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1.
建立了Cu2+和阿特拉津(AT)复合污染体系中沉积物各活性组分及其交互作用对AT吸附量影响的BP神经网络模型,模型预测值和实验值的相关系数达到0.97,各集合的平均偏差均小于10%。模型显示,AT在沉积物上的主要吸附位是铁氧化物。沉积物吸附AT时铁氧化物、锰氧化物、有机质之间存在显著的交互作用,铁氧化物、锰氧化物交互作用贡献率为-130%～80%,铁氧化物、有机质交互作用贡献率为5%～28%,锰氧化物、有机质交互作用贡献率为-200%～-70%。各活性组分吸附AT的能力及其交互作用受Cu2+的影响较大,其中:Cu2+对AT在铁氧化物上的吸附表现为拮抗作用,对AT在锰氧化物上的吸附表现为协同作用,而对AT在有机质上的吸附影响不显著,同时Cu2+减弱了铁氧化物-锰氧化物和锰氧化物-有机质的交互作用影响,增强了铁氧化物-有机质的交互作用影响。  相似文献   

2.
聚合羟基铁铝蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附行为及其动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在一定条件下利用钠基化蒙脱石合成了聚合羟基铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyA1-Mt)、2个不同铁含量的聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体(HyFe-Mt)和3个不同Fe:Al摩尔比的聚合羟基铁铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyFeAl-Mt),研究了酸性和弱酸性条件下(pH=3.0～6.5)以上蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附行为和动力学特征。结果表明,HyFeAl-Mt对磷的吸附容量大于HyA1-Mt和HyFe-Mt复合体,且随着Fe:Al摩尔比的增大,对磷的吸附容量依次增加。随pH升高,蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附量容量变小。但随Fe:Al摩尔比增大,HyFeAl-Mt复合体零电荷点(pHZPC)升高,pH对磷的吸附的影响越来越小,HyFe-Mt对磷的吸附几乎不受pH的影响。随Fe:A1摩尔比的增大,HyFeAl-Mt对磷的吸附能力增强,铁含量是磷吸附量的重要控制因素。磷在各蒙脱石复合体上的吸附实验数据可很好地用Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合。磷在各蒙脱石复合体上的吸附动力学过程可分为快速和慢速两个过程,快速过程中的动力学受铁含量影响明显。动力学数据可同时用准二级动力学方程和Elovich方程拟合。  相似文献   

3.
铁铝复合氧化物对土壤Mn、Pb和Cd有效性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用氧化物对土壤重金属的吸附特性,研究了添加铁铝复合氧化物对土壤Mn、Pb和Cd有效性的影响。结果表明,在土壤中添加氧化物后,土壤中3种重金属的交换态含量明显降低。14天时间,添加铁铝氧化物后,土壤中交换态Mn、Pb和Cd的含量分别降低了64.8%、52.9%和89.51%,可见铁铝氧化物明显降低了土壤中Mn、Pb和Cd的有效性。通过方程拟合,建立了氧化物对土壤中交换态Mn、Pb和Cd的吸附模型,其中以Elovich方程和权函数方程拟合度较好,其次是抛物线扩散方程。  相似文献   

4.
沉积物对砷的吸附-解吸作用是控制砷在地下水中的迁移和转化的决定性因素。对砷中毒重病区大同盆地山胡县沉积物中砷的吸附行为和影响因素研究结果表明,沉积物对砷的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温模式,吸附量主要与沉积物颗粒大小、黏土矿物质量分数和类型、铁铝氧化物质量分数以及沉积物中As的质量分数有关,有机质质量分数对砷的吸附量影响需进一步深入研究。铝硅酸盐、铁铝氧化物质量分数较高且颗粒较细的黏土和亚黏土类沉积物对砷的吸附性较强;而铝硅酸盐、铁铝氧化物质量分数较低且颗粒较粗的细砂和粉砂类沉积物对砷的吸附性较差,其所处的含水层也是形成高砷地下水的主要含水层。pH值为5．5～8．0时,砷的吸附量最大。大同盆地高砷地下水pH条件非常不利于沉积物中砷的吸附,易形成高砷地下水。该区地下水10℃左右的温度条件非常有利于沉积物对砷的吸附,但由于影响因素较多,且地下水的温度在不同季节会发生一定的变化,其产生的影响还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

