究,发现其碳酸盐含量较高,而Si、Al、Fe等元素含量相对较低。为消除碳酸盐的影响,样品经酸溶处理后其化学组成十分均一,反映物质来源的一致性。稀土元素以及微量元素分布形式揭示出红粘土与第四纪黄土-古土壤风成成因的相似性。研究表明,红粘土的化学风化尚处于脱Ca、Na为主的早期阶段;CIA值和酸不溶物中的Na/K比及Rb/Sr比参数一致地指示了红粘土化学风化程度高于第四纪的黄土和古土壤,反映出晚第三纪以来黄土高原的气候由相对温暖湿润向第四纪逐渐变干变冷演化的总趋势。 相似文献
7.
珠江口盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其动力学意义 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
研究表明，南海(SCS)珠江口盆地新生代火山岩特征如下：早第三纪火山岩成分较复杂，既有玄武岩，也有较多的中酸性火山岩，岩石系列以钙碱性为主。火山岩的K／P值较高，但高场强元素(HFSE)丰度较低，Ti／Yb，Nb/La，Nb／Y值较小，玄武岩Sr、Nd同位素组成为相对富集型；而晚第三纪火山岩成分较单一，全为玄武岩，形成碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩组合。玄武岩K/P值降低，但其HFSE增高，Ti／Yb、Nb/La、Nb/Y值增大，Sr、Nd同位素组成为相对亏损型。这种发展趋势与北美西部新生代裂谷区火山活动的发展序列颇为相似。此外，本区玄武岩的Pb同位素组成具有Dupal异常特征。岩浆作用的发展趁势及地球化学特征反映岩石圈底层剥落或层离作用(delamination)可能是南海北部新生代陆缘扩张的一种重要的动力学机制。 相似文献
8.
黔西南老万场红色粘土型金矿矿物特征及其意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对黔西南老万场金矿粘土层的矿物成分分析表明，粘粒级部分主要为高岭石、次为三水铝石、伊利石、石英、蒙脱石和锐钛矿，另有少量钾长石和斜长石；砂砾级部分主要为石英和风化的玄武岩、凝灰岩、粉砂质页岩和硅质岩岩屑，次为褐铁矿、铝土矿、锰质和钙泥质团声，矿物特征表明，粘土层是由峨眉山玄武岩、大厂层硅质岩、茅口灰岩和原生低温热液蚀变（矿化）岩风化的产物，矿床是在岩溶坍塌使成矿物质发生初步堆积，再经一定程度的红土化作用形成的红色粘土型金矿。 相似文献
9.
云南东川铜矿田白锡腊铜矿床岩浆岩岩石地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据化学组成、稀土元素、微量元素等特征对白锡腊矿区岩浆岩进行了系统研究。结果表明：该区岩浆岩是由来自深部的碱性－超碱性玄武岩浆分异结晶而成，晚期向富碱、富硅演化，形成了与富铜矿化关系密切的基性脉岩。 相似文献
10.
广西凭祥英安岩的化学风化作用研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用薄片观察、X射线粉晶衍射分析和化学分析方法研究了广西凭祥英安岩风化剖面的形成作用。风化作用初期，母岩中微量黄铁矿的氧化分解导致方解石与绿泥石的迅速分解；风化中期形成了大量的高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石和蛭石；风化作用高级阶段以高岭石、石英和氧化铁矿物的富集为特征，但仍然存在少量蒙脱石、伊利石和蛭石。风化剖面的部分层段显示出与剖面其他部分明显不同的地球化学特征，即Na的富集和K的亏损。在Al2O3—(CaO^* Na2O)—K2O三角图上，风化中期这些层段明显偏离了正常的风化趋势。矿物学和微形貌的研究表明，造成偏离的原因是古地下水引起的正长石的钠长石化作用。 相似文献
11.
