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1.
海底地下水排泄(SGD)近年来成为陆-海相互作用的研究热点,地球化学示踪方法是其主要研究手段,尝试用天然示踪剂氡-222评价厦门五缘湾的SGD。为了评价五缘湾SGD的入海通量及其变化,对五缘湾海水中222Rn和226Ra活度、大气中222Rn活度、风速、水温和水深进行了连续2 d的测量,对沉积物进行了培养实验用以获得其222Rn扩散通量和孔隙水中222Rn活度。基于海水中222Rn通量的质量平衡,对实测的海水中222Rn活度实施了母体支持、涨落潮影响、大气逃逸损失、沉积物扩散输入、混合损失的校正,保守估计SGD输入的222Rn通量在0~126.7 Bq/(m2·h)范围内变化,对海水中222Rn的平均贡献达54%。以井水和孔隙水中222Rn的加权平均值作为SGD端元的代表,获得SGD的输入速率为0~29.3 cm/d,平均输入速率9.3 cm/d。SGD输入速率的动态变化基本围绕12 h的周期波动,是对本海域正规半日潮的具体响应。假设SGD以平均速率在五缘湾海底输入,则五缘湾海底的SGD输入量为1.86×105 m3/d。以陆源地下淡水占SGD输入量的10%考虑,五缘湾的陆源地下淡水输入量约为1.86×104 m3/d。 相似文献
2.
洞庭湖区水系发达,水文地质条件复杂,人类活动强烈,地表水和地下水的水力联系变化频繁,其研究的难度以及由此造成的研究不足影响了对湖区地下水赋存和运动规律的深入认识。本文以洞庭湖整体为研究对象,采用水位动态分析和氡(222Rn)同位素示踪法,定性和定量研究枯水期洞庭湖区地表水与地下水的交互作用关系与交互通量。枯水期洞庭湖区水位和氡浓度空间分布特征指示研究区内地下水向湖水排泄,尤以东洞庭湖最为显著。氡箱模型计算结果显示枯水期地下水排泄222Rn通量为455.09 Bq/(m2·d),占总输入222Rn通量的60.07%,地下水排泄总量为0.29×108 m3/d,平均排泄速率为56.27 mm/d,地下水排泄对湖水的贡献率为7.04%。敏感性分析表明：风速、地下水和湖水222Rn浓度以及湖面面积等参数较为敏感,合理布置取样点并提高敏感参数测量准确度能提高模型计算结果的可靠度。氡同位素示踪法物理意义明确、操作过程简便,是研究复杂区域地下水补、... 相似文献
3.
格尔木河222Rn同位素变化及其对地表水-地下水交互关系的指示意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国西北内陆干旱区水资源匮乏,生态环境脆弱,在全球气候变化和人类活动干扰背景下,采用同位素方法进行精细尺度地表水-地下水交互作用研究是探求当地水循环变化和水资源管理的基本要求。通过测量格尔木河流域河水、地下水样品2019年5月和8月的222Rn浓度和典型断面流量,结果发现：山区河段河水222Rn浓度最高,平均值为948.72 Bq·m-3,指示基岩裂隙水是山区河段重要补给来源;山前冲洪积扇河水222Rn浓度最低,平均值为76.71 Bq·m-3,地下水补给较少;溢出带地区河水222Rn浓度上升至平均676 Bq·m-3,地下水溢出补给河水,向下至细土平原,河水222Rn浓度呈下降趋势。时间变化上,8月与5月相比,河水222Rn浓度下降,表明地下水补给减少。溢出带S1~S2河段河水与地下水交互关系以双向转化为主,基于质量守恒原理计算河水与地下水交互通量,5月和8月累积河水渗漏通量分别为3.87 m3?s-1和0.9 m3?s-1,地下水补给通量分别为0.51 m3?s-1和0.47 m3?s-1,河水渗漏强度大于地下水补给,二者交互通量存在时空差异。 相似文献
4.
基于~(222)Rn质量平衡模型的胶州湾海底地下水排泄 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底地下水排泄(SGD)作为全球水循环的一个组成部分,近年来成为陆海相互作用的研究热点。地球化学示踪法是研究海底地下水排泄的主要手段。本文以环境同位素222Rn作为示踪剂,通过构建222Rn质量平衡模型来评价胶州湾的海底地下水排泄,并进一步估算地下水输入的营养盐。222Rn质量平衡模型的源项考虑了河流的输入、沉积物的扩散、母体226Ra的支持,汇项考虑了222Rn的自身衰变、222Rn散逸到大气的损失以及与湾外海水的混合损失,源汇项的差值则作为地下水输入的222Rn通量。结果表明,2011年9—10月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为24.2 L?m–2?d–1,2012年4—5月胶州湾海底地下水排泄通量为7.8 L?m–2?d–1。丰水季节地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐低于河流输入的,但是枯水季节地下水输入的营养盐接近河流输入的,特别是输入的活性磷酸盐和硅酸盐很接近。 相似文献
5.
