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1.
Manganese oxides precipitated from aerated well sea water at the Marine Science Museum, Tokai University, have been analyzed chemically and mineralogically. The OMn ratios are lower in todorokite than in birnessite but these minerals have similar contents of minor transition metals, which can be taken up additionally from sea water after the precipitation of Mn oxides. On the basis of these results, the genesis of Mn minerals is discussed in relation to marine Mn nodules.  相似文献   

2.
中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物中微量元素地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
分析了中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物中Ba、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Sr、V、Y和Zn等11个微量元素的含量。研究表明，开辟区沉积物中微量元素在不同沉积单元中的分布特征存在明显差异，反映了地质历史上沉积环境的不同。沉积物中的Zn、Ni和Mn具有共同来源，反映铁锰氧化物、氢氧化物对这些元素的吸附控制作用；Sr、Ba以及Ce和Y等元素在东区主要与岩源碎屑有关，而西区则主要来自生物碎屑；Cu具有多种来源，东区主要与生物组分和岩源碎屑有关，西区则主要与自生铁锰氧化物的吸附有关。而通常认为与有机物有关的Cr、V等元素在研究区内则主要来自岩源碎屑。  相似文献   

3.
上扬子地块早震旦世大塘坡期锰矿成因和沉积学   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
晋宁运动以后的上扬子地块,在早震旦世为陆内拉张阶段。其西缘有火山喷发,而其东南边缘为拉张裂谷带,沿黔东、湘西形成北东向的地堑盆地、沉积了黑色炭质页岩、锰矿和硅质岩。锰矿层由枕状富锰矿体和粒序层状、层纹状锰矿体组成,具有皮壳和胶状结构,并由菌藻团粒、团块、硅质放射虫以及粘土等悬浮沉积物组成层纹和显微粒序。其结构和构造特征显示锰质由海底热水补给,经化学、生物化学作用,沉积在低能深水还原环境中。  相似文献   

4.
Elemental concentrations in Phanerozoic sea water are known to fluctuate both in time and space. With regard to carbonates precipitated from marine fluids, elemental concentrations in the carbonate crystal lattice are affected by a complex array of equilibrium and non‐equilibrium as well as post‐depositional alteration processes. To assess the potential of carbonate elemental chemostratigraphy, seven Upper Jurassic sections were investigated along a proximal to distal transect across the south‐east Iberian palaeomargin. The aim was to explore stratigraphic and spatial variations in calcium, strontium, magnesium, iron and manganese elemental abundances. The epicontinental geochemical record is influenced by the combination of continental runoff and a significant diagenetic overprint. In contrast, the epioceanic geochemical record agrees with reconstructed open marine sea water values, reflecting a moderate degree of syn‐depositional to early marine pore water diagenesis. Establishing a fair degree of preservation of matrix micrite, a thorough statistical approach was applied and elemental associations tested for their environmental significance. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a persistent relation between carbonate magnesium, iron and strontium abundances. Processes related to early diagenetic nodulation in Ammonitico Rosso facies most probably account for the incorporation of these elements in the calcium carbonate lattice. The clear decoupling of carbonate manganese abundance with respect to the remaining elements is documented and related to high sea floor spreading rates and hydrothermal activity during the Late Jurassic. The investigation of potential time‐fluctuation of geochemical patterns was approached through variogram computation. The observed temporal behaviour is most likely to be forced by relative sea‐level dynamics, reflecting Late Jurassic palaeoceanographic conditions and potential planetary interactions. The data obtained in this study highlight the utility of elemental data from carbonate matrix micrites as geochemical proxies for studying the influence of remote trigger factors.  相似文献   

