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1.
The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin combines features of a shallow‐water (mostly < 100 m) epicontinental seaway formed during a global transgression with those of a tectonically active, transtensional setting. The basin formed under a greenhouse climate and was affected by strong axial currents. Dense well‐log coverage, combined with locally high‐quality exposures and biostratigraphic control, make it possible to examine in three dimensions the geometries of genetic sequences and interpret their controlling variables. Sand‐dominated deltas formed sequences at several spatial scales that reflect nested transgressive–regressive cycles with durations ranging from tens of thousands of years to millions of years. Progradation directions and distances, thicknesses and internal geometry of the individual sequences were controlled primarily by intrabasinal faulting, basin‐scale changes in subsidence rate, eustatic fluctuations and localized bathymetric changes due to successive filling of the basin. Along‐strike change in sediment input from different parts of the source area and a short‐lived uplift of a secondary clastic source provided additional controls on the sequence geometry. Efficient hypopycnal transport combined with redeposition of fine clastics in shallow water promoted development of steep slopes of sand‐dominated deltas while preventing downlap of muddy clinoforms; most of the suspended load became deposited downcurrent in subhorizontal or gently dipping bottomsets. Long‐term accommodation rates were low during the Early to Middle Turonian, with minor intrabasinal faulting, but became accelerated in the Late Turonian and Early Coniacian. This acceleration was caused at least partly by increased subsidence rate accompanied by structural partitioning of the depocentre and partly compensated by increased sediment input indicating increased uplift rates in the Western Sudetic Island source area. This event probably reflected an increase in the regional strain rate in Central Europe. The succession of two major flooding events in the Early Turonian and late Early Coniacian, separated by a low‐accommodation interval in the Middle Turonian, shows a close similarity to published estimates of long‐term eustatic curves. However, the eustatic component of accommodation rate in the Bohemian Late Turonian and Coniacian is difficult to separate from accelerated subsidence. In several cases, evidence for short‐term (100 kyr scale) forced regressions, independent of basinal structural activity, suggests small‐scale eustatic falls at rates which, as presently understood, cannot be explained other than by a glacio‐eustatic mechanism. 相似文献
2.
Norman H. Sleep 《Tectonophysics》1976,36(1-3)
The boundaries between major world-wide sequences of sediments on continental platforms are due primarily to either eustatic changes or to systematic uplift of the continental interior. If thermal contraction of the lithosphere controls basin subsidence, basins would continue to subside during times of low eustatic sea level. Calculations indicate that significant gaps in the geological record could be produced by modest eustatic sealevel changes even in rapidly subsiding basins. For example, a 95 m withdrawal could have produced the sub-Devonian unconformity in the Michigan Basin. The vertical amplitude of eustatic variations can be determined directly from the depth of paleotopographic valleys (135m for sub-Pennsylvanian of Illinois Basin) and from the present elevation of sediments deposited during highstands (300 m above present sea level). The Illinois Basin aparently continued to subside during the sub-Pennsylvanian regression. 相似文献
3.
INTRODUCTIONAfteralongperiodofevollltionfromepicontinentalseaviariftbasinandintercontinentalseatoanoceanicbasinduringMesozoic,theeastalsNeO--tetherchangedagainideanepicontinentalseainthelateStCretaCeous.Atca80Ma,thenorthwarddriftingoftheindianplatefindlyleadtothecontaCtandinitialcollisionoftheplatewiththeEUrasiancontinent,resultinginalargeamplitudeofsealevelfallandtheconsequentlowersealevelperiodinnorthernHimalayas(Shietal.,1995).DUringPalcogene,theseaareaswererestrictedinspacelargel… 相似文献
4.
中国东部晚第四纪海侵的新构造背景 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
中国东部沉降海岸及近海钻孔研究表明,第四纪大部分时间里,福建－岭南隆起带基本阻挡了海水大规模进入东海－黄海盆地,约在１６０ｋａ ＢＰ已有低海相性的海侵出现,但是自末次间冰期以来才开始发生大规模海侵,而此时青藏高原正以空前的速率隆升。 相似文献
5.
