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1.
本文在分析荥巩矿区水文地质条件的基础上,重点对岩溶地下水系统的水化学特征进行分析。结果表明:岩溶水水化学类型自补给区到排泄区,从单一的HCO3型向复杂的HCO3.SO4型和SO4.HCO3型转变,TDS和Sr2+/Ca2+值均增加。地下水氢氧稳定同位素分析结果表明,本区岩溶地下水主要接受大气降水的入渗补给。根据同位素计算的补给高程推断岩溶水补给范围和划分的流动系统与地面调查结果及水化学研究成果一致:矿区处于区域流动系统排泄带,中寒武统张夏组—中奥陶统灰岩在矿区南部出露的范围接受降水补给,以侧向径流的方式进入矿区充水含水层。 相似文献
2.
为了解宿县矿区太原组灰岩水化学特征及空间分布规律,采集了矿区7对生产矿井水样及河流水样进行常规元素、微量(稀土)元素及D、18O测试,利用传统图示及统计方法探讨了地下水化学特征及影响因素,分析了太原组灰岩水径流特征及水化学过程,结果表明:灰岩水主要为SO_4·HCO_3—Na·Ca类型,河流水主要为SO_4·Cl—Na型;灰岩水中∑REE在0.031~0.075μg/L之间,稀土总量、Y/Ho及Y*与TDS受到强烈水岩作用的影响;Ce异常主要受氧化还原条件制约;灰岩水与河流水具有一致的δD—δ~(18)O斜率,大气降水及地表水补给痕迹明显。受蒸发作用影响,河流水体D、18O重同位素富集,δD在-52.41‰~-33.36‰之间,平均含量为-39.56‰;δ~(18)O在-6.69‰~-3.01‰之间,平均值为-4.45‰。灰岩水中D、18O相对较低,δD在-71.83‰~-49.09‰之间,平均值为-60.14‰;δ~(18)O在-10.15‰~-6.64‰之间,平均值为-8.15‰;该区灰岩水表现为由东西向中间径流的特征,这种径流作用直接造成矿区不同矿井常规组分、微量元素及同位素特征的差异。 相似文献
3.
水化学成分及特征对煤层气开发有重要指导意义。为研究沁水盆地南部柿庄南煤层气开发区块3号主采煤层的地下水径流与水化学特征,从该区采集了煤层气井排出水样,进行主要离子浓度及氢氧同位素测定,分析离子浓度与氢氧同位素的展布特征。同位素组成研究结果显示,3号煤层产出水均来自大气降水补给,表现出18O与D漂移的特点。研究区由东向西δD和δ18O值呈增大趋势,和Na+、K+、Cl-等离子浓度呈现出一定的正相关性,并与研究区由东向西水文径流区（氧化环境）到滞流区（还原环境）的过渡特征相符合,说明δD和δ18O值也可以作为判断煤层水径流条件与煤层气开发有利区的参考指标。 相似文献
4.
拒马源泉群作为拒马河的源头,受到了较多专家和学者的关注。但这些研究多集中在地下水的水化学、水位动态、泉流量等特征上,对地下水氢氧同位素特征的分析几乎没有,且对北海泉的成因解释多为粗略的定性概述。为了说明涞源北盆地地下水的氢氧同位素特征,详细揭示北海泉的形成模式,首次系统地采集了不同含水岩组的地下水样品,测定了水样的氢氧同位素组分。结果表明:样品点δD和δ18O值均落在区域大气降水线上或附近,大气降水是研究区地下水的主要补给来源;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组高程效应较明显,径流途径长,松散含水层径流途径短,受蒸发作用较强;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组和松散含水层氘盈余d值分别为6.0‰～11.6‰、4.2‰～11.2‰、3.8‰～8.0‰,较大气降水大部分偏小,表明岩溶水和松散孔隙水经历了不同的流动过程;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组从补给区向排泄区各自流动过程中,在小西庄、香炉屯村附近断裂带发生沟通混合,然后在向盆地中心径流过程中受断层阻水上升,上升过程中又接受了松散孔隙水的补给,最后在松散岩层中出露成泉,形成北海泉。在孔隙水混入前,两者的平均补给比例大约为48.4%～57.6%和42.4%～51.6%。 相似文献
5.