5.
This study is concerned with the geochemical behavior of Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ba, La and Ce under the reducing conditions of a bank infiltration system. To identify and interpret individual processes laboratory experiments were performed on columns containing sandy sediments of an anoxic pleistocene aquifer from the Ruhr valley (western Germany). The flow rate being the key variable was varied from 0.21 to 0.46 and 0.82 m/d (meters per day), whereas the concentration of the reducing agent (acetate) remained constant. A second experiment lasting 80 weeks was carried out at a flow rate of 0.80 m/d, in order to characterize interactions between the pore water and solid phase. The results of these experiments show that the geochemistry of the trace elements involved can be explained to a large extent by the major redox processes of manganese, iron and sulfate turnover. The trace elements As, Mo, Ce and La were released into the pore water as a result of the reduction of Mn- and Fe-(hydr)oxides within the zone of major redox processes. Cu and Zn were removed from the infiltrating water within the first centimeters of the column by sulfide (co)precipitation, whereas the mobility of Mo was controlled by sulfidic fixation further down the flow path. As a result of the decreasing S2−-concentrations along the flow path, dissolved As(III) was re-oxidized (EH>− 250 mV) and precipitated as As(V) in a barium–arsenate-phase.  相似文献   

6.
遵义锰矿是我国二叠纪时期一种重要的锰矿类型。南茶锰矿床是近年来在遵义锰矿区发现的又一中型隐伏锰矿床,是遵义锰矿的典型代表。南茶锰矿含锰岩系的微量元素、稀土元素、碳同位素研究结果表明:南茶锰矿成锰期前样品V/（V+Ni）值在0.6与0.65之间或与0.60接近,V/Cr值在0.71~2.05之间,均值为1.34,Ce呈中等程度的负异常,说明该期沉积环境属贫氧环境;成锰期样品V/（V+Ni）值接近0.45,V/Cr值为0.28、1.30,Ce呈轻微的负异常,反映此时属氧化-贫氧的沉积环境;成锰期后样品中,V/（V+Ni）值则介于0.65~0.88,均值为0.76,大部分样品V/Cr值>4.18,Ce呈轻微的正异常,说明成锰期后可能处于缺氧环境;含锰岩系δEu值均显示为弱的正Eu异常（成锰期前、成锰期以及成锰期后Eu/Eu*均值分别为0.88、1、0.85）,反应含锰岩系沉积时期受到热水作用的影响较弱;锰碳酸盐岩地层的碳同位素具有一次明显的负偏,至锰矿层达最低（-12.5‰ V-PDB）,显示与有机质的降解有关。综上所述,南茶锰矿的形成经历了前期氧化锰沉淀和之后氧化锰沉淀被还原形成碳酸锰的过程。  相似文献   

7.
This research tests the hypothesis that trace metals respond to the extent of reducing conditions in a predictable way. We describe pore water and sediment measurements of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), uranium (U), rhenium (Re), and molybdenum (Mo) along a transect off Washington State (USA). Sediments become less reducing away from the continent, and the stations have a range of oxygen penetration depths (depth to unmeasurable O2 concentration) varying from a few millimeters to five centimeters. When oxygen penetrates ∼1 cm or less, Fe is reduced in the pore waters but reoxidized near the sediment-water interface, preventing a flux of Fe2+ to overlying waters, whereas Mn oxides are reduced and Mn2+ diffuses to overlying waters. Both Re and U authigenically accumulate in sediments. Only at the most reducing location, where the oxygen penetrates 0.3 cm below the sediment-water interface, does the surface 30 cm of sediments become reducing enough to authigenically accumulate Mo.Stations in close proximity to the Juan de Fuca Ridge crest are enriched in Mn and Fe from hydrothermal plume processes. Both V and Mo clearly associate with Mn cycling, whereas U may be associating with either Mn oxides and/or Fe oxyhydroxides. Rhenium is uncomplicated by adsorption to Mn oxides and/or Fe oxyhydroxides, and Re accumulation in sediments appears to be due solely to the extent of reducing conditions. Therefore, authigenic sediment Re enrichment appears to be the best indicator for intermediate reducing conditions, where oxygen penetrates less than ∼1 cm below the sediment-water interface, when coupled with negligible authigenic Mo enrichment.  相似文献   

