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1.
本文在分析荥巩矿区水文地质条件的基础上,重点对岩溶地下水系统的水化学特征进行分析。结果表明:岩溶水水化学类型自补给区到排泄区,从单一的HCO3型向复杂的HCO3.SO4型和SO4.HCO3型转变,TDS和Sr2+/Ca2+值均增加。地下水氢氧稳定同位素分析结果表明,本区岩溶地下水主要接受大气降水的入渗补给。根据同位素计算的补给高程推断岩溶水补给范围和划分的流动系统与地面调查结果及水化学研究成果一致:矿区处于区域流动系统排泄带,中寒武统张夏组—中奥陶统灰岩在矿区南部出露的范围接受降水补给,以侧向径流的方式进入矿区充水含水层。 相似文献
2.
基于小波分析的滇东北毛坪铅锌矿充水水源识别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地质科技情报》2019,(6)
依据矿区长期地下水动态资料,运用小波分析技术进行地下水位时间序列多时间尺度分析,提取序列中包含的主周期信息,进而辨识矿区的主要充水水源。研究结果显示:地下水位动态时间序列中所包含的周期或者准周期非常宽泛,展现出了多谱的复杂结果,主要周期从小到大分别对应地球固体潮效应、潮汐作用以及降雨为驱动力的地下水循环过程。小尺度的周期变化反映了地下水系统的开放程度;大尺度的周期变化是地下水系统对高能量、长时间尺度降雨输入的响应。研究结果证实了矿区河东石炭系与泥盆系岩溶裂隙水为矿区的直接充水水源,北部二叠系岩溶裂隙水与河西泥盆系岩溶裂隙水为矿区的间接充水水源。 相似文献
3.
为了解淮北煤田太原组灰岩水年龄、水化学特征及演化,采集了淮北煤田29个矿井地下水样品进行水常规、氢氧同位素及~(14)C测试。利用传统图示及统计方法探讨了地下水化学特征及演化,约束了地下水年龄及径流特征。结果表明:淮北煤田太原组灰岩水年龄在2900～21910 a之间变化,不同矿区之间灰岩水化学特征有明显差异。闸河矿区以较低的TDS浓度、最小的地下水年龄和最高的δD和δ~(18)O值为特征,为淮北煤田太原组灰岩水主要的补给区;临涣矿区孙疃矿、宿县矿区桃园矿具有较大的地下水年龄、较高的TDS浓度和低的δD和δ~(18)O值,为主要排泄区。TDS浓度等值线图和地下水年龄等值线图呈现一致的演化规律,淮北煤田东北部闸河矿区为主要补给区。太原组灰岩水径流特征主要受构造背景的控制,地下水补给条件及水岩相互作用程度决定了水体中TDS浓度和氢氧同位素富集特征。 相似文献
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5.
河南省新安县郁山铝土矿床水文地质特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[摘 要] 基于区域水文地质条件研究,结合新安县郁山铝土矿床的地质结构特征,详细论述了郁
山铝土矿床的水文地质特征。矿区内主要含水层为碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水含水层和碎屑岩类裂隙水含
水层,中等-弱富水性;主要隔水层为石炭系本溪组顶部泥岩、石炭-二叠系太原组泥岩隔水层( 顶板隔
水层)和石炭系本溪组中、下部泥岩隔水层( 底板隔水层)。大气降水和地下径流是矿区地下水的主要
补给来源,人工开采和泉是矿区地下水的主要排泄方式。断裂带具储水与导水性质,通常构成联通各含
水层的垂向通道。地下水是矿床充水的主要水源,地表水及大气降水为矿床充水的影响因素。充水通
道以渗入性通道为主,局部可以形成溃入性充水通道。所以,新安县郁山铝土矿为顶、底板直接充水的
水文地质条件中等复杂的以溶蚀裂隙为主的岩溶充水矿床。 相似文献
6.