云南毛坪铅锌矿区属于复杂型岩溶裂隙充水大水矿床,亟需查明其充水水源、径流途径以开展地下水防治工程设计与优化。基于水化学、氢氧同位素方法对矿区充水水源进行系统研究与辨识,并对矿区水文地质概念模型作了初步分析。矿区石炭系地下水表现为低水温、低TDS、高NO-3、富集重同位素,而矿区泥盆系地下水由北往南水温、TDS逐渐升高,NO-3浓度降低,微量组分浓度升高,且尤为富集轻同位素。研究结果表明以上组分均对矿区充水水源辨识有直接指示意义:石炭系主要受东侧献鸡一带岩溶洼地区补给,自东往西向矿区径流,并经由断层构造向矿区泥盆系北部补给,同时与泥盆系南部深层水源混合后排泄于矿区疏干漏斗中心。 相似文献
6.
为了进一步了解我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水的赋存规律和形成演化机理,以河北省张北县玄武岩地下水为研究对象,在野外采集地下水样、测定水化学和同位素组成的基础上,利用统计分析、离子比例系数、氢氧同位素、反向地球化学模拟等方法,对区内玄武岩地下水的水化学形成机制进行了研究。结果表明：沿地下水径流方向,研究区内玄武岩地下水中多数离子质量浓度呈现增大趋势,补给区的地下水化学类型以HCO3Ca·Mg为主,TDS质量浓度多小于500 mg/L,排泄区地下水中阴离子以Cl-和SO2-4为主,阳离子以Na+为主,TDS质量浓度多大于1 400 mg/L;研究区地下水补给来源为当地大气降水;硅铝酸盐、岩盐、硫酸盐的风化溶解是地下水中离子的主要来源;溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和农业施肥等人类活动影响是控制地下水化学形成的主要作用。 相似文献
7.
《地质科技情报》2021,40(5)
地下水的化学特征与成因机制对地下水演化、地下水资源的合理开采及质量评价具有重要意义。为查明豫北平原浅层地下水的水质特征及控制因素,采集了不同类型的浅层地下水和地表水样品,分别测试了水样阴、阳离子和氢氧同位素组成。结果表明:(1)地下水中总溶解性固体物质(total dissolved solids,简称TDS)质量浓度范围为316～6 948 mg/L,微咸和咸地下水呈条带状分布在沁河冲洪积平原中部,在三阳镇-修武县一带,水化学类型复杂,以HCO_3·SO_4-Na·Mg·Ca型和SO_4-Na·Mg型水为主。北部山前冲洪积扇和沁河北岸地下水为淡水,为HCO_3-Ca·Mg型水。(2)δ~2H-δ~(18)O关系说明地下水起源于大气降水,水化学组分受水岩相互作用控制,在补给区以碳酸盐岩溶滤作用为主,径流区发生硅酸盐岩的风化溶解以及阳离子交换作用,排泄区以蒸发浓缩、石膏溶解和阳离子交换作用为主。(3)地质和气候环境是造成地下水咸化的主要成因,且受到工农业污水渗漏的影响。研究成果可以为该区地下水资源的合理开采和有效管理提供依据。 相似文献
8.