Sucharita Pal Surabhi Srivastava J. P. Shrivastava 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(1):38-52
Jhilmili intertrappean bed (～13 m thick) attains its significance with the recent discovery of brackish water ostrocod and planktonic foraminifera fossils (Keller et al. 2009; Khosala et al. 2009). Present XRD data revealed abundance of montmorillonite > montmorillonite/chlorite mixed layer > palygorskite in five physically distinct lithounits namely: (a) lower chocolate brown siltstone with green patches, followed by (b) brick red clayey siltstone, (c) greenish grey clay, (d) yellowish brown clay and (e) uppermost olive grey to dark brown silt layers in the successionrepresent higher weathering indices and annual precipitation, reflecting cyclic, but longer spells of weathering. Occurrence of M/C mixed layer with the smectite in Jhilmili area is suggestive of their derivation from the later, whilst montmorillonite to palygorskite transformation is ascribed to the drastic changes in the humid to arid climate, where former served as a source of Al and some of the Si and Mg ions for the later. Jhilmili and Anjar clays represent similar charge occupancies at different sites, but later contains relatively higher amount of palygorskite, formed in the arid environment. Majority of the trace elemental data plots for Jhilmili clays lie within the upper and lower limits of infra (Lametas)-/inter-trappeans clays. The continuous release of Cu throughout the succession (mainly in the palygorskite dominated clays) indicates oxidizing conditions. PAAS normalized REE data plots for these clays show progressive enrichment in the HREE contents in the lower part, but, upper part of the succession is marked by positive cerium anomaly, reflecting oxidizing conditions prevailed at the later stage of the succession. These conditions continued, but, were not conducive to HREE enrichment as evidenced by their depletion in the upper part of the succession. The Ce anomaly observed in the middle part of the succession is similar to that form by continental weathering of the basalt, ascribed to Ce precipitation in the oxic environment, thus suggestive of drastic changes in the oxidizing conditions. Thermodynamic data-sets for Jhilmili clays show I/S mixed layer and celadonite compositions, whereas, Jabalpur infra-/inter-trappean clays correspond to Mg smectites and celadonite end members, thus, representing compositional commonality with those of the other clays derived from the continental weathering of basalt protolith. Jhilmili smectites and smectite-chlorite mixtures show compositional similarity with the dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectites and the smectites formed at 250°C, having compositions between trioctahedral smectite and chlorite, thus, assigning high temperatures for their formation, where the heat required for the formation of these clays was possibly derived from the hydrothermal fluids, associated with the Deccan volcanism. 相似文献
12.
Palygorskite is a fibrous, magnesium‐bearing clay mineral commonly associated with Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic dolomites. The presence of palygorskite is thought to be indicative of warm, alkaline fluids rich in Si, Al and Mg. Palygorskite has been interpreted to form in peritidal diagenetic environments, either as a replacement of detrital smectite clay during a dissolution–precipitation reaction or solid‐state transformation, or as a direct precipitate from solution. Despite a lack of evidence, most diagenetic studies involving these two minerals posit that dolomite and palygorskite form concurrently. Here, petrological evidence is presented from the Umm er Radhuma Formation (Palaeocene–Eocene) in the subsurface of central Qatar for an alternative pathway for palygorskite formation. The Umm er Radhuma is comprised of dolomitized subtidal to peritidal carbonate cycles that are commonly capped by centimetre‐scale beds rich in palygorskite. Thin section, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analyses demonstrate that palygorskite fibres formed on both the outermost surfaces of dissolved euhedral dolomite crystals and within partially to completely dissolved dolomite crystal cores. These observations suggest that dolomite and palygorskite formed sequentially, and support a model by which the release of Mg2+ ions and the buffering of solution pH during dolomite dissolution promote the formation of palygorskite. This new diagenetic model explains the co‐occurrence of palygorskite and dolomite in the rock record, and provides valuable insight into the specific diagenetic conditions under which these minerals may form. 相似文献
13.
江苏白土山坡缕石粘土矿性能及其应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白土山坡缕石粘土矿床集中赋存于上第三系上新统桂五组。可划分出坡缕石粘土、白云石坡缕石粘土、混合粘土、蒙脱石粘土、海泡石粘土、方解石坡缕石粘土 6种自然类型。其中产于Ⅲ号矿层的坡缕粘土矿质量较好 ,具较高的应用价值。采用加入适量硅酸钠溶液的提纯流程 ,坡缕石矿石品位从30 .9%提高到 84.5 %。经研究坡缕石品位越高 ,导热系数越小 ;密度、含水量越大 ,导热系数越大。坡缕石在 6 5 0℃以下能保持晶体结构基本框架 ,仍具有较低导热系数。经多次试验 ,研制成功性能优良的Ⅲ号隔热保温涂料。 相似文献
14.
