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1.
本文主要基于东昆仑造山带、秦岭造山带、兴蒙造山带、阿尔泰造山带、燕山造山带以及华南过铝花岗岩带等花岗岩类形成的研究成果,讨论中国大陆内几个造山带的花岗岩类形成与大陆地壳生长方式和过程,我们的初步认识是:软流圈(对流地幔)的热和物质向大陆的输入(input)是大陆地壳生长和再改造的根本.大陆地壳的形成演化和再改造(reworking)主要通过岩浆作用完成,岩浆的形成、运移和定位是大陆地壳生长的基本过程.幔源玄武质岩浆底侵(underplating)于大陆地壳底部和内侵(intraplating)于地壳内部,是软流圈注入大陆的基本形式.造山带镁铁质下地壳的拆沉作用是致使陆壳总组成为中性火成岩(安山岩和闪长岩,或粗面安山岩和二长岩质的)的主要原因.收缩挤压构造作用使陆壳加厚达≥50 km,是诱发镁铁质下地壳拆沉作用的必需条件.火成岩构造组合及其时间序列是识别大陆地壳从软流圈地幔中分出,直至最终形成的过程的关键记录. 相似文献
2.
拆沉作用(delamination)及其壳—幔演化动力学意义 总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45
拆沉作用导致下地壳和岩石圈地幔下沉，相应软流圈上涌至壳—幔边界，使下地壳、岩石圈地幔和软流圈三者发生物质交换，引起岩浆作用、山脉隆升、伸展、垮塌，形成坳陷盆地，并最终使大陆地壳向长英质方向演化，产生与其它行星不同的、独一无二的中性安山质或英云闪长质成分。拆沉作用是对经典板块构造理论的重要补充与完善 相似文献
3.
在理解岩石圈内部流变分层性和造山带热异常形成与演化多控制因素的基础上，建立了造山带热－应力作用数值模型，研究了不同参数下造山带不同部位蠕动应力场的格局及其演化。其研究结果表明，碰撞终止后岩石圈内部应力调整或热松驰控制了造山带内部不同层次构造样式。在造山带中心，加厚岩石圈在碰撞附加力终止后40Ma，岩石圈应力强度明显减少，可诱发科迪勒拉式后造山伸展作用；在地壳中下层次或岩石圈深部（约40～60km、120～150km）可发生拆沉作用，但非岩石圈地幔的整体拆沉，其动力源自岩石圈套内部相应层位的应力引张；在40Ma以内或在拆沉作用发生前，岩石圈地幔根部及地壳中下层次作为热的应变软化区段，相应控制着Moho面形态及中上地壳构造样式；缝合带及造山带前缘作为应力挤压区，在10Ma可出现局部应力引张，孕育喜马拉雅式伸展。但在宽度巨大的造山带（1000km以上），后造山伸展作用的发生则与带内其它大规模构造活化有关。 相似文献
4.
拆沉作用及其壳—幔演化动力学意义 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
拆沉作用导致下地壳和岩石圈地幔下沉，相应软流上涌至壳－幔边界，使下地壳，岩石圈地幔和软流圈三者发生物质交换，引起岩浆作用，山脉隆升，伸展，垮塌，形成坳陷盆地，并最终使大陆地宙向长英质方向演化，产生与其它行星不同的，独一无二的中性安山质或曲云闪长质成分，拆沉作用是对经典板块构造理论的重要补充和完善。 相似文献
5.