5.
采用选择性萃取分离技术对沉积物(生物膜)中非残渣态组分(铁、锰氧化物和有机质)进行分离,研究阿特拉津(atrazine,AT)-Cd-Cu系中共存重金属对选择性萃取前后沉积物(生物膜)吸附AT的影响.研究结果表明:共存体系中,沉积物(生物膜)中铁氧化物对AT的吸附贡献最大,其次是有机质,而锰氧化物则抑制AT的吸附;共存镉促进了AT在沉积物(生物膜)原样及各非残渣态组分上的吸附,镉质量浓度为0.2 mg/L时,促进作用最显著,各组分对阿特拉津的吸附贡献增加了3.20%～32.31%(沉积物)和1.61%～17.10%(生物膜),但随镉质量浓度的增加,其促进作用减弱;共存铜抑制沉积物(生物膜)原样及铁氧化物、有机质对AT的吸附,铜质量浓度为75.0 mg/L时,其抑制作用最强,铁氧化物和有机质对阿特拉津的吸附贡献分别降低了29.21%、22.36%(沉积物)和9.46%、77.27%(生物膜),但同时减弱了锰氧化物对AT吸附的抑制作用,其吸附贡献分别提高了28.98%(沉积物)和17.46%(生物膜).  相似文献   

6.
锑(Sb)是一种对人体有毒的重金属元素。近年来由于矿业开采、冶炼与广泛的使用，其污染已经成为了全球性的环境问题。锑的毒性和迁移强烈依赖于它的化学形态和环境氧化还原条件。锑极易被沉积物、土壤中的铁、锰、铝(氢)氧化物和黏土矿物吸附。本文基于前人和作者的已有工作，对铁锰铝(氢)氧化物和黏土矿物吸附锑的热力学、动力学及吸附机制进行了详细综述，对温度、pH、离子强度、共存离子等因素对锑吸附的影响进行了讨论，指出铁(氢)氧化物吸附Sb(III)过程存在的氧化是由氧气导致，而锰(氢)氧化物吸附过程的Sb(III)氧化是由吸附剂中的Mn(IV)离子引起；铝氧化物、黏土矿物对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附较弱；(氢)氧化物对Sb(III)和Sb(V)的吸附分为内层或外层吸附，但结合方式有差异。本文可为铁锰铝复合吸附剂以及吸附过程中Sb同位素的研究提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

7.
用铁/铝盐水解法制备了凹凸棒石/铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅠ)、凹凸棒石/铁氢氧化物(PNCMⅡ)和凹凸棒石/铁铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅢ)3种凹凸棒石纳米复合材料。对比了这3种纳米复合材料对水中磷的吸附净化能力,并利用吸附动力学实验探讨了3种材料对磷的吸附机理。结果发现:负载了铝/铁氢氧化物后凹凸棒石的晶体结构没有改变;温度对于3种吸附剂吸附磷的动力学参数影响不显著;3种吸附剂对磷的实际吸附量、理论吸附量和初始吸附速率均随着磷的初始浓度增大而增大。PNCMⅠ对磷的理论吸附量为18.18 mg/g,较其他2种吸附剂大。当磷的初始浓度从5 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,PNCM I对磷的初始吸附速率从0.125 mg/(g·min)增加到1.425 mg/(g·min)。3种凹凸棒石黏土纳米复合材料对磷的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,表明其吸附均为化学吸附。  相似文献   