通过对井田边界条件、主要含水层的富水特征、断层的水文地质特征以及地下水的补给、径流及排泄条件的分析研究,认为二1煤层顶板的直接充水水源为顶板砂岩裂隙水,底板的直接充水水源为石炭系太原组上段石灰岩岩溶裂隙水,底板的间接充水水源为石炭系下段太原组灰岩岩溶裂隙水和寒武系白云质灰岩岩溶裂隙水;矿井充水通道为顶板砂岩、底板灰岩的裂隙和断层带。采用大井法对先期开采地段二1煤层-700m水平的矿井涌水量进行了预算：正常涌水量为947m^3/d,最大涌水量为1140m^3/d。结合邻近矿井的调查,认为计算的涌水量是可靠的,可作为煤矿建井设计和水害防治的依据。 相似文献
7.
金沙江河谷巧家段地下水化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金沙江河谷巧家段地形切割强烈,最大相对高差可达2 719 m,水文地质条件差异大,河谷区内泉水出露众多。对河谷区内38组泉水水化学组分进行分析的结果表明:地下水化学类型较简单,主要为HCO3- Ca、HCO3- Ca?Mg、HCO3- Mg?Ca型;地下水溶解性总固体(TDS)浓度变化较大,总体上TDS浓度自河谷斜坡补给-径流区至谷底排泄区,具有逐步增高的趋势;孔隙水TDS浓度明显高于岩溶水;地下水宏量组分HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-与TDS具有正相关关系。据水化学组分变化分析谷底第四系地层中出露大泉的形成条件,其为孔隙水与岩溶水相混合形成。 相似文献
8.
矿区深部含水层水-岩作用的同位素与水化学示踪分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了有效揭示华北隐伏型煤矿区煤炭开采进程中深部含水层水-岩作用机制,本文以淮北煤田宿县-临涣矿区为研究示范,收集与采集1985～2011年期间矿区松散层第四含水层、煤系砂岩裂隙含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层与奥陶系岩溶含水层深部地下水样166个,分析与测试87Sr/86Sr、34S、13C同位素以及Na++K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-4、CO2-3等常规组分,并开展基于同位素与水化学的水-岩作用示踪与分析。研究成果表明:在矿区主要充水含水层中,煤系砂岩裂隙含水层脱硫酸与阳离子交替吸附作用最为显著,而松散层第四含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层与奥陶系岩溶含水层黄铁矿氧化或地下水硬化最为显著;受煤炭开采影响,煤系砂岩裂隙含水层、奥陶系岩溶含水层主要水-岩作用逐渐减弱,松散层第四含水层、石炭系太原组岩溶含水层主要水-岩作用或增强、或减弱,增强或减弱的程度取决于井田基岩面标高、主要断层的展布形态与隔水性能以及煤层开采扰动范围等。 相似文献
9.
山东泰安岩溶水系统地下水化学环境演化 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
随着地表环境质量的降低以及岩溶地下水的过量开采 ,泰安市岩溶水化学环境在总体上呈现出显著退化的演化规律。自 6 0年代初以来 ,泰安市城区及旧县岩溶水的常规组分、NO-3 浓度、硬度及TDS的浓度呈现不断升高的变化趋势 ,并检出有Cr6+ 、CN-、酚等人为环境物质。水位降落漏斗区与非漏斗区、岩溶塌陷区与非岩溶塌陷区的岩溶水化学组分浓度的对比结果表明 :由于岩溶水的超量开采引起地下水动力场的改变和岩溶塌陷是控制和影响岩溶水化学环境演化的主要因素。人类活动在时间及空间尺度上与岩溶水化学环境的快速退化亦有密切的关系。 相似文献
10.