板内造山作用与成矿 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
中国大陆广泛分布强烈的板内变形和造山作用,传统的板块构造理论常常将其解释为板块边缘汇聚力的远程效应。然而,中国大陆的板内造山作用与汇聚板块边界之间缺乏可预期的动力学联系,不能简单地解释为大陆碰撞或板块俯冲的远程效应。本文提出另一种可供选择的解释,认为板内变形主要取决于岩石圈不均一性。相邻的板块拼合在一起形成统一板块之后,区域地质演化进入板内阶段。板块碰撞导致的岩石圈不均一性和重力不稳定性可以触发强烈的板内变形甚至造山作用,其延迟时间的长短取决于岩石圈不稳定性的程度和地球深部的热扰动。与板缘造山带相比,板内造山作用缺少板块俯冲-碰撞过程,板内造山带的演化历史相对简单,通常是以岩石圈拆沉作用开始,以地壳的垂向增生为特征,最后以岩石圈拆沉作用结束或形成重力不稳定岩石圈。因此,板内造山作用一般沿着古造山带发育。古造山带岩石圈结构低成熟度的特点不仅是岩石圈不稳定性的主要原因之一,而且由于挥发分和含矿元素的富集在活化过程中具有很强的成矿潜力。板内造山带的成矿作用依赖于深埋在岩石圈-软流圈系统不同深度水平上含矿流体的突然释放,主要发生在造山作用初始阶段和造山后伸展阶段。 相似文献
6.
北秦岭新元古代后碰撞花岗岩的确定及其构造意义 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
应用LA ICPMS获得北秦岭蔡凹花岗岩体锆石U Pb年龄 ( 889± 1 0 )Ma ,代表岩体的形成时代。该岩体富集LILE、贫化HFSE ,显示活动陆缘俯冲带I型花岗岩体地球化学特征。同时岩体又具有富铝、高钾和锶、明显亏损Nb、Ti、P等元素的大陆造山带后碰撞演化阶段花岗岩特征。根据区域构造资料并结合岩体的变形特征分析 ,蔡凹岩体为碰撞造山过程地壳增厚背景下 ,在后碰撞拉张阶段由卷入有消减带物质的下部地壳部分熔融所形成 ,指示了秦岭在该时期已进入由主碰撞挤压转向后碰撞伸展演化阶段 ,为进一步精细确定北秦岭新元古代陆块汇聚碰撞造山过程提供了新的依据 相似文献
7.
中国东部中生代造山带不同于陆缘俯冲作用和陆间大陆碰撞造山带,也不是陆缘和陆间碰撞造山带发展演化的某一个特定阶段的产物。它是一种由深部软流层上涌造山作用形成的一个新类型的造山带,又称东亚型造山作用。它的造山作用过程是:(1)早中生代(230～180Ma)的前和初始造山幕,深部软流层物质上涌和底侵作用导致冷、强的大陆岩石圈地幔线状破裂与局部拆沉;(2)中、晚侏罗世(180～140Ma)主造山幕,软流层大规模上涌并沿着岩石圈底部壳-幔边界横向侵入和伸展,使垂向差异运动转变为水平挤压作用,结果地壳表层发生大规模的褶皱构造变形和推覆构造,使陆壳加厚形成山根,岩石圈根发生部分拆沉;(3)白垩纪(140～65Ma)的晚期造山幕,加厚的陆壳山根与岩石圈根的大规模拆沉,岩石圈进入全新的从挤压向伸展转变和巨大减薄阶段,软流层大规模上涌成山。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原碰撞造山带：Ⅲ. 后碰撞伸展成矿作用 总被引：97，自引：20，他引：97