用镭同位素评价海水滞留时间及海底地下水排泄 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海底地下水排泄(submarine groundwater discharge, SGD)难以直接测量, 镭同位素和氡-222等天然示踪剂使得间接评价SGD通量成为可能.为了评价五缘湾的水体滞留时间和SGD通量, 实测了湾内海水、湾外海水和地下水中224Ra和226Ra的活度, 利用224Ra和226Ra半衰期的差异, 采用224Ra与226Ra的活度比值计算湾内水团的年龄和平均滞留时间, 利用224Ra和226Ra的质量平衡模型计算SGD通量.五缘湾13个站位的水团年龄在0.6~2.4 d之间, 湾顶水团年龄相对较大, 平均海水滞留时间1.4 d.地下水输入五缘湾的224Ra和226Ra通量分别为5.17×106 Bq/d和5.28×106 Bq/d, 将该通量用地下水端元的活度转换成为SGD通量分别是0.21 m3/m2/d(224Ra平衡模型)和0.23 m3/m2/d(226Ra平衡模型), 两种模型的结果较接近, 其平均值0.22 m3/m2/d可作为五缘湾的海底地下水排泄通量. 相似文献
6.
查明青海湖布哈河流域地下水 地表水相互作用对指导青海湖国家公园生态建设和生态保护具有重要意义。本文通过水化学、稳定同位素(δD和δ18O)和放射性氡同位素(222 Rn)研究了青海湖布哈河流域地下水 地表水相互作用。结果显示,布哈河流域河水和地下水水化学主要受水岩作用影响,而孔隙水和湖水主要受蒸发结晶影响。氢氧同位素具有空间变异性。地下水与河水222 Rn活度中游高而上下游低;孔隙水中222Rn活度值在横向上随着离岸距离的增加而降低,纵向上随着深度增加而表现出降低的趋势。地表水体的222 Rn活度时间分布特征表现出明显的日间高、夜间低的昼夜循环特征。表明枯水期河水主要由地下水进行补给,中上游地区和下游地区地下水补给量占比分别为96%和87%,但是降水发生时地下水 地表水相互作用发生了转换,降水前主要是地下水补给地表水,降水后则是地表水补给地下水,占比达98%。本研究为进一步开展咸水湖及世界其他地区的类似研究提供了有益借鉴和参考。 相似文献
7.
中国北方基岩海岛水文地质条件独特,气候变化和人类活动不同程度地影响着海岛地下水与海水相互作用过程,然而对包括海水入侵(SWI)和海底地下水排泄(SGD)的水文过程的定量认识比较缺乏。本研究基于2012—2016年我国北方某基岩群岛降水、地下水水位、水质动态监测数据,运用数理统计、空间插值和水力学方法,分析了基岩海岛地下水与海水相互作用的特征和影响因素。结果表明,降水和开采是影响地下水、海水相互作用的主要因素,地下水水位变化滞后于降水事件约10 d;南岛东北岸、南岸的大部分地区没有发生海水入侵,地下水向海排泄过程较稳定,2012—2016年SGD速率均值为0.2 m/d,向海NO3-N通量均值为81.8 mmol/(m2·d);北岛东南地区是海水入侵的严重区域,地下水水位长期低于海平面且逐年下降,2012—2016年SWI速率均值为0.3 m/d,向陆NO3-N通量均值为69.6 mmol/(m2·d)。分别计算南、北两岛枯水季(2014年4月)、丰水季(2013年9月)SGD水... 相似文献
8.
海底地下水排泄（SGD）是全球水循环的一个组成部分,其输送的溶解物质不仅参与海洋的生物地球化学循环,而且影响近岸海域的生态环境。为了评估胶州湾海底地下水排泄状况,通过建立胶州湾内海水中226Ra的质量平衡模型来计算海底地下水排泄通量。胶州湾海水中226Ra的源主要有河流的输入、沉积物扩散输入和地下水的输入,海水系统在稳定状态下,这几种源应该与湾内海水和湾外海水的混合损失达到平衡。除了将地下水输入作为未知项外,对其他源和汇逐个进行量化,计算得知：2011年9-10月胶州湾的海底地下水排泄通量为7.85×106 m3·d-1;2012年4-5月胶州湾的海底地下水排泄通量为4.72×106 m3·d-1。在此基础上,对地下水输入胶州湾的营养盐进行了评价。 相似文献
9.