为了探究平朔矿区所在流域不同水体同位素的时空变化规律, 揭示采煤活动下区域水循环规律, 于2020年8月和12月对流域内地表水、地下水和矿井水进行采样, 测试样品的D和18O同位素组成, 并利用贝叶斯混合模型MixSIAR计算了矿井水不同来源的贡献率。结果表明: ①地表水和矿井水δD和δ18O夏季较冬季高; 地下水δD和δ18O季节差异不明显。地表水氢氧同位素值沿程呈增加趋势, 但局部受到矿井水的补给, 出现贫化; 地下水氢氧同位素值沿径流方向呈逐渐增加趋势。②采煤区氢氧同位素值较非采煤区明显增加。受季节效应影响, 在空间分布上8月浅层地下水氢氧同位素高值区域较12月明显增多。③ δ18O与δD关系图表明, 地表水在接受大气降水的补给之后受到了蒸发分馏作用的影响; 浅层地下水的补给源较复杂, 深层地下水由于采煤形成的导水裂隙带受到了浅层地下水和地表水的补给; 矿井水受地表水、浅层地下水和深层地下水的补给。④ MixSIAR模型揭示出深层地下水是矿井水的主要补给来源, 占61.60%~67.20%, 且补给比例冬季大于夏季; 浅层地下水对矿井水的补给存在明显季节差异。 相似文献
9.
为了进一步了解我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水的赋存规律和形成演化机理,以河北省张北县玄武岩地下水为研究对象,在野外采集地下水样、测定水化学和同位素组成的基础上,利用统计分析、离子比例系数、氢氧同位素、反向地球化学模拟等方法,对区内玄武岩地下水的水化学形成机制进行了研究。结果表明:沿地下水径流方向,研究区内玄武岩地下水中多数离子质量浓度呈现增大趋势,补给区的地下水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg为主,TDS质量浓度多小于500mg/L,排泄区地下水中阴离子以Cl-和SO42-为主,阳离子以Na+为主,TDS质量浓度多大于1 400mg/L;研究区地下水补给来源为当地大气降水;硅铝酸盐、岩盐、硫酸盐的风化溶解是地下水中离子的主要来源;溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和农业施肥等人类活动影响是控制地下水化学形成的主要作用。 相似文献
10.
地下水是海原盆地唯一的供水水源,近年来部分地区地下水溶解性总固体(TDS)增高,引起了有关部门和水文地质工作者的高度关注。通过分析69组地下水样品的水化学和氢氧稳定同位素数据,对地下水补给来源和咸化的水文地球化学过程进行了研究。结果表明:地下水TDS值198.2~6 436.4 mg/L,沿着地下水流向,咸化程度增加,水化学类型从基岩区的HCO3—Ca·Mg型演化至滞留—排泄区的SO4·Cl—Na·Mg型。地下水补给来源主要为大气降雨和基岩裂隙水侧向径流,补给源—对地下水咸化贡献较小。溶滤作用具空间差异,基岩区和补给区以碳酸盐、硅酸盐风化为主,径流区和滞留—排泄区则为蒸发岩风化,硫酸盐是地下水中阳离子的主要来源。补给水、溶滤和蒸发对第四系地下水TDS的贡献比率分别为4.8%~81.2%、11.9% ~85.9%、1.7%~29.5%,溶滤作用是控制海原盆地地下水咸化的首要因素。当地有关部门应加大对基岩泉水的综合利用,同时注意控制海原县和西安镇等地区地下水开采量,防止地下水进一步咸化。另外,在微咸水分布区可引进地下水去除硫酸盐技术,提高微咸水利用程度。 相似文献
11.