“后碰撞”作为大陆碰撞造山作用的特定过程,以其重要的构造演化标示性特征和强烈的爆发式金属成矿作用,受到人们的高度重视。但涉及后碰撞的一系列重要地质问题,如后碰撞期的构造特征与演化历程、岩浆发育序列和岩石构造组合、伸展成矿作用与矿床系列组合等,尚未得到清楚完好的识别、理解和阐示。文章系统研究和总结了青藏高原后碰撞造山与成矿作用特征,提出了后碰撞伸展成矿作用的构造控制模型。研究表明,现今处于后碰撞阶段的青藏高原,中新世以来主要经历了两阶段发育历史。后碰撞早期阶段主要发生下地壳流动与上地壳缩短(>18Ma):下地壳塑性流动并向南挤出,在藏南地区形成EW向延伸的藏南拆离系(STD)和高喜马拉雅,上地壳强烈逆冲推覆,在拉萨地体发育EW向展布的逆冲断裂系;晚期阶段主要发生地壳伸展与裂陷(<18Ma):垂直碰撞带的EW向伸展,形成一系列横切青藏高原的NS向正断层系统(≤13·5Ma)及其围陷的裂谷系和裂陷盆地。后碰撞岩浆作用以形成钾质_超钾质火山岩、钾质埃达克岩、钾质钙碱性花岗岩与淡色花岗岩为特征,集中发育于冈底斯构造_岩浆带和藏南特提斯喜马拉雅。淡色花岗岩与藏南拆离构造有关,其他钾质_超钾质岩浆活动则与EW向地壳伸展有关。青藏高原后碰撞成矿作用强烈而复杂,主要形成斑岩型Cu矿、热液脉型Sb_Au矿、矽卡岩型和热液脉型Ag_Pb_Zn矿以及现代热泉型Cs_Au矿等重要矿床类型。斑岩型Cu矿及矽卡岩型多金属矿床形成于后碰撞伸展环境,岩浆起源于加厚的镁铁质新生下地壳;热液脉型Sb_Au矿发育于藏南拆离带及变质核杂岩周围,系中新世地热田浅成低温热液活动产物。热液脉型Ag_Pb_Zn矿主要产于拉萨地体内部的逆冲构造带内,与地壳流体的迁移汇聚过程有关。青藏高原后碰撞成矿作用在上地壳层次受3大构造系统控制,即①东西向伸展形成的近NS向正断层系统及裂谷裂陷带,②南北向地壳缩短形成的EW向展布的逆冲构造带和③EW向展布的拆离构造带,但在中下地壳/地幔层次上,则受中下地壳物质流动_挤出过程以及俯冲大陆板片断离_拆沉过程控制。 相似文献
9.
本篇讨论大陆岩石圈拆沉、伸展与裂解作用过程。由于大陆岩石圈厚度大而且很不均匀,产生裂谷的机制比较复杂。大陆碰撞远程效应的触发,岩石圈拆沉,以及板块运动的不规则性和地球应力场方向转折,都可能产生岩石圈断裂和大陆裂谷。岩石圈拆沉为在重力作用下"去陆根"的作用过程,演化过程可分为大陆根拆离、地壳伸展和岩石圈地幔整体破裂三个阶段。大陆碰撞带、俯冲的大陆和大洋板块、克拉通区域岩石圈,都可能产生岩石圈拆沉。大陆岩石圈调查表明,拉张区可见地壳伸展、岩石圈拆离、软流圈上拱和热沉降;它们是大陆岩石圈伸展与裂解早期的主要表现。从初始拉张的盆岭省到成熟的张裂省,拆离后地壳伸展成复式地堑,下地壳幔源玄武岩浆侵位,断裂带贯通并切穿整个岩石圈,表明地壳伸展进入成熟阶段。中国东北松辽盆地和西欧北海盆地曾处于成熟的张裂省。岩石圈破裂为岩浆侵位提供了阻力很小的通道网。岩浆侵位作用伴随岩石圈破裂和热流体上涌,成熟的张裂省可发展成大陆裂谷。多数的大陆裂谷带并没有发展成威尔逊裂谷带和洋中脊,普通的大陆裂谷要演化为威尔逊裂谷带,必须有来自软流圈的长期和持续的热流和玄武质岩浆的供应。威尔逊裂谷带岩石圈地幔和软流圈为地震低速带,其根源可能与来自地幔底部的地幔热羽流有关。 相似文献
10.
