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1.
中上扬子克拉通海西-印支期(泥盆纪-中三叠世)沉积层序充填过程与演化模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以"构造控盆、盆地控相、相控组合"的思路和"过程-响应"原理为指导,即壳-幔耦合、板块活动和构造运动形成盆地,盆地沉积充填形成层序与相带组合的时空展布,而不同级别层序格架中层序结构、体系域叠加样式及相带的时空组合与盆地沉积充填过程密切相关。在前人对中上扬子克拉通盆地取得丰富的研究与勘探成果基础上,加强沉积环境、层序结构与沉积充填过程等方面的研究,对深化研究区认识以及油气资源勘探具有重要意义。因此,通过层序剖面结构、体系域叠加样式和相带组合的沉积响应记录,分析这些记录特征的时空变化规律来有效地揭示盆地沉积充填过程。具体以反映盆地整体特性的构造-层序(二级层序)为基础,以反映盆地充填格架的层序地层(三级层序)为单元,以反映层序沉积充填过程的层序结构、体系域叠置方式(四级以上层序) 和相带分布规律为剖析对象"的技术路线,探讨和实践了中上扬子克拉通盆地海西-印支期沉积层序充填过程,剖析典型盆地的充填特征,与分阶段建立沉积演化模式。研究认为,中上扬子克拉通海西-印支期与加里东期的相似性是均由克拉通内和克拉通边缘两大沉积域组成,经历了克拉通边缘伸展和由伸展到挤压的2个盆地演化阶段,差异性是该期盆地类型与演化分异明显。典型盆地沉积充填特征表明,不同时期盆地充填特征的差异性决定于沉积充填控制因素的变化,各因素的控制作用因时因地而异。构造-层序充填过程的控制因素复杂多样,包括同沉积断裂、古地理格局、古隆起、碳酸盐生产率变化、相对海平面变化、基底构造特征和构造运动等,各种控制因素通过对层序沉积充填的边界条件、古地理背景、沉积环境、物源性质、层序结构和叠加样式等方面的影响来控制层序的发育,而且是造成沉积层序充填特征差异性的根本原因。各阶段沉积模式具有个性鲜明的充填背景、沉积建造类型、相带展布规律、演化过程和控制因素。海西-印支期中上扬子克拉通台地内保持隆坳相间,台缘以台盆相间为特征,优质储层发育于台地内和台缘高能礁滩环境,台内滞留环境和台盆区为有利盖层和烃源岩发育区。 相似文献
2.
构造沉积学不仅强调大地构造背景条件对盆地演化的控制作用,同时还注重盆地内部的构造特征与沉积充填特征之间的控制及响应关系研究。陆相裂谷盆地发育过程中,构造作用强烈,盆地沉积充填过程复杂,进行构造沉积学研究对揭示盆地构造沉积演化过程具有重要意义。以大量地震、钻测井资料为基础,结合大地构造背景资料,研究松辽盆地伏龙泉断陷发育过程中的构造、沉积演化特征,分析构造活动与沉积作用之间的响应及控制关系,并由此讨论半地堑陆相湖盆的沉积充填演化规律及其控制因素。研究表明,在伏龙泉断陷盆地演化过程中,早期的火山岩隆起对盆地初始裂陷期形态具有明显的影响作用;边界断层的分布及其生长速率特征则对盆地结构演化过程起着首要的控制作用。盆地裂陷期,研究区古气候环境比较稳定,构造因素是控制该陆相裂谷盆地地层序列与沉积特征的首要因素;断裂发育特征决定了盆地的古地貌特征,而盆地的古地貌特征直接影响着盆地内部的沉积充填类型与沉积体系展布格局;区域构造抬升与断块掀斜是该半地堑盆地内部发育不整合面的主要因素。在陆相裂陷盆地的构造沉积特征研究中,构造沉积学显示出了其必要性与适用性,有利于在揭示构造沉积现象的同时,合理解释其地质成因。 相似文献
3.
