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河水入渗路径和范围对确定地下水补给条件,以及水资源调控和合理利用有着重要意义。针对2015年以来怀柔地区地下水水位回升现象,开展了地下水动态影响因素研究,采集了河水和地下水样品,测试了水化学和氢氧稳定同位素组成。δD-δ18 O数据表明该区有河水入渗补给地下水,河流附近地下水为地下水与入渗河水的混合物。利用地下水δ18O值以及二元混合模型计算了地下水中入渗河水的比例,揭示出地下水中河水占比减小方向与地下水水力梯度下降方向一致;局部河段附近地下水Cl-含量增加,表明河水入渗会引起地下水水质变化。入渗河水影响范围的圈定为评价入渗河水对地下水的影响提供了重要数据。该项工作对理解研究区地下水水文过程、控制因素以及水资源管理具有指导意义。 相似文献
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南水北调水源进京后,部分水源计划将进入密怀顺水源地回补严重亏损的地下水。水源地地下水水质的未来变化引起了人们的关注。本次研究通过开展动态含水层模拟试验,分析了南水北调水源进入含水层过程中地下水水质变化,并利用溶质运移模型,在不考虑吸附、降解等水岩相互作用等条件下,模拟了试验土柱中各常规组分的水质变化。研究表明:南水北调水源进入含水层过程中,对地下水水质的稀释作用占主导地位,其它水岩相互作用对地下水水质的影响程度较小,南水北调水源在密怀顺水源地回补地下水是可行的。为此,南水北调水源回补地下水后,不仅能够涵养并增加水源地的地下水资源,而且能够改善地下水水质,保证水源地的供水安全。 相似文献
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为探讨含水层非均质性不同刻画方法对地下水流和溶质运移预测的影响,基于非均质含水层砂箱实验,分别用传统等效均质模型、克立金插值和水力层析刻画含水层渗透系数场,并探讨了先验信息对水力层析结果的影响.将不同方法估算的渗透系数场用以预测地下水流和溶质运移过程,以此判断不同方法估算结果的优劣,分析含水层非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移的影响.结果表明:与克立金插值法相比,水力层析法可以更好地刻画含水层非均质性,较准确地预测地下水流和溶质运移过程;钻孔岩心渗透系数样本值作为先验信息可以提高水力层析法估算结果的精度;传统等效均质模型无法准确预测地下水流和溶质运移过程.含水层非均质性的增强将导致溶质污染羽分布形态和运移路径的空间变异性增强,并且优势通道直接决定溶质的分布及运移路径. 相似文献
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降雨入渗补给潜水存在滞后效应.利用HYDRUS程序建立垂直一维非饱和渗流数值模型,模拟了补给过程对脉冲式地面入渗的响应.根据不同潜水面埋深补给强度的变化过程计算补给权重,获得了滞后补给权函数曲线.模拟结果表明权函数曲线具有单峰形式,随潜水面埋深增加,峰值减小,其出现的时间推迟.相对粗颗粒土壤,缅颗粒土壤产生的权函数峰值较小,出现时间更晚.前人提出的滞后补给权函数经验公式能够近似地刻画单峰曲线形态,在包气带介质颗粒较粗、潜水面埋深较小时比较适用,但是对细颗粒土壤和潜水面埋深较大的情况则存在一定的偏差.土壤类型和含水量的垂向分布,都可以通过对包气带渗透性的控制而影响滞后补给过程.可为研究地下水模型处理动态降雨入渗补给及包气带溶质淋滤过程提供参考. 相似文献
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冻土冻融对地下水的影响:以祁连山多年冻土区大通河谷融区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冻土区地下水的形成、补给、径流、排泄方式以及地球化学特征受到冻土分布及其季节性冻融过程的强烈影响。以地处祁连山多年冻土区的大通河谷融区为典型研究区,基于钻探、坑探和地球物理工作查明了区内冻土特征和分布情况;结合水文地质观测及抽水试验,分析了研究区河流融区内地下水的赋存条件,深入研究了区内冻土冻融过程影响下地下水的水文地质和水化学特征,认为冻土冻融过程决定了研究区的地质和水文地质条件,控制着地下水的补给、径流、排泄方式,特别是对地下水质有优化作用——冻土区地下水质明显优于非冻土区。冻土区地下水成因和赋存条件研究对于其开发利用有重要意义。 相似文献
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次降水入渗补给系数是地下水资源量评价的重要参数,次降水对地下水的入渗补给受气候、地形、地质等多种因素影响。以湖北宜昌香溪河流域雾龙洞地下河系统为例,进行次降水入渗补给系数获取方法的探索。在泉流量衰减规律分析基础上,探索新方法进行次降水入渗补给系数计算,分析其规律特征及影响因素,对计算结果的科学合理性进行验证。研究结果表明:雾龙洞泉流量衰减服从分段指数衰减方程;研究区次降水入渗补给系数受次降水强度及降水前下垫面条件影响。基于泉流量衰减分析计算次降水入渗补给系数方法合理可行,该方法在岩溶水资源评价中有一定的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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研究区位于潮白河冲洪积扇中上部,第四系松散孔隙含水层颗粒粗大,易接受补给,地下水固有防污性能处于差和较差,地下水水质整体良好。采用数值模拟方法,建立了三维地下水流数值模型,对孔隙度、弥散系数进行了率定,利用GMS中的MT3DMS模块建立了溶质运移模型。选取COD作为模拟指标,根据模型对水厂投产30年后两种不同情景方案下地下水水质状况进行了预测分析。结果显示,在正常工况和处理流程出现故障两种条件下,再生水厂对周围地下水环境有一定程度影响,但重点研究区内地下水模拟浓度远小于《地下水质量标准》中Ⅲ类水标准,污染物浓度虽低,影响距离却很远,因此要建立覆盖全厂区的地下水长期监控系统,避免污染事故。 相似文献
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河流对地下水的补给过程研究是科学认识水循环规律及地下水资源可持续管理的基础。河床沉积层与其下伏潜水含水层岩性差异是河流下伏含水层的主要结构特征,也是控制河流对地下水补给过程的主要因素。为揭示含水介质分层结构特征影响下河流对地下水的补给过程,基于黄河干流河南段野外试验结果,建立了地表水地下水相互作用概念模型,并以地下水流路径为对象,精细刻画了地表水地下水的相互作用过程。结果表明：(1)河流对地下水的补给量主要受河床沉积层渗透性影响,河床沉积层厚度变化对河流向地下水的补给量影响不大。即：河床低渗透性沉积物的存在是河流向地下水补给量降低的主要原因,当河床沉积层与其下伏含水层厚度比(HS/H)由0增大为0.125时,河流向地下水补给量的减小幅度达72%。(2)与均质条件相比,河床沉积层渗透性及其厚度变化均明显改变了河水向地下水补给的水流路径及径流时间。随着河床沉积物与下伏含水层渗透系数比KU/KL的增大,河水向地下水补给的水流路径穿透深度增大,径流时间延长。(3)河流对地下水的补给量及地下水径流时间对低渗透性河床沉积层渗透系数的敏感性随渗透系数的减小... 相似文献
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根据地下水地球化学特征，在福州盆地划分出４个溶质系统，ＥＮＥ断层系列浅循环溶质系统，洪积扇带溶质系统，古河道带溶质系统及ＮＮＷ断层带深循环溶质系统。文中论述了各系统的形成过程及其在开采条件下的变化。 相似文献
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地下水与河水相互作用的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