碰撞造山带斑岩型矿床的深部约束机制 总被引：19，自引：8，他引：11
在印度-亚洲大陆碰撞过程中,俯冲板片断离触发了幔源岩浆底侵作用、下地壳部分熔融和冈底斯岩基带以及同岩基斑岩的产生.在此过程中,幔源岩浆分离结晶的产物、下地壳岩石部分熔融残余和地壳分异过程中下沉的镁铁质块体,构成了加厚下地壳.随着造山岩石圈的冷却和加厚下地壳重力不稳定性的增加,岩石圈拆沉作用触发了后碰撞斑岩型岩浆活动.与此相应,碰撞造山带斑岩型矿床可以形成于同碰撞和后碰撞两个不同的构造阶段.同碰撞成矿作用发生于岩基带形成时期,成矿物质主要来自于底侵幔源岩浆及更深部的含矿流体,其触发机制是俯冲板片的断离.后碰撞成矿作用发生于加厚下地壳冷却之后,成矿物质主要来自于新生矿源层和更深部的含矿流体,其触发机制为岩石圈拆沉作用.在同碰撞构造阶段,伴随着幔源岩浆的底侵作用,深部流体和幔源岩浆所含的成矿物质被注入到岩基岩浆中,与从岩基岩浆源区萃取的成矿物质汇聚在一起,一部分受岩基热的驱使上升成矿.由于流体中成矿元素的浓度强烈依赖于压力,另一部分成矿元素则滞留在难熔残余中形成新的矿源层.当发生岩石圈拆沉作用时,由此矿源层部分熔融形成的斑岩岩浆将相对富含成矿物质,导致碰撞造山带第二次成矿作用大爆发. 相似文献
11.
榴辉岩的地震波性质：对苏鲁超高压变质带地壳成分和折返机制的探讨 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
本文总结了榴辉岩的高温高压弹性波速测量结果,并将其应用于苏鲁超高压变质带地震资料的解释。由于榴辉岩具有高密度和高波速,它们和长英质片麻岩、大理岩、石英岩、角闪岩、麻粒岩、蛇纹石化橄榄岩的界面可以产生强反射。如果俯冲的陆壳物质以榴辉岩与围岩互层的形式在上地幔保留下来,就可能在造山带的上地幔产生地震反射。根据CCSD孔区地震剖面所建立的地壳成分模型表明:苏鲁超高压带地壳浅部的高速层可归因于夹在花岗质片麻岩、副片麻岩、角闪岩等岩石中的榴辉岩和超基性岩;中地壳主要由中酸性片麻岩、斜长角闪岩和副片麻岩组成;下地壳以中基性麻粒岩为主。在该超高压变质带现今的深部地壳,榴辉岩含量很少或几乎没有。因此,折返的超高压变质岩是以构造岩片的形式沿一系列剪切带逆冲并覆盖在正常的中下地壳之上,深部榴辉岩的缺乏可能与下地壳拆沉作用无关。 相似文献
12.
We have measured both P- and S-wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and Poisson's ratios (υ) of 60 typical ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rock samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main and pre-pilot holes and surface outcrops in the Sulu–Dabie orogenic belt at hydrostatic confining pressures up to 850 MPa. The experimental results, together with those compiled in Handbook of Seismic Properties of Minerals, Rocks and Ores [ Ji, S.C., Wang, Q., Xia, B., 2002. Handbook of Seismic Properties of Minerals, Rocks and Ores. Polytechnic International Press, Montreal, 630 pp.], reveal that except for monomineralic rocks such as quartzite, serpentinite, anorthosite, limestone, and marble the rest of the rock types have Poisson's ratios falling along an upward convex curve determined from the correlations between elastic moduli and density. Poisson's ratios increase with density as the lithology changes from granite, felsic gneiss and schist, through diorite–syenite, intermediate gneiss and metasediment, to gabbro–diabase, amphibolite, and mafic gneiss, and then decrease as the rocks become ultramafic in composition. Eclogite has a higher density but a lower Poisson's ratio than peridotite. The results were applied to constrain the crustal composition and tectonic evolution of the Chinese continental crust based on crustal thickness (H) and Poisson's ratio (υ) from 248 broadband seismic stations, measured using teleseismic receiver function techniques. The North China, Yangtze, South China and Northeast China blocks and Songpan–Ganzi Terrane are dominated by low (υ < 0.26) and moderate (0.26 ≤ υ < 0.28) υ values (> 70%), suggesting the dominance of felsic composition in the crust. The Lhasa terrane, Qiangtang terrane, and Indochina block are characterized by high proportions (33–42%) of measurements with very high υ values (≥ 0.30 and H is found for the South China block, Northeast block, Lhasa block, Qiangtang terrane and Indochina block, indicating either tectonic thickening of the felsic upper and middle crust by folding and thrusting or the removal of mafic layers from the lower crust into the upper mantle by delamination. 相似文献
13.