在沿海地区,以223Ra和224Ra为示踪剂建立的镭质量平衡模型已广泛应用于海底地下水排泄量(SGD)的研究中,然而目前国内外关于在人类活动复杂影响较大情况下的SGD研究却极为少见。本文对比研究了在有防渗墙(A区)和填海造陆(B区)两种不同人为因素影响下的龙口海岸带水体表现年龄、海底地下水排泄量及其携带的氮磷营养盐通量。结果表明,A区平均水体表现年龄为14.26 d,B区平均水体表现年龄为10.64 d。此外,B区沿岸地下水以及近岸海水中的Ra活度均普遍高于A区,而盐度低于A区。在SGD方面,A区的SGD速率为1.26~1.60 cm·d-1,B区为1.43~1.82 cm·d-1,考虑SGD在评估方法上存在一定的误差,因此两个区域的SGD速率相差不大。但与我国其他自然海域相比,这两个区域的SGD速率均处于较低水平。此外,B区的氮磷营养盐浓度普遍高于A区,而且由SGD驱动的氮磷营养盐通量不同,地下水输入的不平衡的营养盐极易改变龙口海域的营养盐结构,对海洋生态环境产生不利影响,这也进一步证实SGD在沿海生态环境以及水体污染治理中的重要地位。 相似文献
10.
地表水与地下水相互作用的温度示踪与模拟研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刻画地表水与地下水的相互作用过程及精确计算二者的交换量始终是个挑战,而新兴的温度示踪方法对于这方面的研究具有独特优势。重点介绍了地表水与地下水相互作用的温度示踪方法原理、应用及相关模拟的研究进展。温度示踪方法的数据获取成本低且温度适宜密集与连续监测,可对地表水与地下水相互作用过程进行精细刻画;在进行地表水与地下水相互作用的水-热耦合模拟时,温度数据可用于进一步校正模型,降低模型的不确定性,以提高交换量的计算精度。监测河水温度和河床沉积物内的水温,运用温度示踪方法研究河水与地下水的相互作用过程,并将水流及热运移数值模型相耦合,利用多源数据进行模型校正,可精细刻画地表水与地下水的交换量、相互作用带内的水流途径、流速及其变化趋势和控制因素,为地表水与地下水相互作用研究提供新的模型与方法。 相似文献
11.
Karen L. Knee Elizabeth D. Crook James L. Hench James J. Leichter Adina Paytan 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(6):1651-1668
Previous work has documented large fluxes of freshwater and nutrients from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into the coastal waters of a few volcanic oceanic islands. However, on the majority of such islands, including Moorea (French Polynesia), SGD has not been studied. In this study, we used radium (Ra) isotopes and salinity to investigate SGD and associated nutrient inputs at five coastal sites and Paopao Bay on the north shore of Moorea. Ra activities were highest in coastal groundwater, intermediate in coastal ocean surface water, and lowest in offshore surface water, indicating that high-Ra groundwater was discharging into the coastal ocean. On average, groundwater nitrate and nitrite (N + N), phosphate, ammonium, and silica concentrations were 12, 21, 29, and 33 times greater, respectively, than those in coastal ocean surface water, suggesting that groundwater discharge could be an important source of nutrients to the coastal ocean. Ra and salinity mass balances indicated that most or all SGD at these sites was saline and likely originated from a deeper, unsampled layer of Ra-enriched recirculated seawater. This high-salinity SGD may be less affected by terrestrial nutrient sources, such as fertilizer, sewage, and animal waste, compared to meteoric groundwater; however, nutrient-salinity trends indicate it may still have much higher concentrations of nitrate and phosphate than coastal receiving waters. Coastal ocean nutrient concentrations were virtually identical to those measured offshore, suggesting that nutrient subsidies from SGD are efficiently utilized. 相似文献
12.