《地层学杂志》2016,(1)
Termit盆地是东尼日尔盆地中极为重要的中—新生代叠合型裂谷盆地,盆地油气资源丰富,具有多期构造演化、多种构造样式、多次沉积充填等特点,形成了极具特色的层序充填样式。以层序地层与沉积学基础理论为指导,结合盆地构造演化特征,系统开展了白垩纪层序地层充填样式研究,针对不同时期盆缘古地貌背景的演变,系统总结出5种层序充填样式。研究表明,盆地宏观上经历了三大构造演化阶段,形成了多种盆缘古地貌背景,发育了5种典型的层序构成样式:早白垩世TS1层序沉积期受断裂活动控制,发育断控陡坡带和多级断阶带两种层序充填样式;晚白垩世TS2沉积期受特提斯洋和南大西洋海侵影响,沉积古环境经历了"陆—海—陆"演变,发育挠曲坡折带、简单坡折带及沉积坡折带3种充填样式。层序充填样式的差异控制了沉积体系与砂体空间展布特征,进而影响了砂体的平面分布和空间堆积样式,从而控制了油气运聚富集条件。因此,层序充填样式演化规律分析对于研究下步岩性油气藏勘探具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
4.
通过钻井、测井与地震数据,依据不整合面分析、断层活动速率分析与地层的"负向结构"分析,在义和庄凸起东部燕山期内识别出一期发生于中晚侏罗世之交的构造负反转,并据此将义和庄凸起燕山期划分为早期与晚期两个阶段.通过单井与连井层序地层分析,分别建立了燕山早期与晚期的层序地层样式,两者在层序结构及内部沉积充填等方面表现出巨大差异.早期层序地层不具有显著的沉积厚度分异,且格架内部充填河流相沉积;晚期因构造负反转而形成小型拉张断陷盆地,沉积厚度分异明显,内部以扇三角洲沉积充填为主,呈现出对构造负反转的显著响应.燕山期构造-层序地层学的研究可为中国东部其他具有相似构造背景盆地前新生代的油气勘探提供借鉴. 相似文献
5.
陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带同沉积断裂对沉积充填过程具有明显的控制作用。东营凹陷北部陡坡带在古近纪沉积期断裂活动明显,主要受两条主断裂带控制,陈南断裂控制盆地演化,胜北断裂控制沉积体系的发育;碎屑物质主要来源于陈家庄凸起、滨县凸起和青坨子凸起;受断裂构造背景及物源控制,北部陡坡断裂带主要由冲积扇、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、三角洲、滑塌浊积扇等5种沉积类型充填;时间和空间上,陡坡断裂带具有冲积扇→近岸水下扇→扇三角洲→近源滑塌浊积扇→湖泊的典型时空演化和充填模式;陡坡断裂带砂砾岩体由于具有物性好、近油源、构造活动强烈等特点,是油气聚集的有利场所。 相似文献
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7.
东尼日尔Termit盆地是中西非裂谷系中典型的中—新生代裂谷盆地。在充分应用钻井和地震解释资料的基础上,根据构造、沉积充填及主要区域性不整合面的特征,分析了该盆地的演化过程。盆地内主要发育两类断层,第一类断层形成于早白垩世,于古近纪发生继承性活动,第二类断层为形成于古近纪的新生断层。全盆地普遍存在4个主要区域性不整合面,分别位于下白垩统、上白垩统、古近系、新近系—第四系底部。下白垩统和古近系沉积特征受断层活动控制明显,上白垩统和新近系沉积中心位于盆地中部,在其沉积时构造活动较弱。构造和沉积充填特征表明,Termit盆地经历了白垩纪和古近纪—第四纪两期裂谷旋回叠置的演化过程。下白垩统和古近系沉积于同裂谷期,沉积充填受断层活动控制;上白垩统和新近系—第四系沉积于后裂谷期,以热沉降拗陷作用为主。 相似文献
8.