Crustal Composition of China Continent Constrained from Heat Flow Data and Helium Isotope Ratio of Underground Fluid 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and helium isotope ratio of underground fluid, the heat productions of different tectonic units in China continent are estimated in range of 0.58–1.12 μW/m3 with a median of 0.85 μW/m3. Accordingly, the contents of U, Th and K2O in China crust are in ranges of 0.83–1.76 μg/g, 3.16–6.69 μg/g, and 1.0%–2.12%, respectively. These results indicate that the abundance of radioactive elements in the crust of China continent is much higher than that of Archean crust; and this fact implies China’s continental crust is much evolved in chemical composition. Meanwhile, significant lateral variation of crustal composition is also exhibited among different tectonic units in China continent. The crust of eastern China is much enriched in incompatible elements such as U, Th and K than that of western China; and the crust of orogenic belts is more enriched than that of platform regions. It can also be inferred that the crusts of eastern China and orogenic belts are much felsic than those of western China and platform regions, respectively, derived from the positive correlation between the heat production and SiO2 content of bulk crust. This deduction is consistent with the results derived from the crustal seismic velocity data in China. According to the facts of the lower seismic velocity of China than the average value of global crust, and the higher heat production of China continent compared with global crust composition models published by previous studies, it is deduced that the average composition models of global continent crust by Rudnick and Fountain (1995), Rudnick and Gao (2003), Weaver and Tarney (1984), Shaw et al. (1986), and Wedepohl (1995) overestimate the abundance of incompatible elements such as U, Th and K of continental crust. 相似文献
14.
We investigate the thermo-mechanical properties beneath the young orogenic belt of Taiwan by constructing a shear strength profile from a vertical stratified rheological structure. The stratified rheological structure is estimated based on the recently developed thermal structure and its likely composition. Subduction–collision in the young orogenic belts and the thick accretionary wedge make a significant contribution to the growth of sialic crust in the hinterland. The sialic bulk crust not only results in a low seismic velocity but also produces weak crust in the hinterland. The earthquake depth–frequency distribution in the foreland and hinterland correlates very well with the regimes of the brittle/ductile transition revealed in the strength profile. Our results show that the observed two-layer seismicity in the foreland is due to a moderate geotherm and an intermediate mafic bulk composition; while single-layer seismicity in the hinterland is due to its felsic bulk composition. In the foreland, the mechanically strong crust (MSC) and the mechanically strong lithosphere (MSL) coincide with frequent seismicity. The shallow MSC in the hinterland is consistent with the 20- to 25-km seismicity occurring there. The total lithospheric integrated strength (LIS) in the hinterland is only about half of that in the foreland, suggesting a weak lower crust and lithosphere mantle in the hinterland. The results confirm that the earthquake cutoff depth is a proxy for temperature. The calculated decrease of effective elastic thickness (EET) from the orogenic margin (foreland) to the center (hinterland) is consistent with the results of flexure modeling in most orogenic belts. Due to the weak LIS in the hinterland, crustal thinning and rifting may occur in the future. Our results, thus, suggest that the mechanical structure is also closely related to the composition and is not directly reflected in the thermal structure. 相似文献
15.