The ca 300 m thick Guaso system is the youngest part of the ca 4 km thick deep-marine fill of the Middle Eocene Ainsa basin, Spanish Pyrenees. It is overlain by 150 to 200 m of fine-grained slope, prodelta and deltaic sediments. The ca 25 discrete deep-marine sandbodies within the Ainsa basin accumulated over ca 10 Myr, making eustasy the most likely control for coarse sand deposition (probably the ca 400 kyr Milankovitch mode). The first-order control on basin-scale accommodation, however, was tectonically-driven subsidence. Previously, the Guaso sandbodies were interpreted as linked to deep erosional, canyon-like features, but here it is argued that they are laterally extensive sandbodies, built by lateral-switching of 3 to 10 m deep erosional channels, and confined only by basin structure during deposition. The Guaso system represents the end of deep-marine deposition in a structurally-confined, delta-fed, low-gradient clastic system. The critical end-signature of deep-marine deposition was a phase of differential tectonic uplift above the underlying (Boltaña) thrust creating a narrower and shallower basin morphology, thus allowing sedimentation to create a low-gradient clastic system. Then, the next eustatic sea-level fall was insufficient to permit the cutting of canyons or deeply-incised slope channels, as had been the case earlier when the topographic relief between shelf and basin was at least several hundred metres greater. Such low-gradient clastic systems may characterize the end-signature for the infill of other shallowing-up deep-marine basins where a tectonic driver on subsidence is removed and/or differential uplift/subsidence leads to reduced sea floor gradients, leaving eustasy and sediment flux as the principal control on sediment supply. 相似文献
6.
第四纪洞庭盆地赤山隆起与安乡凹陷升降运动的沉积记录 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过地表地质调查和钻井资料,对第四纪洞庭盆地南部赤山隆起及其西侧安乡凹陷的沉积和地貌特征进行研究,进而探讨二者的升降过程。赤山隆起为居于洞庭盆地南部的小型抬升断块,主要受东、西边界正断裂所控制,长约18 km,宽4~5 km。隆起内早更新世汨罗组和中更新世新开铺组、白沙井组组成多级阶地。安乡凹陷内充填200~300 m厚的河流和湖泊相沉积,自下而上依次为早更新世华田组、汨罗组,中更新世洞庭湖组,晚更新世坡头组,全新世湖积、冲积等。地貌与沉积特征表明,早更新世—中更新世中期赤山隆起总体表现出抬升期与稳定期交替的脉动式抬升,而安乡凹陷则表现出缓慢与快速沉降交替的幕式沉降特征;前者构造较稳定期和构造抬升期分别对应于后者缓慢沉降期和快速沉降期。中更新世晚期二者因区域构造反转而整体抬升并遭受剥蚀。晚更新世—全新世安乡凹陷在拗陷背景下接受沉积。上述第四纪早期赤山隆起脉动式抬升与安乡凹陷幕式沉降的对应关系,为洞庭盆地与周边隆起的盆—山耦合过程提供了约束,同时暗示盆地断陷活动可能与地幔上隆导致中地壳物质自凹陷向周边迁移有关。 相似文献
7.
加里东期上扬子区前陆盆地演化过程中的层序特征与地层划分 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
层序地层的主控因素包括全球海平面变化、构造沉降、气候、物源供给等方面 ,在不同性质的盆地内它们所起的作用大小不一 ,在前陆盆地中以构造沉降控制为主。上扬子区在加里东运动过程中形成前陆盆地 ,主要经历了三次挤压、挠曲沉降至松驰、抬升过程。一是中奥陶世至晚奥陶世临湘期 ,二是晚奥陶世五峰期至早志留世龙马溪期 ,三是早志留世石牛栏期至中志留世。在盆地演化过程中 ,由于前陆隆起露出水面 ,使物源供给方向和性质改变 ,造成隆后盆地沉积环境由开放变为半闭塞 ,由碳酸盐岩转变为碎屑岩沉积。以此重大的转换为界 ,将上扬子区的中奥陶统至中志留统划分为 2个二级层序 ,奥陶系—志留系界线放在第二个二级层序的最大海泛面之顶 ,也就是观音桥组的顶 ,此结果与岩石地层清理成果相一致。以海平面相对变化和沉积物的转变进一步划分成 4个三级层序 ,又根据三级层序的体系域的演化相应地划分出岩性组。因此将临湘组与宝塔组归并成宝塔组 ,体现了海水逐渐变浅、向上加积的过程 ,且它们间为一渐变过渡 ,在碳酸盐浅滩和盆地边缘之处 ,两者划分不开 ,为了便于填图与对比 ,将其划归在一起。由于观音桥组分布不稳定 ,五峰组与龙马溪组下部岩性相似 ,为了油气的评价和填图的可操作性 ,将五峰组、观音桥组、龙马? 相似文献
8.