《地下水》2021,(3)
河南省永城市日月湖生态景区治理工程在给永城市人民带来一个优美生态环境的同时,治理区地形、微地貌、水文及水文地质等条件也发生了变化,尤其是开挖后浅层地下水直接出露地表形成湖水,其水质相比之前埋藏于地下会发生改变。论文在阐述永城市日月湖景区水文地质条件的基础上,重点分析了治理区湖水、河水和浅层地下水的水化学和氘氧同位素特征。分析结果表明,湖水的水化学类型为HCO_3-SO_4-Na(Mg)型;河水水化学类型以SO_4-HCO_3-Na型为主;浅层地下水的水化学类型为HCO_3-Na-Mg型或HCO_3-Mg-Na型,个别水样中Cl-含量较高,水化学类型为HCO_3-Cl-Na(Mg,Ca)。湖水和地下水的水化学类型更接近,说明浅层地下水是湖水的重要补给来源。河水的TDS最高,浅层地下水TDS其次,湖水的TDS相对最低。研究区不同水体的氘氧同位素的分析结果说明,湖水受蒸发作用影响同位素富集;河水氘氧同位素与降水和地下水比较接近,其补给来源为大气降水和地下水;地下水除接受大气降水补给及雨季受河水补给外,还接受区域较高处的侧向径流补给,既有近源补给,也有远源补给。 相似文献
11.
Epigenic karst systems exhibit strong connectivity to surface recharge. In land use dominated by extensive agriculture and farming, epigenic karst aquifers are highly vulnerable to surface contaminants from point and nonpoint sources. Currently, the karstic landscapes of the southeastern Kentucky platform (USA) are impacted by agriculture and the rapid proliferation of concentrated-animal-feeding operations. Analysis of karst aquifer responses to storm events provides qualitative information regarding aquifer–recharge flow paths and groundwater residence time, and knowledge of spatial and temporal variations in recharge and flow is crucial to the understanding of the fate of surface contaminants. Time-series correlation analyses on long-term physicochemical data recorded at the outlet of Grayson Gunnar Cave, an epigenic karst system located along the Cumberland escarpment in southeastern Kentucky, revealed the existence of two separate conduit branches responding 4–8 h apart from each other. Recorded storm response times range from 4 h for flushing and dilution to 7 h for recovery. An estimated 6 million L of stored groundwater is discharged from both branches during major storms, and the fastest responding branch accounts for the majority (80%) of the groundwater reserve being discharged through the spring. As evidenced by groundwater residence time (7 days), recharge is likely characterized by localized infiltration of rain water from subsurface sinkholes to the conduit branches with no contribution of regional or lateral groundwater flow. 相似文献
12.
M. Alazard A. Boisson J-C. Maréchal J. Perrin B. Dewandel T. Schwarz M. Pettenati G. Picot-Colbeaux W. Kloppman S. Ahmed 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(1):35-57
The recharge flow paths in a typical weathered hard-rock aquifer in a semi-arid area of southern India were investigated in relation to structures associated with a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) scheme. Despite the large number of MAR structures, the mechanisms of recharge in their vicinity are still unclear. The study uses a percolation tank as a tool to identify the input signal of the recharge and uses multiple measurements (piezometric time series, electrical conductivity profiles in boreholes) compared against heat-pulse flowmeter measurements and geochemical data (major ions and stable isotopes) to examine recharge flow paths. The recharge process is a combination of diffuse piston flow and preferential flow paths. Direct vertical percolation appears to be very limited, in contradiction to the conceptual model generally admitted where vertical flow through saprolite is considered as the main recharge process. The horizontal component of the flow leads to a strong geochemical stratification of the water column. The complex recharge pattern, presented in a conceptual model, leads to varied impacts on groundwater quality and availability in both time and space, inducing strong implications for water management, water quality evolution, MAR monitoring and longer-term socio-economic costs. 相似文献
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14.