川西前陆盆地侏罗纪构造层序地层格架内沉积充填特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究侏罗纪龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地盆山关系,以侏罗系3个构造层序(TS1~TS3)体系域(BE, BW)为研究的基本单元,通过对川西前陆盆地构造层序充填特征的研究发现:龙门山造山带构造运动与沉积盆地的构造层序充填特征吻合较好,并且龙门山造山带北段,中段,南段在各期次构造活动中活动情况具有差异。TS1BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区都发育有冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积,中部地区为三角洲沉积,显示该期龙门山造山带北段和南段构造活动可能较为剧烈,中段相对较平缓。TS1BW期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区都以湖泊沉积为特征,仅在川西前陆盆地中部地区发育有三角洲沉积,显示本期龙门山造山带构造活动不发育,较为平稳。TS2BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区自西而东为冲积扇,三角洲—滨湖、浅湖沉积环境,中部地区为三角洲沉积,显示龙门山造山带又一次剧烈隆升,且北段和南段活动较为剧烈,中段相对较弱。TS2BW期,层序充填结构表明龙门山造山带北段和中段活动情况再次趋缓,但南段构造活动仍然较为活跃。TS3BE期,川西前陆盆地北部和南部地区发育有冲积扇沉积,中部则以三角洲-湖泊沉积为特征,显示该期龙门山造山带北段和南段都发生了较为剧烈的构造隆升运动,龙门山造山带中段,构造活动相对较为平缓。TS3BW期,龙门山造山带北段和中段构造活动减弱,南段活动持续加剧,于芦山两河口地区沉积有巨厚的冲积扇沉积物。 相似文献
9.
断陷盆地多层次幕式裂陷作用与沉积充填响应——以南堡老第三纪断陷盆地为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用盆地充填记录、盆地构造格架、盆地沉降史及岩浆活动史等信息，论证了南堡老第三纪断陷盆地存在大尺度（裂陷期）、中尺度（裂陷幕）及小尺度（幕式盆缘正断事件）三个级别的构造作用。多级别幕式裂陷作用控制了盆地内部的沉积充填，其中一级沉积旋回、二级沉积旋回和三级沉积旋回分别对应于裂陷期、裂陷幕和幕式盆缘正断事件。构造与沉积的良好响应为进行层序地层单元划分奠定了基础，构造层序、亚构造层序及层序分别对应于裂陷期、裂陷幕和幕式盆缘正断事件控制下的沉积充填实体。 相似文献
10.
江陵凹陷梅槐桥地区第三系新沟咀组下段沉积相及砂体分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过岩心、测井、录井、粒度及薄片等分析资料对梅槐桥地区第三系新下段沉积相进行研究:认为该区新下段沉积期主要发育三角洲前缘亚相,相带的变化受构造和气候双重因素的影响,尤其是气候因素,新下段Ⅲ油组沉积期,气候表现为干旱—半干旱,泥隔层沉积期,气候变现为半干旱—半湿润,Ⅱ油组沉积期,气候变现为湿润性气候,Ⅰ油组沉积期,气候表现为半湿润—半干旱,沉积总体特征为浅湖—湖进—湖退—浅湖的沉积演变过程。砂体主要发育在Ⅱ油组沉积期,类型多样:水下分流河道砂体、河口坝砂体、天然堤砂体、决口扇砂体,同生作用形成的砂体较发育。气候与构造活动有较好的正相关性,物源供给对小规模的构造活动造成的地貌差得以及时充填,致使当时的古地貌变化不大,且同生构造较明显。因此,砂体分布区带,即可作为该区油气勘探的主要目标。 相似文献
11.
本文通过滇东田坝黔西土城晚二叠世煤系上段沉积相、煤层特征和煤岩煤质的综合研究,系统分析了区内煤层形成时的沉积环境.按成煤的古地理位置分为上三角洲煤相和上、下三角洲过渡带-下三角洲煤相两大类型.根据成煤的原始质料、结构构造、煤岩特征和成煤前后环境,详细划分出八种泥炭沼泽相.着重探讨3号煤层形成时的泥炭沼泽相特征及其变化. 相似文献
12.