本文从地下水与河水的水流形态和水位动态变化 ,分析了二者的补排关系 ;详细介绍了地形地貌、水文地质、气候和人为因素等对地下水与河水相互作用的影响 ;综述了研究地下水与河水相互作用的研究方法 ,如野外实验和室内实验方法、动态资料分析方法、基流切割方法、水化学方法、地下水动力学方法等 ;评述了研究河流与含水层相互作用的解析模型和数值模型的发展状况。最后 ,指出多种方法的相互验证、数学模型中补排量和边界的处理、地下水与河水交错带的研究、河流与含水层相互作用的生态意义、加强相关学科的交流与合作将是未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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垃圾填埋场滤出液、入侵海水、核废物及生产生活废水等污染物随地下水的迁移威胁人类生存。地下水渗流的随机性导致溶质运移问题更加复杂。根据流网特点,利用流线与水头等势线对求解域进行离散,基于质量守恒原理建立流网单元内溶质浓度求解的隐式有限体积差分格式。基于多孔介质孔隙流速分布规律,利用蒙特卡洛法建立流管单元随机流速场进行溶质运移过程的数值模拟,最后根据数值模拟和模型试验的结果对比,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性。基于流网单元的数值模型中沿流线方向的物质交换由对流和扩散共同作用,而流管间的物质交换只有扩散作用,因此,可在不使用弥散系数下进行污染物运移的模拟。引入随机方法确定流管内流速为研究非均匀流场中染污物的优势迁移提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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地下水-地表水相互作用是水资源管理和地表水生态系统保护中重要的一个环节,氡同位素(222Rn)由于其在地下水与地表水中含量差异显著、性质保守、检测难度低,广泛运用于地下水-地表水相互作用的研究当中。本文通过总结分析222Rn在不同地表水体(海水、河水、湖水等)中的应用,指出刻画地下水氡浓度的异质性是估算地下水排泄的重点和难点。在估算海底地下水排泄(SGD)时,氡的混合损失项估算不确定、海水氡浓度时空变异性、SGD的多组分特征等可能给估算结果带来较大不确定性;在估算河流地下水排泄时难以确定氡的大气逃逸量;研究人员对氡在示踪地表水补给地下水方面的研究程度相对不足。本文从科学研究和实际生产方面,对222Rn的研究应用提出以下潜在方向:(1)降低地下水氡空间变异性对估算地下水排泄量的影响;(2)针对不同水体、不同水文条件,准确刻画氡的大气逃逸量;(3)拓展222Rn示踪能够解决的科学问题;(4)将氡质量平衡模型计算与不确定分析相结合,实现软件化。 相似文献
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Analysis of the migration paths of stream water introduced into a transverse horizontal well is important to better understand the interactions between streams and aquifers. This paper presents a method of using particle-tracking techniques to evaluate the transport of stream water that infiltrates through a transverse horizontal well that runs transverse to a stream and extends from the stream banks. By conceptualizing the horizontal well as a discrete pipe network, MODFLOW is coupled with the pipe flow equations that govern the movement of water in the horizontal well, and this coupled seepage-pipe flow model is used to calculate the transient groundwater flow field. MODPATH is then used to record the locations of each of the water particles from the interface between the stream and the aquifer. The path lines, travel times, influence zones and the production of infiltrated stream water are determined to depict the migration process. The results suggest that the infiltrated stream water that originates from different stream transects located upstream and downstream from the horizontal well has different migration characteristics, as does the infiltrated stream water coming from different locations on the same stream transect. Eventually, the pumpage of the horizontal well consists partly of the infiltrated stream water and groundwater inflow from the upstream model boundary. The groundwater enters the horizontal well through the two end segments of the horizontal well, and the infiltrated stream water enters the middle segment of the well. The pumped water is still a mixture of infiltrated stream water and groundwater, even if the pumping lasts for a long period. The hydrochemistry of the infiltrated stream water cannot be simply used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of the water pumped from a transverse horizontal well. 相似文献
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Determination of potential mine water discharge zones in crystalline rocks at Rozna,Czech Republic 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Adam Ricka Tomas Kuchovsky Ondra Sracek Josef Zeman 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(6):1201-1213
The Rozna Mine is one of the last active uranium mines in Europe. When the mine is closed and flooded, the natural groundwater
flow pattern will be partly restored. Re-established groundwater flow system will be associated with an increase of groundwater
discharge into draining rivers and streams. Since the groundwater inflows to streams can be contaminated by the mine water,
the groundwater drainage characteristic of fractured aquifer should be carefully identified. Several methods of groundwater
discharge zones identification were used including morphological analysis, thermometry, and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements.
Stream temperatures and EC at more than 700 points in the area covering about 85 km2 were measured. The measurements were performed during winter period, when stream discharges were low and there was a maximum