The potential sources of recharge of both water and solutes to the Quaternary aquifer in the area between Ismailia and El Kassara canals in northeastern Egypt include seepage from the irrigation canals and conduits, return flow after irrigation in the cultivated fields, local precipitation, and the upward flow of groundwater from the underlying Miocene aquifer system. Water isotopes, solute concentrations, and sulfate isotopes were used to investigate the geochemical sources, reactions, and the impacts of the hydraulic connections among recharge sources. The obtained results indicate a minimal influence of the underlying Miocene aquifer as a water and solute source while old and new contributions from the irrigation canals represent the main sources of recharge. The chemical reactions responsible for the chemical constituents and salinity in the aquifer include silicate weathering, evaporite dissolution, and carbonate precipitation. Most of groundwater samples appear to lie at/or close to equilibrium with montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite where clay minerals are quite common in the local soils of the Quaternary aquifer.
相似文献15.
综合利用马坑矿区积累的水位、水温资料,结合前期对矿区水文地质条件的认识,查明了矿区岩溶水在疏干条件下的补给的变化特征。矿区岩溶含水层以石炭系船山组至二叠系栖霞组灰岩为主,大气降水为其主要补给来源。矿区开采过程中由于矿山采石场开采灰岩造成的溶洞出露地表、采空塌陷裂隙、第四系扰动及沟谷堵塞等使大气降水入渗补给量增大;断层破碎带使分布于灰岩含水层上部的二叠系文笔山组泥质砂岩地层具有了良好的含水性及导水性,致使其上部加福组砂岩裂隙水通过小娘坑断层及F3断层等破碎带补给岩溶水;溪马河河水沿河床与F1断层交汇段渗漏补给岩溶水;深部花岗岩低温热水也沿F1及F10断层破碎带进入矿坑。 相似文献
16.
Dynamics and anthropogenic impacts of multiple karst flow systems in a mountainous area of South China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Mingming Luo Zhihua Chen Robert E. Criss Hong Zhou He Huang Zhaofeng Han Tingting Shi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(8):1993-2002
The Xiangxi River basin, South China, is a steep terrane with well-developed karst features and an important Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer. Meteoric water in this mountainous area features a mean δ18O elevation gradient of –2.4?‰/km. This gradient was used to estimate mean recharge elevations of 760 m for Shuimoxi (SMX) spring, 1,060 m for Xiangshuidong (XSD) spring, and 1,430 m for drill hole ZK03, indicating multiple flow paths in the Cambrian-Ordovician karst aquifer. Mean residence times of 230 and 320 days and ～2 years were estimated for these features, respectively, using the damped running average model that predicts the isotopic variations in groundwater from those in precipitation. Groundwater in the regional karst flow system has the longest residence time, the highest recharge elevation, the longest flow paths, the lowest addition of anthropogenic components, and the greatest amount of water–rock interaction as indicated by its higher dissolved solids, Mg2+ concentrations and Mg/Ca ratios than the springs. In contrast, the local and shallow karst flow systems respond rapidly to recharge events. Artificial tracer tests prove that these shallow karst systems can also quickly transmit anthropogenic contaminants, indicating that they are highly vulnerable to human impacts, which include the enrichment of NO3 –. The intensity of water–rock interaction and groundwater vulnerability are mainly determined by the structure and dynamics of the multiple karst flow systems. 相似文献
17.
Flash flood mitigation as a positive consequence of anthropogenic forcing on the groundwater resource in a karst catchment 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hervé Jourde A. Lafare N. Mazzilli G. Belaud L. Neppel N. Dörfliger F. Cernesson 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):573-583
The Mediterranean coastal region is prone to high-intensity rainfall events that are frequently associated with devastating flash floods. This paper discusses the role of a karst aquifer system in the flash floods of a Mediterranean river, the Lez river. Most of the Lez river watershed is located on karst terrains where interactions between surface water and groundwater take place. During extreme rainfall events, the presence of fractures and well-developed karst features in carbonate terrains enhances the infiltration processes and involves the concentration of the recharge into highly organized and permeable flow paths. The groundwater, therefore, quickly moves towards the natural outlets of the karst system. The influence of the Lez karst aquifer system on the associated river floods dynamics is analysed while considering the spatially distributed rainfall, as well as the time series of the groundwater level within the aquifer and of the Lez river discharge measured at various gauging stations. Special attention is given to the relative importance of the surface and underground processes involved in flash flood genesis. It is shown that the karst groundwater contributes to flash floods under certain conditions, while high-rate pumping within the karst aquifer, which generates significant drawdown, may mitigate flash floods under other conditions. 相似文献
18.