8.
Siderophores are biogenic chelating agents produced in terrestrial and marine environments that increase the bioavailability of ferric iron. Recent work has suggested that both aqueous and solid-phase Mn(III) may affect siderophore-mediated iron transport, but scant information appears to be available about the potential roles of layer type manganese oxides, which are relatively abundant in soils and the oligotrophic marine water column. To probe the effects of layer type manganese oxides on the stability of aqueous Fe-siderophore complexes, we studied the sorption of ferrioxamine B [Fe(III)HDFOB+, an Fe(III) chelate of the trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB)] to two synthetic birnessites [layer type Mn(III,IV) oxides] and a biogenic birnessite produced by Pseudomonas putida GB-1. We found that all of these predominantly Mn(IV) oxides greatly reduced the aqueous concentration of Fe(III)HDFOB+ at pH 8. Analysis of Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra indicated that a dominant fraction of Fe(III) associated with the Mn(IV) oxides is not complexed by DFOB as in solution, but instead Fe(III) is specifically adsorbed to the mineral structure at multiple sites, thus indicating that the Mn(IV) oxides displaced Fe(III) from the siderophore complex. These results indicate that layer type manganese oxides, including biogenic minerals, may sequester iron from soluble ferric complexes. We conclude that the sorption of iron-siderophore complexes may play a significant role in the bioavailability and biogeochemical cycling of iron in marine and terrestrial environments.  相似文献   

9.
Cu, Ag and Cr concentrations in natural water may be lowered by mild chemical reduction involving ferric hydroxide-ferrous ion redox processes. V and Mo solubilities may be controlled by precipitation of ferrous vanadate or molybdate. Concentrations as low as 10?8.00 or 10?9.00 M are readily attainable for all these metals in oxygen-depleted systems that are relatively rich in Fe. Deposition of manganese oxides such as Mn3O4 can be catalyzed in oxygenated water by coupling to ferrous-ferric redox reactions. Once formed, these oxides may disproportionate, giving Mn4+ oxides. This reaction produces strongly oxidizing conditions at manganese oxide surfaces. The solubility of As is significantly influenced by ferric iron only at low pH. Spinel structures such as chromite or ferrites of Cu, Ni, and Zn, are very stable and if locally developed on ferric hydroxide surfaces could bring about solubilities much below 10?9.00 M for divalent metals near neutral pH. Solubilities calculated from thermodynamic data are shown graphically and compared with observed concentrations in some natural systems.  相似文献   

10.
对长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物和底层悬浮体中氧化还原敏感元素分布规律和富集特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明氧化还原敏感元素在研究区具有明显的“离岸富集”特征,去除粒度效应、陆源碎屑来源组分和有机质的吸附作用等因素的影响之后,氧化还原敏感元素仍显示出在缺氧区的富集。通过同一站位底层悬浮体和沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素含量的分析比较,发现底层水缺氧是导致氧化还原敏感元素Mo、Cd、V等在沉积物中富集的主要原因。Mo、Cd、V等元素的不同富集程度可用来反映缺氧区的缺氧程度。因此,Mo, Cd, V等RSE在长江口外缺氧区及其邻近海域具有氧化还原环境指示意义,可以指示长江口外缺氧区的存在与大体范围,并可在一定程度上用来衡量缺氧区的缺氧程度。U理论上虽然也对环境的氧化还原条件敏感,但由于受陆源碎屑来源组分的影响较大,在长江口外缺氧区的富集并不明显,因此U在研究区不具有氧化还原环境指示意义。  相似文献   

11.
冀北坳陷中元古界长城系高于庄组下部发育一套含锰岩层,厚60～80m,主要为深灰色—黑色含锰白云岩,多含泥质。文章对高于庄组82件碳酸盐岩样品进行了微量元素分析,结合地史演化、沉积特征以及地球化学特征,表明研究区内Mn主要来源于串岭沟—大红峪期的海底火山喷发活动,一部分锰质随海底火山作用向海水中迁移,另一部分随岩浆喷溢冷却形成火山岩熔岩系,经风化作用后、搬运至区内,在闭塞、滞留和缺氧的碳酸盐岩潮下坪环境富集成岩。  相似文献   