temperature contrast. There was a frequent presence of preferential discharge zones with resulting anomalous temperatures
and electric conductivity values of stream water. The results show evident correlation of discharge zones with surface morphology
and geological settings. Just like the aquifer discharge characteristics, the aquifer is strongly heterogeneous. The thermometry
supported by measurement of EC proved to be a useful tool for large-scale investigation of groundwater flow and drainage in
fractured aquifers. 相似文献
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Mineralogical sources of the buffer capacity in a granite catchment determined by strontium isotopes
Christina Weyer Gunnar Lischeid Luc Aquilina Anne-Catherine Pierson-Wickmann Charlotte Martin 《Applied Geochemistry》2008
The role of different minerals in base cation release and thus the increase of buffering capacity of groundwater against acid deposition is controversially discussed in the literature. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios and base cation concentration were investigated in whole rock leachates, mineral separates, precipitation, soil solution, groundwater and stream water samples in the Lehstenbach catchment (Germany) to identify the weathering sequence of the granite bedrock. Three different approaches were followed in parallel. It was assumed that the contribution of different minerals to base cation supply of the groundwater with increasing weathering intensity would be observed by investigating (1) unweathered rock leachates, deep groundwater and shallow groundwater, (2) groundwater samples from new groundwater wells, reflecting the initial weathering of the drilled bedrock, and groundwater from wells that were drilled in 1988, (3) stream water during baseflow, dominated by deep groundwater, and stream water during high flow, being predominantly shallow groundwater. Whereas the first approach yielded consistent patterns, there was some evidence that groundwater from the new wells initially reflected contamination by the filter gravel rather than cation release in an initial stage of weathering. Time series samples of stream water and groundwater solute concentrations and isotope ratios turned out to reflect varying fractions of soil water and precipitation water at baseflow and high flow conditions rather than varying contributions of different minerals that prevail at different stages of granite weathering. 相似文献
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Experiment equipments involved in the single tube fracture and double tube fracture models are designed to research the characteristics of groundwater flow and solute transport in filled fracture. During the experiment, the state of groundwater flow can be characterized as linear flow, and satisfies Darcy’s law. Therefore, based on the pipe flow of hydraulics and Darcy’s law, the flow rate and water flow velocity can be calculated. Also, dispersion parameters were calculated with the fitting of observed data and analytical solution in the single tube fracture model. Furthermore, effects of some factors on solute transport are involved in the double tube fracture model, and length of branch fracture, particles’ diameter and flow rate in water inlet have been discussed. Results show that the arrival time of concentration peak value in the single tube fracture model is faster than that in the double tube fracture model, and two concentration peak values exist in the double tube fracture model. Arrival time of concentration peak value is faster with the increase of branch fracture length. Furthermore, if the branch fracture is longer, arrival time of the first concentration peak value is faster, while arrival time of the second concentration peak value is slower, relative to short branch fracture. 相似文献