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巴丹吉林沙漠以湖泊众多和沙山高大而闻名于世.到目前为止, 关于湖泊和沙山的成因问题尚存在不同的观点.实际上, 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊和沙山的形成与该地区地下水的循环交替问题直接相关.参照前人研究成果, 结合开展的巴丹吉林沙漠水文地质调查, 探讨了湖泊和沙山的形成问题, 初步认为巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊主要接受来自东部雅布赖山区区域地下水侧向补给和沙山地下水补给而形成; 高大沙山的形成与降水和地下水关系密切; 高大沙山与湖泊的形成和共存关系是先有沙山, 而后才形成湖泊, 沙山是形成巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊的必备条件. 相似文献
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再论巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式与高大沙山的形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据已有研究成果和最新调查资料, 在综述沙漠湖泊与高大沙山研究进展及存在问题的基础上, 深入探讨了巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式及高大沙山的形成机理. 结果认为, 沙漠湖泊水和地下水的补给来源不是当地降水和周边雅布赖山-北大山的降水形成的地表洪水, 而是南部青藏高原(包括祁连山)现代大气降水、冰雪融水、高原湖水的远源补给. 补给模式为高原富含CO2气体和CaCO3的入渗水, 通过深大导水断裂通道形成的区域地下水流循环系统, 源源不断地自南向北运移到沙漠地带, 地下水在通过沙漠湖泊区弧形"叠瓦状"垂向导水构造断裂向上越流过程中被广泛分布的岩浆岩加热, 沿断层溢出地表形成湖泊群, 同时导致水中CO2的释放和CaCO3的沉积, 形成钙华体. 高大沙山的形成机理是深层地下热水向上越流补给了沙漠覆盖区, 在承压水头以下形成鼓丘状的沙漠地下水, 承压水头以上, 水蒸汽继续向上运移并被凝结在沙粒表面, 未被吸附凝结的热水蒸汽继续向上运移并被吸附在新沉积的沙粒表面, 形成湿砂层并接受更新的沙粒沉积, 如此反复循环, 则沙丘高度不断增加, 逐步形成高大的固定沙山. 相似文献
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依据前人研究成果和最新调查测试资料,深入探讨了巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式及高大沙山的形成机理。认为沙漠湖泊水和地下水的补给来源不是当地降水和周边雅布赖山—北大山的降水形成的地表洪水,而是南部青藏高原(包括祁连山)现代大气降水、冰雪融水、高原湖水的远源补给。补给模式为:高原富含CO2气体和Ca CO3的入渗水,通过深大导水断裂通道形成的区域地下水流循环系统,源源不断地自南向北运移到沙漠地带。地下水在通过沙漠湖泊区弧形"叠瓦状"垂向导水构造断裂向上越流过程中被广泛分布的岩浆岩加热,沿断层溢出地表形成湖泊群,同时导致水中CO2的释放和Ca CO3的沉积,形成钙华、钙质根管和钙质胶结层。高大沙山的形成机理是:深层地下热水向上越流补给了沙漠覆盖区,在承压水头以下形成鼓丘状的沙漠地下水,承压水头以上,水蒸气继续向上运移并被凝结在沙粒表面,未被吸附凝结的热水蒸气继续向上运移并被吸附在新沉积的沙粒表面,形成湿砂层并接受更新的沙粒沉积。如此反复循环,则沙丘高度不断增加,逐步形成高大的固定沙山。 相似文献
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中亚造山带东段内蒙古中部地区一直是地球内部动力学和全球变化研究的热点地区。鉴于该地区的构造在理解中亚造山带的形成过程中起着重要作用,因此对该地区构造的研究具有重要意义。本文收集了中亚造山带东段一条长364 km的大地电磁测深(MT)剖面数据,该剖面西北起于内蒙古东乌旗内的国境线附近,向东南延伸,穿过北部造山带、索伦缝合带、南部造山带,在内蒙古翁牛特旗以西约30 km附近终止。根据数据的分析结果,对该剖面进行了二维反演。结果表明,剖面区段内岩石圈电性结构沿南北方向上整体表现为横向分块的特征。其中,北部造山带整体上以低阻为主要特征;索伦缝合带是整个剖面电性特征从低阻到高阻的过渡区;南部造山带整体上以高阻为主要特征。北部造山带的低阻特征表明该区域是不稳定的,可能是由古亚洲洋闭合后残留洋壳或者软流圈上升流引起的。索伦缝合带的电性结构特征表明该区域可能在缝合之后还发生了新的构造事件。南部造山带的高阻特征表明该区域基底是稳定的、“冷”的,且流体含量很低,电性结构的几何特征反映了该区域增厚的岩石圈。剖面所经过区域的电性结构特征表明,在西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞缝合之后研究区内可能还发生了诸如软流圈流... 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠地区钙质胶结层的发现及其古气候意义 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
前人的考察研究表明,位于阿拉善高原西部的巴丹吉林沙漠是我国的第三大沙漠,面积近50000kin’。该沙漠的突出特征是高大沙山密集分布,200～300m高的抄丘常见,个别沙山可达500m。整个沙漠地区以流动沙丘为主,沙丘上出现稀疏的喜砂植物。高大沙丘之间有封闭的小湖泊,特别在沙漠的东南部地区湖泊集中分布。但从地理位置来讲,本地区离东南季风的北缘较近,又处于全球西风环流的纬度上。为什么这里的沙丘如此高大,沙漠中的湖泊形成的原因是什么？这样一个流动沙丘密集的沙漠在第四纪曾经历了哪些变化？为了进一步摸清该沙漠的自然地理特征,探索中亚干旱地区对全球变化的响应等问题,朱震达、JuergenHocverma 相似文献