M. A. Short S. Lamontagne P. G. Cook R. Cranswick 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):319-331
The spatial and temporal distribution of near-shore fresh submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) was characterised from the coastal aquifers of the Willunga Basin, South Australia, an extensive aquifer system that supports an important viticultural region. Measurements of electrical conductivity (EC) and 222Rn (radon) activity were collected at 19 sites along the coastline during the Southern Hemisphere spring (2011) and summer (2013). At each site, samples were collected from the surf zone as well asporewater from beach sediment in the intertidal zone. Surf-zone radon activity ranged from <5 to 70mBq L–1, and intertidal porewater radon ranged over two orders of magnitude (220–36 940 mBq L–1) along the Willunga Basin coastline during both surveys. Overall, surf-zone and porewater EC was lower in the spring 2011 survey than in the summer 2013 survey. Porewater EC was similar to that of coastal water at most sites along the coastline, except at three sites where porewater EC was found to be lower than coastal water during both surveys, and three sites where evaporated seawater was observed in the summer survey. Based on the patterns in radon and EC along the coastline, two sites of localised fresh SGD were identified, in addition to a groundwater spring that is known to discharge to the coast. The results indicate that near-shore fresh SGD occurs as localised seeps rather than diffuse seepage along the entire coastline. The apparent absence of groundwater discharge at most locations is also consistent with current evidence suggesting that extensive groundwater pumping within the basin has resulted in seawater intrusion across much of the coastline. These observations also suggest that previous studies are likely to have over-estimated SGD rates from the Willunga Basin because they assumed that SGD occurred along the entire coastline. 相似文献
12.
Analysis of the exchange of groundwater and river water by using Radon-222 in the middle Heihe Basin of northwestern China 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
In arid regions of western China, water resources come from mountain watersheds and disappear in the desert plain. The exchange of surface water and groundwater takes place two or three times in a basin. It is essential to analyze the interaction of groundwater with surface water to use water resources effectively and predict the change in the water environment. The conventional method of analysis, however, measures only the flow of a stream and cannot determine groundwater seepage accurately. As the concentration of Radon-222 (222Rn) in groundwater is much higher than in surface water, the use of 222Rn was examined as an indicator for the analysis of the interaction between surface water and groundwater. Measurement of the 222Rn concentration in surface water was conducted to detect groundwater seepage into a stream in the middle Heihe Basin of northwestern China. Furthermore, the simultaneous groundwater flow into and out of a stream from the aquifers was quantified by solving the 222Rn mass balance equation, in which the losses of gas exchange and radioactive decay of 222Rn are considered. Meanwhile, river runoff was gauged to determine the exchange rates between surface water and groundwater. The result shows that 222Rn isotope can be used as a good environmental tracer with high sensitivity for the interaction between surface water and groundwater, especially in the fractured aquifer system, karst aquifer system and discharge basins. 相似文献
13.
高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、硝酸根(NO-3)、铵根(NH+4)是判断水体是否受到三氮污染的重要指标。对于测定这三个指标的水样保存方式和时间,地质行业标准和国内外主要国家标准间存在明显差异。地质行业标准规定地下水样品原水室温保存,CODMn和NH+4在3天内测定;NO-3在20天内测定;国家标准和美国标准推荐样品硫酸酸化,避光或冷藏保存,在2~7天内完成CODMn和NO-3和1~7天内完成NH+4测试。为了分析各类标准在样品保存要求上的差异对检测结果的影响,确保检测数据能真实地反映水体污染状况,找寻简便的保存方式,本文在广州地区采集地下水,按照地质行业标准与国家标准进行处理和保存,并在不同时间段对三个指标进行测试。分析验证结果表明:地质行业标准与国家和美国标准关于水样的保存方法均非常可靠。地质行业标准主要针对静态地下水,保存方法相对宽松;国家标准和美国标准适用范围除了地下水,还包括动态的地表水和废水,采样对象成分更为复杂,更不稳定,更容易受外界影响发生变化,故保存条件高于地质标准。在广州地区,采用原水室温避光保存水样,CODMn、NH+4保存时间可为5天,NO-3保存时间可为30天;采用酸化水室温保存水样,CODMn、NO-3和NH+4保存时间可长达30天。这两种方式均比地质行业标准和国家标准推荐的有效时间长,且原水和酸化水室温保存方式相对于冷藏保存方式更为方便。本文提出,如果采集的水样能方便、快速送达实验室,可采用原水保存;如果不能在短时间内送达实验室检测,可采用硫酸酸化保存。 相似文献
14.
Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages.Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in 10Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr−1. 相似文献
15.