12.
The mineral barite (BaSO4) can precipitate in a variety of oceanic settings: in the water column, on the sea floor and within marine sediments. The geological setting where barite forms ultimately determines the geochemistry of the precipitated mineral and its usefulness for various applications. Specifically, the isotopic and elemental composition of major and trace elements in barite carry information about the solution(s) from which it precipitated. Barite precipitated in the water column (marine or pelagic barite) can be used as a recorder of changes in sea water chemistry through time. Barite formed within sediments or at the sea floor from pore water fluids (diagenetic or cold seeps barite) can aid in understanding fluid flow and sedimentary redox processes, and barite formed in association with hydrothermal activity (hydrothermal barite) provides information about conditions of crust alteration around hydrothermal vents. The accumulation rate of marine barite in oxic‐pelagic sediments can also be used to reconstruct past changes in ocean productivity. Some key areas for future work on the occurrence and origin of barite include: fully characterizing the mechanisms of precipitation of marine barite in the water column; understanding the role and potential significance of bacteria in barite precipitation; quantifying parameters controlling barite preservation in sediments; determining the influence of diagenesis on barite geochemistry; and investigating the utility of additional trace components in barite.  相似文献   

13.
刘振  马志鑫  刘伟  凌云 《沉积学报》2021,39(3):515-524
在系统分析重庆秀山小茶园锰矿区大批钻孔数据资料的基础上,基于野外地质调查和室内沉积学、地球化学等分析得出,盆地中心相的沉积物厚度大,TOC、U、Mo、V、δ34Spy的含量高,草莓状黄铁矿丰富,指示了缺氧的水体条件,且锰矿的品位和厚度大。向盆地边缘相、斜坡相,沉积物厚度减小,TOC、U、Mo、V、δ34Spy含量降低,指示水体缺氧程度减弱,同时锰矿的品位和厚度减小。锰矿体厚度的变化与含锰岩系厚度的变化规律一致,二者呈正相关关系。小茶园矿区矿体展布方向与小茶园次级地堑盆地长轴方向基本一致,为NE60°左右。因此,小茶园矿区锰矿床矿体产出受到次级地堑盆地和沉积相带的控制,缺氧的盆地中心相成矿最佳,其次为盆地边缘相,斜坡相成矿较差。  相似文献   

14.
An attempt has been made to study the distribution pattern and concentration trends of eight significant metallic trace elements in the manganese ores of a few opencast workings of Barbil, Keonjhar district, Orissa, India. Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Sr, Mo, and V are the trace elements that were chemically determined from 60 samples of manganese ores collected from the study area. Since the mean concentrations of most of the trace elements concerned in the Barbil manganese ores are generally lower than those found in the manganese ores known to be volcanogenic origin, the manganese was probably derived from some nonvolcanogenic terrestrial rock source.  相似文献   