8.
随着铁碳(Fe-C)共沉机理被越来越多的学者认可,Fe-C共沉物成为近年环境科学领域内的研究热点之一。在探讨铁氧化物和有机质的相互作用及Fe-C共沉物对重金属的吸附研究进展基础上,阐述了共沉物在固定土壤重金属离子方面的潜力:在有机质参与作用下,铁氧化物的表面性质、吸附性能等均发生了规律性变化,这些变化是决定土壤环境中重金属离子迁移转化的前提。在影响因素方面,p H值、有机质含量、铁氧化物种类及表面性质对共沉物的吸附效果影响较为显著。通过研究可以看出,一定条件下Fe-C共沉物所拥有的优良吸附性能将为土壤重金属污染场地修复治理工作提供重要理论基础。  相似文献   

9.
水库现代沉积过程沉积磷的早期成岩作用模型研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在沉积磷形态分析、孔隙水化学、核素计年以及吸附解吸实验等的基础上,运用一维“反应-平流-扩散”模型,研究了红枫湖现代沉积过程中磷的沉积改造。结果表明:红枫湖现代沉积过程中,有机态磷的矿化分解和铁结合态磷的络合/溶解,是控制沉积物磷迁移转化动力学的主要机制。沉积物-水界面附近有机磷的快速降解,可能克服沉积界面上铁氧化物对溶解磷的吸附缓冲,而形成向水体的磷酸盐迁移通量;自生磷灰石的沉积改造相对不明显,沉积磷向稳定形态含磷矿物(钙氟磷灰石)的转化过程同样不能影响红枫湖现代沉积过程中磷转化的质量平衡。  相似文献   

10.
岩溶区典型土壤对Cd2+的吸附特性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
文章采用有序批试验,就岩溶区两种典型石灰土（棕色、黑色石灰土）对Cd2+的吸附行为进行研究。试验结果表明:石灰土对重金属Cd2+具有较强的吸附能力（平均吸附率范围89.84~98.84）,黑色石灰土的吸附能力高于棕色石灰土,吸附量随平衡浓度的增加而增大;Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能很好地描述两种石灰土对Cd2+的等温吸附过程,Freundlich方程拟合最优;两种石灰土吸附镉的动力学特征相似,吸附过程可分为快速反应、慢速反应和吸附平衡3个阶段,棕色石灰土对Cd2+吸附动力学的最优模型为Elovich方程和双常数方程（R>0.9）,黑色石灰土仅在Cd2+初始浓度为100 mg/L条件下,Elovich方程、双常数方程和W-M方程的模拟达到较显著水平（R>0.8）;有机质、碳酸钙含量及CEC值是影响石灰土对Cd2+吸附能力的主控因素,铁、铝、硅氧化物含量对Cd2+吸附影响不大;综合热力学、动力学及影响因素分析认为石灰土对Cd2+吸附机理包括土壤颗粒表面官能团的专性吸附及不均匀粒内扩散、静电作用等非专性吸附过程。   相似文献   

11.
沉水植物黑藻对上覆水中各形态磷浓度的影响   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  
室内模拟研究了沉水植物黑藻对上覆水中不同形态磷浓度的影响及其季节性变化,并从沉水植物生长、间隙水和碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)三方面进行了讨论,进一步揭示磷在浅水湖泊水-沉积物界面的交换机理。结果表明,在本研究条件下,上覆水中各形态磷以溶解性总磷(DTP)为主,其他形态磷浓度变异较大,黑藻降低了上覆水中总磷(TP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)和DTP浓度,也降低了DTP和SRP占总磷的比例,从而使颗粒态总磷(PP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)占总磷比例升高。黑藻主要通过吸收上覆水中的磷和抑止沉积物、上覆水中APA使上覆水中各形态磷浓度保持较低水平,其中对SRP和DTP浓度的影响更明显。上覆水中各形态磷浓度呈现明显的季节性变化。在7～8月,TP、SRP和DTP浓度呈下降趋势,并在8月达到最低值;9～10月间有所升高,但仍然维持在较低水平,不同采样时间存在波动。  相似文献   