Magmatic arcs are thought to be the primary sites of modern-day continental crustal growth, and arc crustal sections provide an exceptional opportunity to directly observe the geological processes that occur there, yet few deeply exposed arc sections are available for direct study. The Gangdese magmatic arc, southern Tibet, formed during the Mesozoic subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere and Cenozoic collision between the Indian and Asian continents, and represent juvenile continental crust. However, the petrological components and compositions of the lower crust of the Gangdese arc remain unknown. Based on detailed geological mapping, we conducted a systemic geochemical, geochronological and zircon Hf isotopic study of well-exposed high-grade metamorphic and migmatitic rocks from the lower crust of the eastern Gangdese arc. The results obtained show that Late Cretaceous garnet amphibolites, dioritic and granitic gneisses, and Paleocene–Eocene garnet amphibolites and granitic gneisses are the main components of the Gangdese lower arc crust. These meta-intrusive rocks witnessed a long period of magmatic, and metamorphic and anatectic processes from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Eocene, and have chemical compositions that range from ultramafic to felsic, with an average SiO2 content of 57.61 wt% and Mg# value of 0.49. These new data indicate firstly that the Gangdese lower arc crust has an overall intermediate composition and typical feature of juvenile crusts, and therefore supports the recent proposition that continental lower crusts are relatively felsic in composition, instead of mafic. We consider that the downward transport of felsic intrusives and associated sedimentary rocks into the deep crustal levels and subsequent partial melting resulted in componential and compositional changes of the Gangdese arc lower crust over time. This is a potential key mechanism in transforming primary lower arc crust to mature continental lower crust for the magmatic arcs with a complete growth history. 相似文献
16.
下地壳拆沉作用及大陆地壳演化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
讨论了下地壳拆沉作用的地球化学示踪方法,并以近来对秦岭－大别造山带和美国西部内华达岩基地区的研究成果为例,说明了下地壳拆沉在两地区壳－幔演化方面可能起的重要作用。 相似文献
17.
Mafic and intermediate granulite xenoliths, collected from Cenozoic alkali basalts, provide samples of the lower crust in western Saudi Arabia. The xenoliths are metaigneous two-pyroxene and garnet granulites. Mineral and whole rock compositions are inconsistent with origin from Red Sea rift-related basalts, and are compatible with origin from island arc calc-alkaline and low-potassium tholeiitic basalts. Most of the samples are either cumulates from mafic magmas or are restites remaining after partial melting of intermediate rocks and extraction of a felsic liquid. Initial87Sr/86Sr ratios are less than 0.7032, except for two samples at 0.7049. The Sm-Nd data yield TDM model ages of 0.64 to 1.02 Ga, similar to typical Arabian-Nubian Shield upper continental crust. The isotopic data indicate that the granulites formed from mantle-derived magmas with little or no contamination by older continent crust. Calculated temperatures and pressures of last reequilibration of the xenoliths show that they are derived from the lower crust. Calculated depths of origin and calculated seismic velocities for the xenoliths are in excellent agreement with the crustal structure model of Gettings et al. (1986) based on geophysical data from western Saudi Arabia. Estimation of mean lower crustal composition, using the granulite xenoliths and the Gettings et al. (1986) crustal model, suggests a remarkably homogeneous mafic lower crust, and an andesite or basaltic andesite bulk composition for Pan-African juvenile continental crust. 相似文献
18.