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为了研究班公湖-怒江缝合带的壳幔电性结构及构造特征,并为其俯冲极性提供电性约束,对青藏高原中部申扎-双湖大地电磁测深剖面进行全面数据处理分析,获得了可靠的二维电性结构模型,研究表明:沿剖面上地壳分布的是规模不等的高阻体,底面埋深在10~25 km变化,高阻层之下发现由不连续的高导体构成的中下地壳高导层.通过对电性结构的分析,认为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋的俯冲消亡极性可能是双向的,随后拉萨-羌塘地体碰撞带处的上地壳高阻体发生拆沉,以上两次动力学事件可能共同作用于缝合带处的壳幔高导体,同时北拉萨地体的壳幔高导体还可能体现了构造作用、岩浆活动和成矿作用之间的关系. 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠地下水与湖泊的相互作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
巴丹吉林沙漠以其独特的沙丘湖泊景观而受到关注。地下水对湖泊的强烈蒸散耗水起到了支撑作用,而湖泊群的存在反过来也会影响该沙漠的区域地下水循环模式。在区域尺度上,银根-额济纳旗中生代盆地对巴丹吉林沙漠的水文地质特征具有控制作用。通过水文地质调查和典型湖泊的综合观测,表明沙漠湖水的年蒸发量可以达到1 200~1 550 mm,盐湖形成时间达到千年尺度,本地降水入渗形成的浅层地下水和来自沙漠周边地区的深层地下水对湖水都有贡献。地下水总体上自东向西流动并受到湖泊群的干扰,形成了局部地下水系统与区域地下水系统的嵌套结构。越靠近沙漠东侧,区域侧向径流对湖泊的补给贡献越大,反之则浅层地下水循环对湖泊的补给贡献更大。 相似文献
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ZHANG Zuo-xin YANG Shang-hua YANG Zhong-xi YANG Guang-jin PEI Zhong TIAN Ya-jing TIAN She .Jilin Province Coalfield Geological Geophysical Exploration Company Changchun China .Jilin Province Coal Industry Bureau Changchun China 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,(Z2)
浑江煤田松树煤矿外围找煤项目主要是扩大煤炭储量,该区山高林密,地表条件差,地质构造复杂,侵入体多,形成高阻电性层。通过地面地质工作了解岩性变化规律,应用瞬变电磁法,工作便捷、观测精度高、不受高阻屏蔽。用其基础理论,进行数据处理。利用钻井电性地质资料对比,从已知到未知进行连续剖面解释,从定性、定量解释,确定火山岩的分布范围,划分煤系地层区段,提供建议孔位,从而完成地质任务,为后期工作提供物理信息。 相似文献
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为了揭示粤北地区岩石圈深部结构、深大断裂性质及花岗岩分布规律等科学问题,布设了乳源-潮州宽频带大地电磁探测剖面。由二维反演得出的电性结构,讨论了粤北地区岩石圈导电性结构特点。沿剖面存在3个花岗岩分布区,呈现不同的类型,可能代表不同的成因模式。沿剖面划分3条北东向断裂带:吉安-四会断裂、赣江断裂于韶关东形成宽度近20km的低阻区域,其间形成断陷盆地;河源-邵武断裂带,其两侧发育壳幔高导层并发育壳幔混合型花岗岩,深部电性结构复杂,可能为壳幔剧烈作用的场所;丽水-海丰断裂带,控制了燕山晚期花岗岩的分布。韶关、连平之间和龙川、丰顺之间50～150km存在2个巨大的低阻体,可能是地幔物质底侵作用的"通道";且底侵方向指向连平和龙川之间的区域,由于底侵作用力贡献,发育了一系列的壳内和上地幔高导层。粤北地区岩石圈从西向东逐渐减薄,从100余km减薄到60km,反映了太平洋板块对欧亚板块的消减作用。潮州100km深度以下的中-低阻特征,推断为太平洋板块俯冲作用留下的"洋壳"物质。 相似文献
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J. S. Chen X. X. Sun W. Z. Gu H. B. Tan W. B. Rao H. Z. Dong X. Y. Liu Z. G. Su 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(5):455-465
Despite its extreme aridity, the Badain Jaran Desert is rich in groundwater. In the southeastern part of the desert, it is
characterized by coexistence of high megadunes and a great number of lakes. Deuterium and oxygen 18 isotope compositions as
well as hydrochemistry of groundwater, lake water, soil water and river water were investigated in detail to gain an insight
into their relationships and the origin of the ground-water. The results show that the groundwater and the lake water are