琼北火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新生代以来,雷琼地区多次、大量地喷发了一系列火山岩。前人主要基于K-Ar法对此划分了期次。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对琼北火山岩区进行了精细定年研究。低本底激光40Ar/39Ar法能够对低钾含量,极少量样品(毫克级)进行精细测定,非常适合极年轻火山岩的定年工作。结果显示的火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar法高质量数据表明琼北火山喷发活动时限跨越1.3～0.052Ma。在比较了表观年龄与等时线年龄差异之后,本文给出了年龄推荐值。正如测试数据所显示,本地区新生代火山岩普遍存在40Ar和36Ar过剩的问题,此时只有等时线年龄才代表喷发的真实年龄。 相似文献
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【研究目的】揭示武汉北部新城地表水、地下水的氢氧稳定同位素特征及其相互作用。【研究方法】2019年，采集、测定了降水样7件、河水样6件、水库样14件、民井样98件、泉水样3件和钻孔样11件，并收集到武汉站1986—1998年的监测数据50件，以空间分析和流域分析为基础，氢氧稳定同位素分析为手段。【研究结果】（1）武汉降水氢氧同位素随季节变化，并表现出“降雨效应”明显、“温度效应”不明显的特点；（2）地表水在枯水期受到强烈的蒸散发，表现出一定的“地貌效应”与“干支流效应”的特征；（3）民井、泉和钻孔等地下水均源于大气降水，表现出“含水层埋深效应”与“山区平原效应”的特点；（4）枯水期，界河流域中界河获得了上游水库和地下水的补给，夏家寺水库流域中夏家寺水库得到了地下水补给。【结论】氢氧同位素能显著提高武汉北部新城地表水-地下水相互转换规律的认识。创新点：利用各类水体氢氧同位素组成及空间分布特征，揭示了武汉北部新城降水、地表水和地下水相互转换的规律 相似文献
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H. Knicker G. Almendros F. J. Gonzlez-Vila H. -D. Lüdemann F. Martin 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
A variety of fungal melanins with natural 15N abundance are characterized by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy and are compared to solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra of organic matter from representative soils. In all solid-state 15N NMR spectra the peptide/amide region (−220 to −285 ppm) dominates with more than 70% of the total intensity. The region between −285 and −375 ppm, assigned to amino and ammonium groups, always contains more than half of the remaining intensity. The area in the region from −30 to −220 ppm, where aromatic heterocycles would show signals, makes up less than 10% of the total intensity. These findings call into question common structural models for melanins. The solid-state 13C NMR spectra, on the other hand, reveal large differences when the melanins are compared to each other, and to composts and soils. The concentration of the aromatic carbon varies from 5 to 40% in the melanin series. The ratio Caro/Ntot and Cali/Ntot were calculated, and confirm that nitrogen in these samples is bound in Ca-groups rather than in aromatic heterocyclic structures. 相似文献
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Constraints from strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios and trace elements on the sources of the sediments in Lake Huguang Maar 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Houyun Zhou Bo-Shian Wang Huazheng Guan Yi-Jen Lai Chen-Feng You Jinlian Wang Huai-Jen Yang 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):289-300
The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar in coastal South China were previously thought to originate mainly from wind-blown dust transported from North China, such that the lake sediments recorded the varying strength of the Asian winter monsoon. An alternative explanation was that the local pyroclastic rocks supplied the lake sediments, but the actual contributions from the different sources remained unclear. Geochemical analyses including 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd and trace elements support the local pyroclastic rock as the dominant source: < 22% of the total Sr in the lake sediments and 17% of the Nd arises from the distant source. Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf for the lake sediments are identical to those for the local rock but differ from the ratios for the wind-blown dust, and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns for the lake sediments are similar to those for the local rock and soil, but differ from those for the distant source. The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar are probably input into the lake through runoff and thus controlled by the hydrology of the lake. Wind-blown dust transported by the Asian winter monsoon from arid North China is only a minor contribution to the sediments. 相似文献
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