12.
Anions of polycarboxylic low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOA) compete with phosphate for sorption sites of hydrous Fe and Al oxides. To test whether the sorption of LMWOA anions decreases the accessibility of micropores (<2 nm) of goethite (α-FeOOH) for phosphate, we studied the kinetics of citrate-induced changes in microporosity and the phosphate sorption kinetics of synthetic goethite in the presence and absence of citrate in batch systems for 3 weeks (500 μM of each ion, pH 5). We also used C-coated goethite obtained after sorption of dissolved organic matter in order to simulate organic coatings in the soil. We analyzed our samples with N2 adsorption and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Citrate clogged the micropores of both adsorbents by up to 13% within 1 h of contact. The micropore volume decreased with increasing concentration and residence time of citrate. In the absence of citrate, phosphate diffused into micropores of the pure and C-coated goethite. The C coating (5.6 μmol C m−2) did not impair the intraparticle diffusion of phosphate. In the presence of citrate, the diffusion of phosphate into the micropores of both adsorbents was strongly impaired. We attribute this to the micropore clogging and the ligand-induced dissolution of goethite by citrate. While the diffusion limitation of phosphate by citrate was stronger when citrate was added before phosphate to pure goethite, the order of addition of both ions to C-coated goethite had only a minor effect on the intraparticle diffusion of phosphate. Micropore clogging and dissolution of microporous hydrous Fe and Al oxides may be regarded as potential strategies of plants to cope with phosphate deficiency in addition to ligand-exchange.  相似文献   

13.
Ammonium release from sediments has significant effects on the water quality in eutrophic lakes. In this study, the ammonium release kinetics and adsorption–desorption processes were investigated in 13 sediments of 6 shallow lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region, China. The results show that First Order Model best described the ammonium release process, the maximal release capacity had a strong correlation with organic matter (OM), cationic exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). But it only had a weak correlation with Fe, Ca and Al. The ammonium release capacity in more polluted sediments was higher than that in less polluted sediments. The average release rate within 0–5 min was the highest among the experimental period, the amount released within 0–5 min accounted for approximately 50–70% of the total release capacity. The ammonium release rate had a significant and positive correlation with OM. But it did not have a strong correlation with TN, TP, Fe, Ca and Al. The ammonium potential release capacity (obtained when the water/sediment ratio was about 2,500) had strong and positive relation with OM and maximal release capacity, and it may provide useful information for the sediment release risk assessment. Henry Model best described the ammonium sorption isotherms, and ammonium adsorption–desorption equilibrium concentration can be considered as the ammonium release threshold to assess the release risk in the sediments.  相似文献   

14.
Investigations on how desiccation changes sorption of organic compounds by salt marsh sediments provide insight into the physical and chemical properties of these wide-spread coastal sediments. We measured sorption of compounds with different polarities (lysine, tyrosine, naphthalene and aniline) onto natural sediments and sediments that were dried and rewetted. Sorption of lysine by marsh sediment decreased significantly when the sediment was dried using a freeze-drier, oven, or desiccator, and sorption capacity was not restored when sediments were rewetted. In contrast to lysine, the sorption capacity of more hydrophobic compounds (tyrosine, aniline and naphthalene) increased significantly after salt marsh sediment was dried. These results suggest that drying greatly increased sediment hydrophobicity. Consistently, water drop penetration time, an index of hydrophobicity, was significantly lower for combusted sediments than for those that were simply dried. Sediments treated with EDTA, or boiled in seawater, exhibited a similar or even greater reduction in lysine sorption capacity compared with sediments that were dried. Water retention capacity of salt marsh sediment decreased 50% after sediment was dried. The effects of pH and salinity on lysine sorption in wet and dry sediments suggest that carboxyl groups play a major role in lysine sorption through cation ion exchange, and drying may reduce access to carboxyl groups. We hypothesize that the three-dimensional (3D) structure of organic matter, originating mainly from Spartina alterniflora, is an important factor controlling sorption capacity in salt marsh sediment. The drying process makes sedimentary organic matter change conformation, shrink in volume, and expose hydrophobic groups, thus becoming more hydrophobic. In environments with wet and dry cycles, the distribution of hydrophobic or hydrophilic compounds between solution and particulate phases could thus be influenced by the 3D structure and polarity of organic matter.  相似文献   