大别造山带广泛分布着与造山作用有关的中生代花岗岩类,这些花岗岩类是研究造山带深部地壳物质组成、结构以及壳‒幔相互作用机制的重要窗口。目前对北大别晚中生代花岗岩类的研究主要集中于其北部,其南部晚中生代岩浆作用的研究相对薄弱。本研究对北大别南部两路口钨(钼)矿区的岩脉(株)进行了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学研究,以反演北大别造山带深部物质组成、燕山期岩浆作用时限及背景、岩浆物质来源及演化过程。锆石U-Pb定年表明,所有岩浆岩(辉绿岩、闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩、黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩)的侵位年龄值集中于133~129 Ma,在误差范围内基本一致,表明这些岩浆岩几乎同时侵位。地球化学研究表明,黑云母花岗岩和闪长(玢)岩类的主量元素Fe2O3 T、MgO、TiO2、CaO和P2O5,以及微量元素V、Sm+Eu和Eu/Eu*与SiO2均呈较好的负相关关系。结合黑云母花岗岩与闪长(玢)岩类较为一致的Sr-Nd同位素(分别为(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706492~0.707426,εNd(t)=−15.2~−16.0;(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706520~0.707916,εNd(t)=−19.9~−13.0)特征,说明它们可能具有相似的源区。另外,Hf同位素研究表明,辉绿岩、闪长玢岩和黑云母花岗岩具有几乎一致的Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)值分别为−23.1~−20.8、−22.6~−19.4和−21.6~−17.1;tDM2范围分别为2.5~2.6 Ga、2.4~2.6 Ga和2.3~2.5 Ga)。这进一步表明,两路口钨(钼)矿区的岩浆岩为同源岩浆演化的产物,其源区很可能来自于受俯冲熔体/流体交代形成的富集地幔的熔融。两路口钨(钼)矿区广泛出露的约130 Ma的基‒中‒酸性岩浆岩表明北大别南部存在隐伏燕山期岩浆作用,为壳‒幔相互作用的产物。壳‒幔相互作用机制可能与晚中生代古太平洋板块向东亚大陆边缘俯冲有关。 相似文献
19.
Oliver E. Jagoutz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,160(3):359-381
Results of simple model calculations that integrate cumulate compositions from the Kohistan arc terrain are presented in order
to develop a consistent petrogenetic model to explain the Kohistan island arc granitoids. The model allows a quantitative
approximation of the possible relative roles of fractional crystallization and assimilation to explain the silica-rich upper
crust composition of oceanic arcs. Depending in detail on the parental magma composition hydrous moderate-to-high pressure
fractional crystallization in the lower crust/upper mantle is an adequate upper continental crust forming mechanism in terms
of volume and compositions. Accordingly, assimilation and partial melting in the lower crust is not per se a necessary process
to explain island arc granitoids. However, deriving few percent of melts using low degree of dehydration melting is a crucial
process to produce volumetrically important amounts of upper continental crust from silica-poorer parental magmas. Even though
the model can explain the silica-rich upper crustal composition of the Kohistan, the fractionation model does not predict
the accepted composition of the bulk continental crust. This finding supports the idea that additional crustal refining mechanism
(e.g., delamination of lower crustal rocks) and/or non-cogenetic magmatic process were critical to create the bulk continental
crust composition. 相似文献
20.
中生代苏—鲁活动大陆边缘榴辉岩、煌斑岩、金矿及富集地幔间的成因联系 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
海西期末形成的初始欧亚板块，从三叠纪（250Ma)开始，便与古太平洋板块－太平洋板块发生强烈的挤压碰撞作用和俯冲作用，及由此引起的远距离效应使中国广大的东部地区从中生代开始成为活动大陆边缘，俯冲作用及构造环境的演化是控制胶东地体等大多数中生代榴0辉岩等变质岩类，花岗岩类，火山岩类，煌斑岩类以及金等矿床形成和使它们出露地表的重要因素，胶东地体中富钾的钙－碱性煌斑岩类的特征与其它活动大陆边缘和造山带中金矿有关的煌斑岩很相似，例如呈脉状产出，晚期侵位，强烈的自变质，富含大离子亲石元素（LILE）和挥发分，高的金含量，高的LREE／HREE和^87Sr/^86Sr比值，低的^143Nd/^144Nd比值，与花岗岩类，橄榄安粗岩，酸性脉岩以及热液金矿床的密切共生及它们这间与富集地幔楔的成因联系等，这些都表明它们与板块或板片俯冲过程中的去气，去碱，去ILE作用或壳－幔物质交换作用及由此形成的富集地幔楔有着紧密的联系。 相似文献