15.
本文对西南极地区纳尔逊冰盖边缘N1沉积序列化学元素组成特征和风化作用地球化学过程进行了研究。结果表明:N1沉积序列中元素的组成与该地区玄武质火山岩的化学组成具有密切的关系,该序列沉积物是自然环境下风化的产物,因此本文分析样品元素的平均含量可以作为该地区冰缘沉积物的背景值;冰缘沉积物所记录的源区化学风化作用强度显得非常微弱,处于脱Ca、Mg、Na早期风化阶段,碎屑矿物的风化过程多处在蒙脱石阶段;沉积序列中元素的活动强度及其比值变化,反映了局部的风化作用强度不同和气候环境的变化。上述研究结果有助于进一步研究南极冰缘环境的演变 相似文献
16.
苏皖坡缕石粘土中蛋白石特征及其成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TEM和XRD研究表明，在苏皖坡缕石粘土矿床的蛋白石坡缕石层中存在0pal-A和0pal-CT两种结构的蛋白石。蛋白石坡缕石层主要含坡缕石、opal-A、opal-CT，以及少量白云石和其它矿物，由富opal-A层和富opal-CT层互层组成，交互层的厚度在几个厘米左右。蛋白石坡缕石层中的矿物基本是自生矿物，从蒸发湖水中化学沉淀形成。矿物组成特征研究表明，蛋白石坡缕石层的矿物组分(Si、Mg、Al)来源于盆地周围玄武岩淋滤的浅层地下水。根据Opal-A和Opal-CT溶解度图解和城缕石、白云石形成物理化学条件图解，当湖水具有高浓度溶解SiO2和Mg^2 时，有利于opal-A和坡缕石形成，当湖水具有低浓度溶解SiO2时，有利于opal-CT结晶。因此，沉淀SiO2的结构状态取决于地下水补给的湖水溶解SiO2浓度。富opal-A和富opal-CT交互层的形成是古气候、古水文周期性变化的指示。富opal-CT层指示高地下水补给流入量，低蒸发量，湖水低盐度和溶解组分，代表湿润气候时期；而富opal-A层代表低地下水补给流入量，高蒸发量，高溶解组分浓度，代表干旱气候时期。 相似文献
17.
Basalt weathering in Central Siberia under permafrost conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chemical weathering of basalts in the Putorana Plateau, Central Siberia, has been studied by combining chemical and mineralogical analysis of solids (rocks, soils, river sediments, and suspended matter) and fluid solution chemistry. Altogether, 70 large and small rivers, 30 soil pore waters and groundwaters and over 30 solids were sampled during July to August 2001. Analysis of multiannual data on discharge and chemical composition of several rivers of the region available from the Russian Hydrological Survey allowed rigorous estimation of mean annual major element concentrations, and dissolved and suspended fluxes associated with basalt weathering. For the rivers Tembenchi and Taimura that drain monolithologic basic volcanic rocks, the mean multiannual flux of total dissolved cations (TDS_c = Ca + Mg + Na + K) corrected for atmospheric input is 5.7 ± 0.5 t/km2/yr. For the largest river Nizhniya Tunguska—draining essentially basic rocks—the TDS_c is 6.1 ± 1.5 t/km2/yr. The overall CO2 consumption flux associated with basalt weathering in the studied region (∼700,000 km2) achieves 0.08 × 1012 mol/yr, which represents only 2.6% of the total CO2 consumption associated with basalt weathering at the Earth’s surface. The fluxes of suspended matter were estimated as 3.1 ± 0.5, 9.0 ± 0.8, and 6.5 ± 2.0 t/km2/yr for rivers Taimura, Eratchimo, and Nizhniya Tunguska, respectively. Based on chemical analyses of river solutes and suspended matter, the relative dissolved versus particulate annual transport of major components is Cinorg ≥ Corg > Na + K > Ca > Mg > Si > Fe ≥ Mn ≥ Ti ≥ Al which reflects the usual order of element mobility during weathering.According to chemical and mineralogical soil and sediment analyses, alteration of basalt consists of (1) replacement of the original basaltic glass by Si-Al-Fe rich amorphous material, (2) mechanical desegregation and grinding of parent rocks, leading to accumulation of “primary” hydrothermal trioctahedral smectite, and (3) transformation of these trioctahedral (oxy)smectites and mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, into secondary