genetically related, but unrelated to local precipitation and the leakage of Heine River at northern slope of Qilian mountain.
δD and δ18O values of deep soil water (lower than 40 cm) and groundwater plot on the same evaporation line E11, which shows that they
have the same recharge source. The point of intersection between E11 and LMWL suggests that the groundwater originates from
the water resource which has a weighted mean value that is lighter by some 6‰ δ18O than the local precipitation in Badain Jaran Desert. 3H data of water samples shows that the groundwater in Badain Jaran Desert originates from the water recharged after the nuclear
test. The deep fault zone underground maybe the water circulation channel based on Helium analysis of groundwater. The result
has guiding significance to rational exploitation and utilization of the local groundwater. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2021,4(3):421-432
The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km2. It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×108 m3/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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中国北方风沙沉积物气候代用指标对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在浑善达克沙地和巴丹吉林沙漠各选择近NS走向的大断面采集表层样品,用筛析法对样品进行粒度分析,用Eijkelkamp碳酸钙测定仪测定其碳酸钙含量。两地沙质沉积物的粒度参数对比结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠沙总体上比浑善达克沙地沙粗,分选性比浑善达克沙地沙好,同时在粒度分布频率曲线上表现出明显的双峰,这应与其地处冬夏季风交替地带、冬季风和夏季风搬运营力上的差别有关。巴丹吉林沙漠和浑善达克沙地沙质沉积物粒度参数上的差别反映了两地不同的风动力条件和下垫面性质。浑善达克沙地的沙粒较细在一定程度上也与该地区较湿润条件下的成土作用有关。气候差异应是导致两地沙质沉积物粒度参数区别的主导因素。碳酸钙测量结果说明,浑善达克沙地的碳酸钙含量明显低于巴丹吉林沙漠。巴丹吉林沙漠沙的碳酸钙含量从北往南呈增加趋势,与该地区年降水量的南北方向变化相一致。从对这两个地区沙质沉积物的碳酸钙含量对比中可以看出,即使在干旱背景下,当多年平均降雨量达到一定临界值时,地表碳酸钙含量将达到一最大值,随后则呈降低趋势 相似文献
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冲洪积物是古气候和古水文信息的重要记录,为了探讨巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区全新世气候环境及其对区域地下水的影响,对沙漠南缘的水成沉积物进行了沉积学分析和光释光年代学测试,结果表明本文研究的两个沙漠南缘沉积剖面分别为全新世中期（6.6~5.2 ka）的间歇性河流沉积和暂时性流水形成的洪泛沉积.基于前人全新世中期沙漠中湖泊水位、气候环境重建,以及本文研究的冲洪积物的沉积特征与年代,表明在气候湿润的地质时期巴丹吉林沙漠南缘及山区的区域降水形成暂时性洪流和/或间歇性河流会对沙漠地区地下水进行补给. 相似文献
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Recharge to the inter-dune lakes and Holocene climatic changes in the Badain Jaran Desert, western China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
We present new estimates on evaporation and groundwater recharge in the Badain Jaran Desert, western Inner Mongolia of northwestern China, based on a modified Penman Equation suitable for lakes in China. Geochemical data and water balance calculations suggest that local rainfall makes a significant contribution to groundwater recharge and that past lake-level variations in this desert environment should reflect palaeoclimatic