15.
Pore water and solid phase data for redox-sensitive metals (Mn, Fe, V, Mo and U) were collected on a transect across the Peru upwelling area (11°S) at water depths between 78 and 2025 m and bottom water oxygen concentrations ranging from ∼0 to 93 μM. By comparing authigenic mass accumulation rates and diffusive benthic fluxes, we evaluate the respective mechanisms of trace metal accumulation, retention and remobilization across the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and with respect to oxygen fluctuations in the water column related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Sediments within the permanent OMZ are characterized by diffusive uptake and authigenic fixation of U, V and Mo as well as diffusive loss of Mn and Fe across the benthic boundary. Some of the dissolved Mn and Fe in the water column re-precipitate at the oxycline and shuttle particle-reactive trace metals to the sediment surface at the lower and upper boundary of the OMZ. At the lower boundary, pore waters are not sufficiently sulfidic as to enable an efficient authigenic V and Mo fixation. As a consequence, sediments below the OMZ are preferentially enriched in U which is delivered via both in situ precipitation and lateral supply of U-rich phosphorites from further upslope. Trace metal cycling on the Peruvian shelf is strongly affected by ENSO-related oxygen fluctuations in bottom water. During periods of shelf oxygenation, surface sediments receive particulate V and Mo with metal (oxyhydr)oxides that derive from both terrigenous sources and precipitation at the retreating oxycline. After the recurrence of anoxic conditions, metal (oxyhydr)oxides are reductively dissolved and the hereby liberated V and Mo are authigenically removed. This alternation between supply of particle-reactive trace metals during oxic periods and fixation during anoxic periods leads to a preferential accumulation of V and Mo compared to U on the Peruvian shelf. The decoupling of V, Mo and U accumulation is further accentuated by the varying susceptibility to re-oxidation of the different authigenic metal phases. While authigenic U and V are readily re-oxidized and recycled during periods of shelf oxygenation, the sequestration of Mo by authigenic pyrite is favored by the transient occurrence of oxidizing conditions.Our findings reveal that redox-sensitive trace metals respond in specific manner to short-term oxygen fluctuations in the water column. The relative enrichment patterns identified might be useful for the reconstruction of past OMZ extension and large-scale redox oscillations in the geological record.  相似文献   

16.
To test the relative effectiveness of stream water and sediment as geochemical exploration media in the Rio Tanama porphyry copper district of Puerto Rico, we collected and subsequently analyzed samples of water and sediment from 29 sites in the rivers and tributaries of the district. Copper, Mo, Pb, Zn, SO42?, and pH were determined in the waters; Cu, Mo, Pb, and Zn were determined in the sediments. In addition, copper in five partial extractions from the sediments was determined. Geochemical contrast (anomaly-to-background quotient) was the principal criterion by which the effectiveness of the two media and the five extractions were judged.Among the distribution patterns of metals in stream water, that of copper most clearly delineates the known porphyry copper deposits and yields the longest discernable dispersion train. The distribution patterns of Mo, Pb, and Zn in water show little relationship to the known mineralization. The distribution of SO42? in water delineates the copper deposits and also the more extensive pyrite alteration in the district; its recognizable downstream dispersion train is substantially longer than those of the metals, either in water or sediment. Low pH values in small tributaries delineate areas of known sulfide mineralization.The distribution patterns of copper in sediments clearly delineate the known deposits, and the dispersion trains are longer than those of copper in water.The partial determinations of copper related to secondary iron and manganese oxides yield the strongest geochemical contrasts and longest recognizable dispersion trains. Significantly high concentrations of molybdenum in sediments were found at only three sites, all within one-half km downstream of the known copper deposits. The distribution patterns of lead and zinc in sediments are clearly related to the known primary lead-zinc haloes around the copper deposits. The recognizable downstream dispersion trains of lead and zinc are shorter than those of copper.  相似文献   

17.
赵东旭 《岩石学报》1990,6(3):87-96,T002
灯影组磷块岩有四种类型,即泥晶磷块岩、内碎屑磷块岩、藻磷块岩和细晶磷块岩。组成磷块岩的主要矿物是磷灰石、白云石、石英和少量伊利石等。磷块岩主要沉积在陆缘海内,它的沉积环境是与深水有联系的浅水地区。深水和浅水环境的地质背景分别为构造拗陷和碳酸盐岩台地。前者提供成矿物质,后者提供有利于磷质成矿的沉积环境。  相似文献   