为提高地下水与地表水交换量计算结果的准确性,本文利用水力联系、水头差、水温、氡-222、氢氧稳定同位素构建综合识别方法（HHTRO）,对新汴河宿州段地下水与地表水水量交换进行识别,并计算交换量。计算结果表明:研究河段单位河长地表水补给地下水的水量变化范围为8.69~366.82 m3/（d·m）,地下水补给地表水的水量变化范围为0.72~120.90 m3/（d·m）;研究河段左岸为地下水补给地表水,单位河长净补给量为45.26 m3/（d·m）;河段右岸为地表水补给地下水,单位河长净补给量为214.33 m3/（d·m）;研究河段地下水与地表水水量交换以地表水补给地下水为主,地表水补给地下水的比例为55.14%。本研究可推动地下水与地表水交换量计算方法的发展,为流域或区域水资源评价提供必要的理论方法。 相似文献
13.
Coal seam gas (CSG, or coal bed methane) mining is rapidly growing, with poorly understood impacts on groundwater and surface water systems. Here, we use chemical tracers to investigate groundwater-surface water connectivity in an Australian river system (Richmond River Catchment, New South Wales) prior to CSG extraction but after ∼ 50 exploratory CSG wells were drilled. We performed four surveys of 29 interconnected creek and river sites, over contrasting hydrological conditions. Radon was used to determine if a surface water segment was gaining groundwater. Radon observations over four seasons revealed that 28 out of 77 surface water segments were clearly gaining groundwater, 5 were possibly gaining groundwater and 44 were undetermined. This is equivalent to gaining segments in 333 km (39%) of surface water from the 864 km being investigated. High spatial and temporal variability in groundwater gaining segments was found. Na/Cl ratios were used to determine the fraction of groundwater in surface water. Overall, the groundwater contribution in surface waters was 14–24% higher in post flood conditions than during the other three surveys of baseflow and moderate flow conditions. The results serve as a regional baseline assessment of river water chemistry and groundwater-surface water connectivity prior to the planned development of CSG fields. Our geochemical tracer approach allows for a quick qualitative assessment of groundwater-surface water connectivity in poorly gauged river systems and can define priority locations where groundwater extraction for CSG mining should be carefully managed. 相似文献
14.
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has become increasingly recognized as an important source of freshwater and nutrients to coastal waters worldwide. Although groundwater nutrients have been found to cause algal blooms in many temperate coastal waters, little is known about the biological response to these nutrients in the tropics. On the leeward coast of Hawaii Island, SGD is the dominant freshwater and nutrient source to coastal waters. Kiholo Bay, HI and Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, HI are two nearshore regions with well-documented SGD with high nutrient concentrations; however, little is known about how biological processes within the surface waters respond to these inputs. This study examined how potential gross primary production (pGPP), respiration (RESP), and potential metabolism (pMET) within surface waters differed inside and outside of groundwater plumes at these two sites and between wet and dry seasons. pGPP and RESP were both significantly higher within groundwater plumes, suggesting that SGD stimulated these biological processes; however, RESP responded to a much greater extent than pGPP, resulting in heterotrophic surface waters. RESP also varied seasonally, with greater rates during the dry season compared to the wet one; pGPP did not vary seasonally. Autotrophic conditions were found within groundwater plumes at Kiholo Bay, while heterotrophic conditions were found within them at Kaloko-Honokohau and were greater during the dry season. Overall, our results show that coastal biological processes respond to SGD and that their responses vary over short spatial and temporal scales. 相似文献
15.
Much work in recent years has reported on the role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on coastal biogeochemistry, but most of those studies have focused on temperate or tropical climates where year-round rainfall recharges surficial aquifers. The aim of this work, however, was to examine SGD behaviors in an arid setting??Marina Lagoon on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. SGD was estimated via radon surveys and time-series measurements in lagoon waters during two campaigns (wet season in March 2009 and dry season in July 2010). Relatively higher values of radon were detected in March (maximum >30?dpm/L) compared to July (up to 16?dpm/L), which would indicate either enhanced input rates, or lower mixing/atmospheric losses during the wet season. Lower salinity waters within Marina Lagoon were characterized by higher radon and higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and silica (DISi), characteristic of groundwater inputs. Based on lagoon and groundwater radon measurements and an advection-diffusion model, SGD average rates between 0.83 to 2.4?×?108?L/day were estimated for both surveys. Since no seasonal pattern was detected, we suspect that either (1) SGD is derived from a regional aquifer not influenced by recharge from local rainfall or (2) local water use for irrigation and domestic purposes artificially recharges the surficial aquifer in the dry summer (tourist) months, which compensates for the lack of rainfall occurring at that time. 相似文献