构造沉降作为盆地成因研究中的重要组成部分,对其特征进行分析有助于盆地成因的解析。本次通过对鄂尔多斯盆地内5口典型探井的多期不整合所代表的的剥蚀厚度进行恢复,结合去压实矫正模型以及平均密度、平均古水深等参数的确定,较为精确地刻画出了鄂尔多斯盆地不同构造单元自早寒武世至今的构造沉降特征,同时结合裂谷盆地瞬时拉张模型、裂后热坳陷模型以及前陆盆地挠曲模型对构造沉降曲线进行了模拟,对盆地成因进行分析。鄂尔多斯盆地中寒武世—中生代末期主要由早古生代沉降旋回、二叠—三叠纪沉降旋回与侏罗—白垩纪沉降旋回组成。其中岩石圈热冷却作用引起的沉降贯穿全地质时期。早古生代沉降旋回中,中寒武世的加速沉降主要体现在盆地南部,沉降机制为岩石圈伸展减薄,中奥陶世马家期为全盆地尺度的加速沉降,沉降机制仍为岩石圈伸展减薄。二叠—三叠纪沉降旋回中,晚二叠世—早-中三叠世为该旋回的加速沉降期,该期加速沉降具有多幕裂陷的特征。侏罗—白垩纪沉降旋回中,中侏罗世盆地南部处于缓慢沉降期,沉降机制为岩石圈热冷却作用,晚侏罗世—早白垩世,除伊盟隆起,盆地整体处于加速沉降期,沉降机制为前陆盆地引起的挠曲沉降。 相似文献
9.
Katalin Báldi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(1):119-142
Benthic foraminifera and stable isotopes analyses revealed changes emerging in the paleoceanographic scenery in the Paratethys.
The percentage of inbenthic, oxyphylic taxa and diversity in the benthic foraminiferal assemblage showed increasing food supply
(organic matter), decreasing oxygen level and growing stress on the sea floor. Oxygen isotopes measured in planktonic and
benthic foraminifera pointed to strengthening stratification during the Badenian period. The carbon isotopes indicated intensified
accumulation of light marine organic matter. This increasing stratification trend is especially pronounced by Late Badenian
(13.5–13 Ma) when surface water oxygen isotope values are rather negative. A simple two-layer circulation model was worked
out for the Badenian Paratethys explaining these characteristic environmental changes. An antiestuarine (lagoonal) circulation is assumed for the Central Paratethys during the Early (16.4–15 Ma) and mid Badenian (15–13.5 Ma). The mid Badenian
period of time comprises the short episode of evaporite formation in the Carpathian Foredeep and the Transylvanian Basin.
Evidence presented here supported a reversal of circulation to estuarine type after the deposition of salts by Late Badenian (13.5–13 Ma). The Early Badenian antiestuarine circulation is suggested
to associate with the high temperatures of the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, and the Late Badenian estuarine circulation with
the cooler period following it. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT The Upper Triassic platform-margin deposits of the Carnian Prealps fail to show the succession of the two global sea-level lowerings predicted for the Norian and Rhaetian by the Haq global sea-level curve. In both cases a relative sea-level rise occurs, a discrepancy that can be explained by an increase in tectonically controlled subsidence, a consequence of the plate-scale rifting in the NW Tethys Gulf preceding oceanic spreading in the Jurassic. Pulses of tectonic subsidence followed by relative quiescence are capable of generating depositional sequences similar in gross geometry and duration to the third-order eustatic cycles of Haq et al . The Late Triassic part of the Exxon global sea-level curve, partly derived from correlatable strata within the same palaeogeographical domain, is likely to reflect pulses of tectonically induced subsidence rather than eustatic sea-level changes. 相似文献
11.