dioctahedral smectite accompanied by removal of Ca, Mg, and Fe, and enrichment in Al. No vertical chemical differentiation of fluid and solid phases within the soil profile was identified. All sampled soil pore waters and groundwaters were found to be close to equilibrium with respect to chalcedony, gibbsite, halloysite, and allophanes, but strongly supersaturated with respect to goethite, nontronite, and montmorillonite.Over the annual cycle, the contribution of atmospheric precipitation, permafrost melting, underground reservoirs, litter degradation, and rock and soil mineral weathering for the overall TDS_c transport in the largest river of the region (Nizhniya Tunguska) is 9.3 ± 3, 10 ± 5, 10.5 ± 5, 25 ± 20, and 45 ± 30%, respectively. In the summertime, direct contribution of rocks and soil mineral weathering via solid/fluid interaction does not exceed 20%. The main unknown factors of element mobilization from basalt to the river is litter degradation in the upper soil horizon and parameters of element turnover in the vegetation. 相似文献
18.
黔西北上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩风化壳中铌富集机制初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年越来越多的研究显示,贵州西北一带的峨眉山玄武岩风化壳上存在一套富铌、锆、钛、镓、稀土的多金属矿层,主要与风化壳中的黏土岩有关,不过,其中有关铌的赋存状态和富集机制仍有待研究.文章对黏土岩物质来源做出厘定,认为风化壳黏土岩层主要来源于高钛的峨眉山玄武岩,铌、锆、稀土等元素也继承自玄武岩.铌主要赋存于铁铝质黏土岩中(w(Nb)100×10-6～250×10-6),含矿岩层中上部铌含量高,下部低,具体表现为w(Nb)自下而上,升高—(略微)降低—(再)升高的规律,尤以铁铝质黏土岩中铌含量最高.在峨眉山玄武岩喷发事件中,铌一方面随玄武岩喷出地表,在平缓低洼的盆地地带冷凝,另一方面酸性火山灰进入大气,形成酸雨并随之降落汇聚在先期成岩的低洼地区,形成酸性环境使原岩内的铌被侵蚀残留在原地.随着火山作用停止,酸雨不再产生,沉积环境中的水体因热水循环、海侵海退和大气降水与外界物质交换,酸性逐渐被中和乃至偏碱性,铌随黏土质沉积成岩,最终在玄武岩风化壳内富集. 相似文献
19.
辽河盆地西部凹陷粘土矿物的成岩作用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对辽河盆地西部凹陷兴隆台、马圈子、欢喜岭和曙光等地沙河街组不同深度的层位,高升地区(属弱碱性和弱氧化-弱还原环境的沙四段分别采样,经X-光衍射、电子显微镜、化学分析和差热、红外等项目的分析鉴定,研究区内的粘土矿物有: 蒙脱石 在全区较浅的地层(如欢喜岭地区小于1000米,兴隆台地区小于1500米)中均有分布。其主要成份为二八面体的钙蒙脱石。 皂石 为黑色橄榄-辉石玄武岩的次生产物。 相似文献
20.
A new deposit of high-quality bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays was discovered in the Paleogene section of the southwestern foothill of Southern Nuratau Range. The bentonites have a substantially montmorillonitic composition. Minor and admixture components are represented by illite, palygorskite, quartz, iron hydroxides, and other minerals. In terms of physicochemical properties, the bentonites are subdivided into the alkaline and alkaline-earth varieties. The carbonate–palygorskite clays possess a calcite–montmorillonite–palygorskite composition. The bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays formed in the alkaline medium of a marine basin. The major rock-forming montmorillonite formed as a result of the transformation of structurally similar clay minerals, while calcite and palygorskite are authigenic minerals. The bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays have been ascertained as a material suitable for the preparation of drilling muds, as adsorbents for the bleaching of cotton oil and purification of alcoholic products, as ointment bases and the principal component for medicinal preparations, and for other purposes. 相似文献