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济阳坳陷优质烃源岩层地球化学特征及成烃潜力 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据济阳坳陷第三系勘探实践,总结出优质烃源岩形成的地质环境、生物发育及地球化学特征。指出优质烃源岩的生烃潜力是一般烃源岩的１￣２倍;富油凹陷的决定条件是优质烃源岩层的存在,优质烃源岩层对陆相湖盆油气生成具有重要意义。 相似文献
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南黄海北部盆地东北凹陷烃源岩的早期预测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
烃源岩评价是沉积盆地油气地质研究的重要组成部分,尤其对油气勘探初期的战略选区与决策至关重要.南黄海北部盆地东北凹陷的油气勘探程度极低,至今尚无探井揭示烃源岩的发育特征,因此制约了凹陷的油气勘探进程.基于地质类比原理,采用与其相邻类似凹陷--北部凹陷综合对比的方法,应用层序地层、沉积相、地震相分析及含油气盆地动态数值模拟等技术,分析了东北凹陷主要烃源岩层的空间展布和生烃演化特征,并初步形成了一套适用于勘探程度低的地区烃源岩早期预测的方法技术流程.研究表明,南黄海北部盆地东北凹陷发育上白垩统泰州组主力烃源岩系,具有广阔的油气勘探前景. 相似文献
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济阳坳陷优质烃源岩特征与隐蔽油气藏的关系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对济阳坳陷优质烃源岩的研究,尝试建立勘探中、后期烃源岩研究的流程和工作方法。结合大量的分析资料,建立了本区优质烃源岩的评价标准,该标准可适用于中国的陆相断陷湖盆研究。对烃源岩的生排烃特征模拟结果表明,普通烃源岩、优质烃源岩以及有机质富集层三种不同类型的烃源岩生烃时间基本相同,但在排烃方面三者区别较大,普通烃源岩开始排烃最晚,优质烃源岩次之,而有机质富集层则最早进入排烃阶段。本区优质烃源岩的分布与隐蔽油气藏密切相关。沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段是本区广泛分布优质烃源岩的重点层位,它们与隐蔽油气藏的关系非常密切。优质烃源的分布直接或间接地决定了隐蔽油气藏勘探的成功率。对东营凹陷和沾化凹陷已经发现的隐蔽油气藏油气源的分析结果表明,在沾化凹陷,隐蔽油气藏主要以沙三段下部优质烃源岩为主。但罗家油田原油则是以沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段的碳酸盐岩源岩层所生成的混源油为主。沙四上亚段烃源岩主要形成地层性的隐蔽油气藏,而沙三下亚段烃源岩和沙四上亚段烃源岩均可以形成岩性型油气藏。在此基础上,建立了坳陷不同位置与其烃源岩和油气运移特点相关的隐蔽油气藏形成模式图。 相似文献
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近海盆地烃源岩评价是海上油气勘探成败的关键,也是亟待解决的关键科学问题。珠江口盆地阳江凹陷近期实现了油气勘探的重大突破,并展示了该区广阔的勘探前景。但在海上探井井位不足的情况下,仅靠地震资料难以客观地评价烃源岩的生烃潜力。为了进一步明确该区主要生烃层文昌组的生烃潜力,本文首先利用最新的四维层序地层模拟(Bandlands软件)技术,恢复了阳江凹陷古近系沉积期间的古地貌。古地貌恢复预测的古环境特征较好地揭示了文昌组古地貌与沉积体系的对应关系,说明文昌组古地貌背景对烃源岩沉积发育的影响较大。结合沉积体系的研究结果,分析总结了该区文昌组沉积时的源-汇特征,表明该凹陷文昌组早期是烃源岩发育的最有利时期。再结合洼陷古地貌特征、烃源岩的发育程度(主要依据半深湖相的厚度和面积)、与油源断裂的沟通及浅部圈闭的匹配等将各洼陷烃源岩综合划分为优质烃源岩、较好烃源岩和一般烃源岩3个级别:恩平20洼、恩平21洼为优质烃源岩;恩平27洼为较好烃源岩;恩平19洼、阳江24洼等为一般烃源岩。