Cenozoic continental rifting in southern East Siberia and northern Mongolia has been associated with subsidence and broadening of rift basins at the account of their mountain borders. This neotectonic trend is, however, superposed with continuous or periodic tectonic inversions in which the basin floor may uplift while marginal fault steps and saddles between basins may subside. Cenozoic geomorphic inversions are expressed in changes of river flow out of Lake Baikal. 相似文献
12.
All available bathymetric criteria (lithology, sedimentary structures, fossil orientation, current features benthos, and trace fossils) are used to reconstruct the sedimentary history and the crustal movements of the Oslo district during Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian times. Two phases of basin development and crustal subsidence are recognized, separated by an episode of crustal rest or uplift that resulted in the deposition of shallow marine and conglomeratic sediments at the close of Ordovician times. 相似文献
13.
J.F. Sweeney 《Tectonophysics》1976,36(1-3)
Sverdrup Basin underwent three periods of sudden and pronounced increases in rates of subsidence, beginning about 330, 225 and 124 m.y. ago. Subsidence curves indicate that initial high rates of subsidence (up to 11 cm/1000 year) decreased steadily for up to 100 m.y. until interrupted by the next sudden return to rapid subsidence. When the center of the basin was rapidly subsiding, areas adjacent to the basin were midly uplifting. The uplifted region expanded inward over a period 10–30 m.y. to include basin marginal zones thereby tending to shrink the area of active subsidence. Most of the observed record of basin subsidence (at least 70%) probably resulted from lithospheric response to loading of an initial depression. For most of basin history, deduced subsidence and peripheral uplift relations, together with the pattern of exponential decay constants determined from subsidence curves, are consistent with the loading response of a lithosphere modelled as a viscoelastic beam. 相似文献
14.
利用综合地球物理资料研究大庆探区外围绥芬河七星镇剖面构造特征及油气远景 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过分析绥芬河-七星镇(简称DB3) 地球物理剖面的位场异常和一阶导数特征, 在波数域利用重力归一化总梯度及相位法进行计算并划分出12条主要断裂。利用频率域的线性反演法计算了盆地基底深度, 并划分出绥阳隆起、敦密断陷、穆棱隆起、鸡西盆地、那丹哈达隆起、勃利盆地、七台河隆起、北兴坳陷和七星镇隆起区, 剖面的重力基底深度为0.9～3.8 km。综合重力和大地电磁测深结果对剖面的9个构造分区进行分析, 并推断敦密断陷内部、鸡西盆地中部和勃利盆地南部分布有3 个油气远景区。 相似文献
15.
Doris Reischenbacher Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(2):517-543
The Miocene Lavanttal Basin formed in the Eastern Alps during extrusion of crustal blocks towards the east. In contrast to basins, which formed contemporaneously along the strike-slip faults of the Noric Depression and on top of the moving blocks (Styrian Basin), little is known about the Lavanttal Basin. In this paper geophysical, sedimentological, and structural data are used to study structure and evolution of the Lavanttal Basin. The eastern margin of the 2-km-deep basin is formed by the WNW trending Koralm Fault. The geometry of the gently dipping western basin flank shows that the present-day basin is only a remnant of a former significantly larger basin. Late Early (Karpatian) and early Middle Miocene (Badenian) pull-apart phases initiated basin formation and deposition of thick fluvial (Granitztal Beds), lacustrine, and marine (Mühldorf Fm.) sediments. The Mühldorf Fm. represents the Lower Badenian cycle TB2.4. Another flooding event caused brackish environments in late Middle Miocene (Early Sarmatian) time, whereas freshwater environments existed in Late Sarmatian time. The coal-bearing Sarmatian succession is subdivided into four fourth-order sequences. The number of sequences suggests that the effect of tectonic subsidence was overruled by sea-level fluctuations during Sarmatian time. Increased relief energy caused by Early Pannonian pull-apart activity initiated deposition of thick fluvial sediments. The present-day shape of the basin is a result of young (Plio-/Pleistocene) basin inversion. In contrast to the multi-stage Lavanttal Basin, basins along the Noric Depression show a single-stage history. Similarities between the Lavanttal and Styrian basins exist in Early Badenian and Early Sarmatian times. 相似文献
16.