15.
Previous studies have shown that saltmarsh macrophytes have a significant influence on sediment biogeochemistry, both through radial release of oxygen from roots and also via primary production and release of labile organic exudates from roots. To assess the seasonal influence of the needle rush, Juncus roemarianus, on saltmarsh sediment geochemistry, pore waters and sediments were collected from the upper 50 cm of two adjacent sites, one unvegetated and the other vegetated by Juncus roemarianus, in a Georgia saltmarsh during winter and summer. Pore waters collected at 1- to 2-cm intervals were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, dissolved phosphate, ammonium, Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), sulfide, sulfate, and organic carbon. Sediments were collected at 5-cm intervals and analyzed for iron distribution in the solid phase using a two-step sequential extraction. The upper 50 cm of the sediment pore waters are mostly sulfidic during both winter and summer. The pore water and sediment geochemistry suggest organic matter degradation is coupled mostly to Fe(III) and sulfate reduction. In summer, there is greater accumulation of alkalinity, sulfide, ammonium, and phosphate in the pore waters and lower levels of ascorbate extractable Fe, which is presumed to be comprised primarily of readily reducible Fe(III) oxides, in the sediments, consistent with higher organic matter degradation rates in summer compared to winter. Lower pH, alkalinity, ammonium, and sulfide concentrations in sediments with Juncus, compared to nearby unvegetated sediments, is consistent with release of oxygen into the Juncus rhizosphere, especially during summer.  相似文献   

16.
The total concentration of I is commonly higher in surface terrigenous sediments relative to more deeply buried material. Diagenetic release, loss of dissolved I during burial, and back-reaction of I with the solid phase under oxidizing conditions contribute to I enrichment near the sediment/water interface. In order to differentiate between scavenging of dissolved I by organic matter or metal oxides, the diagenetic behavior of I was examined in the Fe-poor carbonate sediments of Florida Bay, Florida. In this environment I is released by organic decomposition at I/C ratios similar to terrigenous environments (~0.5 mmole/mole), transported to the oxygenated sediment/water interface, and lost to the overlying water. The dissolved I flux from these deposits is roughly equivalent to the production rate within the deposit (~10 μmole/m2/day at 28°C). No significant enrichment is observed in the solid phase.Dissolved iodine transport within the sediment column may also be controlled by non-steady-state lateral diffusion into burrows. These observations, together with laboratory experiments which demonstrate IO?3 scavenging by Fe-oxyhydroxides at pH ≤ 8, imply that enrichment of I in terrigenous surface sediments results predominantly from the initial oxidation of I? to IO?3 by microorganisms, followed by sorption on Fe oxides. Upon burial and reduction during anaerobic decomposition, this metal-associated I is released to solution, in a manner similar to phosphate.  相似文献   