拒马源泉群作为拒马河的源头,受到了较多专家和学者的关注。但这些研究多集中在地下水的水化学、水位动态、泉流量等特征上,对地下水氢氧同位素特征的分析几乎没有,且对北海泉的成因解释多为粗略的定性概述。为了说明涞源北盆地地下水的氢氧同位素特征,详细揭示北海泉的形成模式,首次系统地采集了不同含水岩组的地下水样品,测定了水样的氢氧同位素组分。结果表明:样品点δD和δ18O值均落在区域大气降水线上或附近,大气降水是研究区地下水的主要补给来源;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组高程效应较明显,径流途径长,松散含水层径流途径短,受蒸发作用较强;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组和松散含水层氘盈余d值分别为6.0‰～11.6‰、4.2‰～11.2‰、3.8‰～8.0‰,较大气降水大部分偏小,表明岩溶水和松散孔隙水经历了不同的流动过程;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组从补给区向排泄区各自流动过程中,在小西庄、香炉屯村附近断裂带发生沟通混合,然后在向盆地中心径流过程中受断层阻水上升,上升过程中又接受了松散孔隙水的补给,最后在松散岩层中出露成泉,形成北海泉。在孔隙水混入前,两者的平均补给比例大约为48.4%～57.6%和42.4%～51.6%。 相似文献
19.
3H, δ13C and hydrochemical data were used to estimate the corrected groundwater age derived from conventional 14C age of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The Middle-Upper Devonian aquifer system from the Baltic upland recharge area in eastern Lithuania towards the discharge area on the Baltic Sea coast in the west was considered. The concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater changes from 300 to 24,000 mg/L and increases downgradient towards the coast. The other major constituents have the same trend as the TDS. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater vary from an alkali-earth carbonates facies at the eastern upland area to an alkali-earth carbonate-sulfate and chloride facies at transit and discharge areas. Meteoric water percolating through the Quaternary and Devonian aquifers regulate the initial 14C activities of groundwater involving two main members of DIC: soil CO2 with modern 14C activity uptake and dissolution of 14C-free aquifer carbonates. Other sources of DIC are less common. 14C activity of DIC in the groundwater ranged from 60 to 108 pMC at the shallow depths. With an increase of the aquifers depth the dolomitization of aqueous solution and leakage of the “old” groundwater from lower aquifers take place, traced by lower activities (7–30 pMC). 相似文献
20.
Identifying the recharge sources and age of groundwater in the Songnen Plain (Northeast China) using environmental isotopes 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The recharge sources and groundwater age in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, were confirmed using environmental isotopes. The isotopic signatures of the unconfined aquifers in the southeast elevated plain and the north and west piedmont, cluster along local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) with a slope of about 5. The signature of source water was obtained by the intersection of these LMWLs with the regional meteoric water line (RMWL). This finding provides evidence that the recharge water for these areas originate from the Changbai Mountains and the Low and High Hingan Mountains, respectively. Groundwater in the unconfined aquifer in the low plain yields a LMWL with a slope of 4.4; its nitrate concentration indicates the admixture of irrigation return flow. The δ-values of the unconfined aquifer in the east elevated plain plot along the RMWL, reflecting recharge by local precipitation. The mean residence time of groundwater in these aquifers is less than 50?years. However, the 14C age of the groundwater in the confined Quaternary aquifer ranges from modern to 19,500?years, and in the Tertiary confined aquifer from 3,100 to 24,900?years. Modern groundwater is mainly recharged to the Quaternary confined aquifer on the piedmont by local precipitation and lateral subsurface flow. 相似文献