MATTI ERONEN GUNNAR GLUCKERT LASSI HATAKKA ORSON VAN DE PLASSCHE JOHANNES VAN DER PLICHT PASI RANTALA 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2001,30(1):17-30
Southwestern Finland was covered by the Weichselian ice sheet and experienced rapid glacio-isostatic rebound after early Holocene deglaciation. The present mean overall apparent uplift rate is of the order of 4-5 mm/yr, but immediately after deglaciation the rate of crustal rebound was several times higher. Concurrently with land uplift, relative sea level in the Baltic basin during the past more than 8000 years was also strongly affected by the eustatic changes in sea level. There is ample evidence from earlier studies that during the early Litorina Sea stage on the southeastern coast of Finland around 7000 yr BP (7800 cal. yr BP), the rise in sea level exceeded the rate of land uplift, resulting in a short-lived transgression. Because of a higher rate of uplift, the transgression was even more short-lived or of negligible magnitude in the southwestern part of coastal Finland, but even in this latter case a slowing down in the rate of regression can still be detected. We used evidence from isolation basins to obtain a set of 71 14C dates, and over 30 new sea-level index points. The age-elevation data, obtained from lakes in two different areas and located between c. 64 m and 1.5 m above present sea level, display a high degree of internal consistency. This suggests that the dates are reliable, even though most of them were based on bulk sediment samples. The two relative sea-level curves confirm the established model of relatively gradually decreasing rates of relative sea-level lowering since c. 6100 yr BP (7000 cal. yr BP) and clearly indicate that the more northerly of the two study areas experienced the higher rate of glacio-isostatic recovery. In the southerly study area, changes in diatom assemblages and lithostratigraphy suggest that during the early Litorina Sea stage (8300-7600 cal. yr BP) eustatic sea-level rise exceeded land uplift for hundreds of years. Evidence for this transgression was discovered in a lake with a basin threshold at an elevation of 41 m above sea level, which is markedly higher than any previously known site with evidence for the Litorina transgression in Finland. We also discuss evidence for subsequent short-term fluctuations superimposed on the main trends of relative sea-level changes. 相似文献
17.
Yongtai Yang 《Sedimentary Geology》2011,233(1-4):15-27
It is shown that the middle Cretaceous succession in the northern Cordilleran foreland basin consists of several-million-year tectonically-driven cycles comprising two components: strata deposited in an underfilled basin with a prominent forebulge zone and strata deposited in an overfilled basin lacking evidence of a forebulge. The episodic thrusting of the Cordilleran orogenic wedge and its rich sediment supply to the basin are two main controlling factors for the formation of these cycles. A qualitative model of several-million-year tectonically-driven underfilled–overfilled cycle for migration and stratigraphic fill in this basin is proposed. During the early underfilled period (orogenic loading period), due to orogenic loading of emplaced thrust sheets, flexural subsidence is created in the region proximal to the mountain belt and a prominent forebulge is developed. During the late underfilled period (early orogenic unloading period), as the cratonward migration of the subsidence center of sediment loading in the foredeep zone, forebulge zones and backbulge zones migrate cratonwards, forming a diachronic erosion surface in the central basin. During the overfilled period (late orogenic unloading period), a prominent erosion forms in the proximal basin and a peripheral sag develops above the forebulge area of the previous underfilled period. This model may provide a pattern to subdivide sedimentary successions in the Cordilleran foreland basin. Using this model, alternative interpretations are suggested for some important, but controversial stratigraphic phenomena in the Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin: traditionally defined eustatic highstands, wide sedimentation area of the basin, erosion surfaces and widespread subtle topographic uplifts in the central basin, high-frequency coarsening-up cycles, extensively distributed erosive-based sandstones and conglomerates enclosed in marine mudstones. 相似文献
18.
Stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary basin induced by mantle diapiric upwelling and eustatic event 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary basin provides important constraints on the rheological structure of the upper mantle and the crust, eustatic events and tectonic movements. In this study, we examined the convective coupling between the uppermost mantle and ductile lower crust as a formation mechanism of sedimentary basins. In this mechanism, the lower crust is squeezed by the upper mantle flow associated with mantle diapiric upwelling, resulting in the surface subsidence and formation of sedimentary basin. We investigated the stratigraphic architecture by taking into account the horizontal migration of the upwelling in time and spatial domains. The sedimentary basin is characterized by both the thickness and formation period for its gross feature and the sequence stratigraphy. The decay of the upwelling causes the surface uplift, and some parts of sediments deposited during the surface subsidence are consequently eroded. The subsidence area moves as the activity of upwelling horizontally migrates, resulting in the formation of unconformity for the uplifted and eroded area over the previous upwelling. We also incorporated the effects of third order eustasy, with amplitude of 100 m and period of 1 Myr, into convective coupling model. An application of our model to Karatsu-Sasebo coalfield in the Tertiary of the northwest Kyushu, Japan, indicates that the stratigraphic architecture of sedimentary basin including two effects, i.e. convective coupling and eustasy, may provide important information about the viscosity structure of the lower crust and uppermost mantle and spatio-temporal growth and decay histories of the mantle diapiric upwelling. 相似文献
19.
碳酸盐岩(台地)的消亡是沉积学研究的前沿和热点科学问题。南海东北部珠江口盆地东沙隆起所发育的下中新统珠江组碳酸盐岩是我国海相碳酸盐岩的最高层位,东沙台地珠江组碳酸盐岩的生长、繁盛和消亡过程提供了中国南海乃至世界范围内一个典型的受构造、海平面变化和物源共同控制的研究实例。依据采自钻井岩心钙质超微化石和浮游有孔虫化石带将珠江组的上界置于钙质超微化石带NN4与NN5的界线,即中、下中新统界线,下界置于浮游有孔虫N4的底部附近,即位于中新统与渐新统界线。有孔虫属为N4-N8带,钙质超微化石为NN2-NN4带,底界年龄为23.03Ma,顶界年龄为15.97Ma,地震反射上位于T40-T60之间。而其中碳酸盐岩地层最早于21Ma左右开始生长,最晚于16.5Ma被泥岩淹没。早期的东沙隆起北低南高,21Ma以后,东沙隆起沉降而丧失了向珠一凹陷提供物源的功能,沉降较快的东沙隆起北北部地区发育碳酸盐岩;初期为一套碳酸岩缓坡沉积,20Ma以后隆起整体被淹没,开始了大规模的碳酸盐岩建造,实现了由碳酸盐岩缓坡向台地的转变,随沉降向南推移,隆起逐渐转变为北高南低,整个碳酸盐岩台地持续向东南方向退缩,台地沉积逐渐萎缩为局部礁滩复合体,北部古地貌的高部位残存零星点礁;16.5Ma以后,沉降中心向珠二凹陷迁移,北部、北西部碎屑物质持续向东沙隆起前积导致台地消亡。结合珠江组沉积时期的地质事件的分析,本文认为早期碳酸盐岩的消亡是由于这一时期的全球海平面下降到最低位,引起区域上的物源供给加快,灰岩直接被北部沉积物退覆淹没所致;20±0.5Ma~18.3±0.5Ma的碳酸盐岩的消亡时间受制于沉降造成的相对海平面的变化,基底的火山作用及沉降中心的迁移等事件,最晚一期碳酸盐岩(流花地区碳酸盐岩)的消亡应该是构造反转后,北部物源对凹陷的持续填平补齐作用引起碳酸盐岩的生长环境变化所致。由此看,陆源碎屑的注入、沉降中心的迁移、相对海平面的升降及原始古地貌形态是碳酸盐岩生长发育及消亡的主要控制因素。 相似文献
20.
克拉通边缘前陆盆地动力层序地层学 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过近几年对层序地层学的深入研究，尤其是对上扬子地台西缘中三叠世拉丁期末和晚三叠世卡尼期周缘前陆盆地层序地层学的研究，提出了动力层序地层学，将边缘前陆盆地由盆缘逆冲断块向克拉通稳定边缘分为Ａ区带和Ｂ区带。 相似文献