17.
Fluvial sediments are subject to cyclic submersion during changes in stream flow, which can affect their phosphorus (P) sorptive capacity. As fluvial sediments play a major role in determining P concentrations in stream flow, we compared the P chemistry of exposed stream bank and submerged bed sediments from an agricultural catchment in central Pennsylvania, USA. Total P concentration was greater in bank (417 mg kg-1) than bed sediments (281 mg kg-1), but because bed sediments contained more sand-sized material, they could release more P and support a higher solution P concentration (0.043 mg l-1) than bank sediments (0.020 mg l-1). Phosphorus release was a function of Mehlich-3 soluble Fe in stream sediments (r > 0.65), reflecting redox processes in the fluvial system. In contrast, P sorption maxima of bank and bed sediments were related to Mehlich-3 soluble Al (r > 0.78) and organic matter concentration (r > 0.79). Overall, our research suggested that erosion of bank sediments should contribute less P and may be a sink for P in the stream system compared with resuspension of bed sediment. However, bank sediments may have the potential to be a large source of P in downstream reservoirs or lakes, where increased microbial activity and reducing conditions may solubilise sediment-bound P.  相似文献   

18.
The concentrations of authigenic phases of Cd, Re, U, and Mo increase with depth in four 45-cm-long sediment box cores collected along the axis of the Laurentian Trough, Gulf of St. Lawrence. Average authigenic accumulation rates, estimated from element inventories, are similar to rates in other continental margin environments. Strong regional variations in sediment accumulation rate and sulfide concentration have little influence on the accumulation rates of Cd and Re. This suggests that slow precipitation kinetics controls the accumulation of Cd and Re in these sediments. The accumulation rate of authigenic U is more variable; it may be tied to the kinetics of microbially mediated U reduction and be controlled by the availability of reactive organic matter. Authigenic Mo is distinguished by a sharp subsurface concentration minimum, above which Mo cycles with manganese. Mo released to pore water upon reduction of Mn oxides diffuses downward and enriches the subsurface sediment. Mo accumulates most rapidly in the sediment with the highest sulfide content. Slow conversion of molybdate to thiomolybdate may explain the much slower Mo accumulation rate in the less sulfidic sediments. A component of authigenic Mo accumulates with pyrite in an approximately constant Mo:Fe ratio. The accumulation rate of pyrite and associated Mo is insensitive to AVS abundance. Pyrite formation may be limited by the reactivity of iron oxide minerals.  相似文献   

19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(4):387-398
Chemical characteristics of grain coatings in a Coastal Plain sandy aquifer on the Eastern Shore of Virginia were investigated where sediments have been exposed to distinct groundwater redox conditions. Dissolved O2 was 5.0 to 10.6 mg L−1 in the regionally extensive aerobic groundwater, whereas in a narrow leachate plume it was only <0.001 to 0.9 mg L−1. The amount of dissolved Fe in the aerobic groundwater was only 0.005 to 0.01 mg L−1, but it was 12 to 47 mg L−1 in the anaerobic zone. The amount of extractable Fe was an order of magnitude higher for the aerobic sediments than for the anaerobic sediments indicating that reductive dissolution removed the oxide coatings. The capacity for anion sorption on the sediment surfaces, as indicated by the sorption of 35SO42-, was an order of magnitude higher in the aerobic vs. anaerobic sediments. The presence of anaerobic groundwater did not significantly alter the amount of extractable Al oxides on the surface of the sediments, and those coatings helped to maintain a high surface area. The removal of the Fe oxides from the grain surfaces under anaerobic conditions was solely responsible for the significant reduction of SO4 sorption observed. This loss of capacity for anion sorption could lead to more extensive transport of negatively charged constituents such as some contaminant chemicals or bacteria that may be of concern in groundwater.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of organic matter on the sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on lake sediments is critical to understanding the fate and transport of contaminants at the sediment–water interface in lake ecosystems. Results indicate that DOM sorption on sediment is largely due to ligand exchange between the DOM and hydroxyl groups, and the amount of DOC sorbed is a linear function of added DOC. With increasing organic matter content the sediment has lower binding strength, higher releasing ability for DOM, and the higher amount of DOM sorbed by sediment naturally. There was no clear difference before and after the sediment was treated with H2O2, but the constant b implied that after the sediments were treated DOC release was promoted. Organic matter in the sediment tends to impede the sorption of DOC and results in a remarkable decrease in DOC sorption rates.  相似文献   

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