昭通盆地是云南省重要的褐煤产地。为了对区内褐煤资源进行客观评价,以野外地质调查和钻探成果为基础,通过对盆地的沉积相展布和区域地质背景分析,系统研究了盆地形成、演化过程和聚煤规律。研究结果表明:①盆地新近系茨营组广泛发育冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系、泥炭沼泽沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系;上新世早期盆地主体发育扇三角洲-半深湖-深湖沉积体系;上新世晚期发育泥炭沼泽-半深湖沉积体系;更新世早期发育半深湖-深湖沉积体系。②盆地经历了快速断陷期(上新世早期)、稳定坳陷期(上新世晚期)和稳定扩张期(更新世早期),形成了可采煤层M1、M2、M3,其中M1、M2煤层形成于湖平面相对上升泥炭沼泽,是盆地内分布最广泛的可采煤层,煤层M3主要分布于海子向斜。 相似文献
13.
Christophe Basile 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(5):791-801
Five stages of faulting were observed in and around the Stephanian Decazeville basin, in the SW French Massif Central, at the southern edge of the Sillon houiller fault. The older stage ends during middle Stephanian time, and corresponds to a strike-slip regime with N–S shortening and E–W extension. Before the end of the middle Stephanian, three other stages were recorded: two strike-slip regimes with NW–SE, then E–W compression and NE–SW, then N–S extension; and finally a NNE–SSW extensional regime during the main subsidence of the basin from the end of the middle Stephanian to late Stephanian. Based on mining documents, a new interpretation of the N–S striking folds of the Decazeville basin is proposed. Folding may not be associated with E–W compression but with diapirism of coal seams along syn-sedimentary normal faults during the extensional phase. A last strike-slip regime with N–S compression and E–W extension may be related to Cainozoic Pyrenean orogeny. At a regional scale, it is suggested that from the end of the middle Stephanian to the late Stephanian, the main faults in the Decazeville basin may represent a horsetail splay structure at the southern termination of the Sillon houiller fault. 相似文献
14.
本区太原组和山西组为一套过渡环境的沉积.太原组为有障壁海岸沉积体系和三角洲沉积环境.区内主要煤层的聚煤特征为太原组中的15、9及8号煤层均为层位稳定.厚度较大的全区稳定可采煤层;山西组的6号煤层为层位较稳定.厚度有些变化的较稳定部分可系煤系. 相似文献
16.
In order to get detailed information about the facies and genesis of Upper Carboniferous coal seams of Northwest Germany, maceral analyses of complete seam profiles (Westphalian B-D, mainly Westphalian C) were carried out. Four main facies and twelve subfacies could be distinguished. The main facies are:
- 1. (1) The sapropelic-coal facies, consisting of fine-grained inertinite and liptinite, which forms from organic sediments deposited at the bottom of moor lakes.
- 2. (2) The densosporinite facies which is high in inertinite and liptinite and low in vitrinite. Syngenetic pyrites, clastic layers, thick vitrains and fusains do not occur. This facies originates from peats of ‘open mires’ with higher groundwater table and herbaceous vegetation. The ‘open mire’ was situated in the centre of extensive swamps. Consequently, clastic sedimentation did not affect this swamp type and nutrient supply and pH values were low.
- 3. (3) The vitrinite-fusinite facies, which is high in vitrinite. This is the result of abundant vitrains. Under the microscope, fusains were mostly identified as fusinite. The vitrinite-fusinite facies originates from a forest mire. More or less abundant seam splits and clastic layers show that rivers flowed in the neighbourhood of this area.
- 4. (4) The shaly-coal facies, which represents the most marginal part of the former swamp frequently affected by clastic sedimentation.
17.