18.
海洋沉积物中的钒、钼、铊、镓及其环境指示意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究探讨沉积物中钒、钼、铊和镓的生物地球化学行为对揭示海洋环境演变机制有重要的科学意义,基于此考虑,本文系统分析总结了近年来海洋沉积物中V、Mo、Tl和Ga的地球化学特征以及与环境关系的研究进展,以期对深入开展环境敏感微量元素的海洋生物地球化学有所裨益。结果表明,由于受人为输入的影响,近海沉积物中V、Mo、Tl和Ga含量高于远海,河口高于近海;在表层沉积物中,细颗粒沉积物中V、Mo、Tl和Ga含量高于粗颗粒中的,且其含量与物源、有机质含量等沉积环境因素密切相关;在垂直分布上,随沉积物深度的增加,V、Mo、Tl和Ga含量趋于降低,表明近几十年来,随人为影响的加剧,海洋作为地球上物质的汇获得了比以前更多的V、Mo、Tl和Ga。由此可见,在水平方向上,海洋沉积物中V、Mo、Tl和Ga的丰度可表明输入物源的特性,而在柱状样中的垂直分布,则能够表征历史年代上V、Mo、Tl和Ga沉积量的差异。由于沉积物中V、Mo、Tl和Ga的性质比较稳定,它们在一定程度上可以揭示和表征海洋环境演变的讯息,追溯海洋环境演变的历史以及预测将来的发展趋向。  相似文献   

19.
Datangpo-type sedimentary manganese deposits, which are located in northeastern Guizhou province and its adjacent areas, are Mn carbonate-type deposits hosted in black carbonaceous shale that represent a series of medium to large deposits containing a huge tonnage of reserves. PAAS-normalized rare earth element distribution patterns of manganese ores record “hat-shaped” REY (REE + Y) plots characterized by pronounced middle rare earth element enrichment, evident positive Ce anomalies, weak to strong positive Eu anomalies and negligible negative Y anomalies. These REY geochemical characteristics are different from those of country rocks and record the processes and features of sedimentation and diagenesis. Manganese was precipitated as Mn-oxyhydroxide particles in oxidized water columns with the sorption of a certain amount of rare earth elements, subsequently transforming from Mn-oxyhydroxides to rhodochrosite and redistributing REY in reducing alkaline pore-water during early diagenesis. A number of similarities can be observed through a comparison of Datangpo-type manganese ores and modern marine ferromanganese oxyhydroxide precipitates based on their rare earth elements. The precipitation of Datangpo-type manganese ores is similar to that of hydrogenetic crusts and nodules based on their positive Ce anomalies and relatively higher total REY concentrations. However, several differences also exist. Compared to hydrogenetic crusts and nodules, Datangpo-type manganese ores record smaller positive Ce anomalies, lower total REY concentrations, unobvious fractionation between Y and Ho, and weak to strong positive Eu anomalies. These were caused by quicker sedimentary rates in the oxic water columns of the shallower basin, after which pore water became strongly reducing and alkaline due to the degradation of organic matter in the early diagenetic stage. In addition, compared to typical deposits in the world, Datangpo-type manganese ores are similar to hydrogenetic deposits and different than hydrothermal deposits. All of these characteristics of manganese ores indicate that Datangpo-type manganese ores, the principal metallogenic factors of which include oxidation conditions during deposition and reducing conditions during early diagenetic stages, represent hydrogenetic deposits.  相似文献   

20.
Inorganic surfaces sorb dissolved and particulate phases from seawater onto organic films from a variety of sources. Heavy metals such as Au, Pt, Mn and Cd come to the coatings primarily from particulate phases. This observation confirms a previous finding of this laboratory for the uptake of U, Pu and Po. With depth in the open ocean there are greater contributions from the dissolved phases. Microbial and photochemical processes can enrich surfaces in some metals through reduction reactions. Copper and Mn enrichments in the films are attributed to the photo-reductions of Cu(II) to Cu(I) and manganese oxides to Mn(II), respectively, while the uptake of Mo is a consequence of the reduction, mediated by organisms, of molybdate to Mo(V) or Mo(IV). Cadmium, on the other hand, appears to be bioaccumulated in the films.  相似文献   

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