changes. The chronology of lake-level change, established by radiocarbon and U-series disequilibrium dating methods, indicates high lake levels and a wetter climate beginning at ca. 10 ka and lasting until the late mid-Holocene in the Badain Jaran Desert. The greatest extension of lakes in the inter-dune depressions indicates that the water availability was greatest during the mid-Holocene. Relicts of Neolithic tools and pottery of Qijia Culture (2400-1900 BC) suggest relatively intensive human activity in the Badain Jaran Desert during the early and middle Holocene, supporting our interpretation of a less harsh environment. Wetter climates during the Holocene were likely triggered by an intensified East Asian summer monsoon associated with strong insolation. 相似文献
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Groundwater and lake evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert ecosystem, Inner Mongolia 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
The amount and timing of aquifer recharge and the evolution of lakes and groundwater in the south-eastern Badain Jaran desert of Inner Mongolia, with high megadunes, has been investigated using stable isotopes and hydrochemistry. Unsaturated zone moisture profiles down to 22 m have recorded recharge over 1185 years. Small but finite amounts of recharge are recorded with mean recharge rates of 0.95-1.33 mm year?1, determined using a chloride mass balance technique. The unsaturated profile also acts as a unique archive of hydrological and climate change. Before 1300, it was relatively dry but distinct wet periods may be recognised during 1340-1450, 1500-1610 and 1710-1820. Since the mid 1800s, the climate shows a trend towards greater aridity. The interdune lakes are generally fresh but locally, hypersaline lakes are found in juxtaposition. This implies that in general, the lakes have low residence times and flow back into the dune system, but sedimentary obstruction locally prevents outflow and extreme evaporation occurs. The stable isotope records show that the lakes are fed by palaeowaters which on the basis of other proxy data must predate the Last Glacial Maximum. Their recharge source is problematic but most likely this derives from a diminishing water table extending some 30 m south to the Yabulai Mountains. 相似文献
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本文根据实地野外观测和前人的研究,对我国西北干旱地区约30kaB.P.时的环境特征进行了综合分析.选用的古环境指标主要来源于风成沉积、湖泊沉积及河流沉积,年代主要依靠14C测年.依据巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘上的钙质胶结层、植物残体、塔克拉玛干沙漠河流沉积以及巴丹吉林沙漠腹地及其西北缘的高湖面,认为在30kaB.P.前后,我国西北干旱地区雨量较高,气候较湿润.柴达木盆地、腾格里沙漠西部、古尔班通古特沙漠西部及内蒙古地区湖泊同期的高湖面也支持这一观点. 相似文献