The No. 1 and No. 2 coal seams from the Permian Vryheid Formation in the east Witbank Coalfield, South Africa are described with respect to their distribution, thickness and quality. These two coal seams accumulated in a postglacial climatic environment and peat accumulation was closely associated with and influenced by deposition in a braided river system. The fluvial channels that were syndepositional with peat accumulation have resulted in thinning of coal below and above channel axes and pinch-out of coal adjacent to channel margins. Low-ash coal originated from peat which accumulated in areas away from the influence of clastic sedimentation. In contrast, higher-ash coals are situated adjacent and parallel to channel margins where interbedded channel sand and silt contaminated the peat.The lower No. 1 seam peat originated under near-optimum conditions in a lacustrine swamp which blanketed an underlying platform of glaciofluvial braided river sediment. This peat swamp was not subjected to syndepositional clastic contamination and as a result is of superior quality (lower ash/higher calorific value and volatile matter) than the overlying No. 2 coal seam. The No. 2 seam is split by a clastic parting produced by a braided fluvial channel which transected the swamp midway through peat accumulation. This fluvial clastic parting deleteriously affected coal thickness and quality.A comparison of the Gondwanan Permian peat-forming conditions with those from Carboniferous northern hemisphere counterparts suggests that the differences in coal characteristics between these two regions are probably related to different palaeoclimatic conditions and basin tectonics. Cool-temperate climatic conditions which prevailed over the Permian peat swamps resulted in less species diversification of vegetation at these high-latitude settings than the diverse floral assemblages of the Carboniferous swamps. A stable intracronic basin platform caused lateral dispersion of sedimentary facies rather than the stacking of vertical facies which occurred in rapidly subsiding depositories. Partial exposure of the Permian peat swamps during peat accumulation may account for the relatively higher inertinite content of the coals. 相似文献
18.
发育于法国Ｃｅｖｅｎｎｅｓ聚煤盆地北坳区斯蒂芬期（Ｓｔｅｐｈａｎｉａｎ）同沉积断层在空间上局部控制了碎屑体及煤层的形态、厚度,且在时间上完成了构造反转。盆缘断层控制了盆地自身的几何形态及其岩相古地理格局,它们的活动性及强度的差异致使盆地沉降或沉积中心、富煤带的侧向迁移,使盆地整体的构造格架发生了由半地堑－地堑－新形式的半地堑的转化。在不同的演化时期,盆地钎特的沉积、充填作用对构造的活动与演化给予了 相似文献
19.
Rabindra Nath Hota 《Mathematical Geosciences》2010,42(2):223-242
Total thickness of strata and coal cycle parameters of the three formations, i.e. Karharbari, Barakar, and Barren Measures
of the Damuda Group of the Talchir Gondwana basin were subjected to bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Polynomial
regression lines were fitted to data sets consisting of total thickness of strata, number of coal cycles, and average thickness
of coal cycles of the three formations of the Damuda Group. A significant direct relationship is observed between total thickness
(net subsidence) of strata and number of coal cycles, while a significant inverse relationship exists between the number of
coal cycles and their average thickness. Principal component and multiple regression analyses suggest that lithological parameters
of the coal bearing strata reflect the dynamic of the basin subsidence. The sedimentary distributive mechanism in the form
of lateral migration of streams or drainage diversion caused in response to differential subsidence of the depositional surface
seem to be appropriate mechanisms for the development of coal cycles and peat swamps in the Talchir basin. Often during Karharbari
sedimentation, peat accumulated in abandoned channels was scoured away by high energy migrating channels. On the other hand,
Barakar peat swamps developed in a distal part of the flood plain, as a result of which many of the coal seams could be of
appreciable thickness. The advent of arid climatic condition retarded the growth of vegetation to a larger extent that prevented
profuse development of coal seams during the Barren Measures Formation. 相似文献
20.
以新疆准东煤田西黑山勘查区西山窑组煤层为研究对象,采用成因参数法和煤相图解方法,同时结合沉积学方法进行煤岩、煤相分析,探讨泥炭沼泽类型及其演化规律。煤相参数研究显示,B1、B11、B21和B2煤层煤相总体为偏干燥的湿地森林和湿地森林沼泽,B12、B3和B4-5煤层总体为干燥森林沼泽;垂向上B1、B2、B3、B31和B6煤表现出显著的由湿地森林沼泽或偏干燥的湿地森林沼泽向干燥森林沼泽演化,反映覆水程度逐渐变浅,泥炭沼泽表面逐渐趋于干燥,表明成煤期泥炭堆积速率与基底的相对沉降速率持平或略高于基底沉降速率。 相似文献