在对烃源岩分布预测的基础上,根据已钻井烃源岩样品的分析化验资料,将实验分析、地质分析与模拟结果相结合,分别对文昌组上段和文昌组下段两套烃源岩的沉积埋藏史、热演化史及生烃史进行综合分析。最后利用Petromod盆地模拟技术模拟了文昌组烃源岩的生烃潜力。模拟结果表明:恩平20、21洼和恩平27洼文昌组下段烃源岩生烃强度大于文昌组上段烃源岩生烃强度,说明文昌组下段烃源岩为生烃潜力最好的层段,且凹陷中东部的恩平20、21洼和南部的恩平27洼为生烃潜力最好的洼陷,具有较好的勘探潜力。这种基于古地貌和源-汇特征分析的烃源岩评价,对近海油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地深水区是目前的天然气勘探热点,但其烃源岩沉积模式和演化特征认识的不足制约了勘探成效.为识别和评价琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩,综合应用地震沉积学、有机地球化学及构造地质学分析方法,对比剖析渐新统含煤三角洲~浅海相泥岩的生烃母质、沉积背景及与已发现油气的对应关系.研究表明,渐新统三角洲的发育规模及古地貌控制了海陆过渡相煤系和海相陆源型烃源岩的分布,断-拗转换期凹凸相间的半封闭浅海环境有利于形成生气为主、油气兼生的渐新统海相陆源型烃源岩;深水区海相陆源型烃源岩分布、热演化及生排烃过程控制了天然气资源潜力,据此对生气凹陷进行分类评价并提出乐东、陵水及松南等Ⅰ类富生气凹陷. 相似文献
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伦坡拉盆地是西藏地区唯一获工业性油气流的盆地,油气勘探前景广阔,但其勘探和研究程度均较低,对古近系牛堡组烃源岩的发育状况认识不清,制约了盆地油气资源潜力评价和勘探选区.通过研究钻井、测井及相关化验测试等资料,利用测井多参数回归和盆地数值模拟等方法技术,分析了牛堡组主要亚段有机质丰度、类型及其展布等特征,模拟重建了烃源岩的热成熟演化历史,实现了对伦坡拉盆地牛堡组烃源岩的早期综合评价.研究表明:伦坡拉盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩发育,并以牛二段中亚段分布最广、厚度最大,在蒋日阿错凹陷最厚在400 m以上,其中优质烃源岩 (TOC＞1.0%) 最厚可达170 m;牛堡组总体上属较好级别的烃源岩,其中牛二段上亚段较好-优质烃源岩所占比例最高,牛二段中亚段次之;牛堡组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1为主;有机质成熟度总体呈中西部高、东部低的趋势,牛二段中亚段烃源岩现今多处于中-晚期生油阶段,牛二段上亚段和牛三段下亚段烃源岩现今多处于早期生油阶段.牛二段中亚段烃源岩为伦坡拉盆地主力烃源岩,蒋日阿错凹陷为最重要的生烃凹陷. 相似文献
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中西非裂谷盆地白垩系两类优质烃源岩发育模式 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中西非裂谷系位于非洲中部，主要为沿中非剪切断裂带分布的被动裂谷盆地，进一步划分为中非裂谷系和西非裂谷系。针对国内外对勘探程度极低的中西非裂谷盆地白垩系优质烃源岩展布、发育机理及油气成藏模式认识薄弱的现状，笔者在开展大量中西非裂谷盆地上、下白垩统两类烃源岩样品的主微量元素等地球化学分析的基础上，从含油气盆地构造、烃源岩发育古环境、古气候、古生产力和有机质保存条件等分析出发，剖析了不同类型含油气盆地优质烃源岩发育主控因素，分别建立了中、西非裂谷系低勘探程度含油气盆地下白垩统、上白垩统优质烃源岩的发育模式：中非裂谷盆地(Bongor、Muglad、Melut盆地)下白垩统裂陷期快速沉降、温暖湿润气候条件下，勃发的水生有机质(藻类)控制的深水湖相优质烃源岩“生产力”单因素发育模式；西非裂谷盆地(Termit盆地)上白垩统拗陷期海侵、炎热潮湿气候条件下，陆源有机质输入为主，优越的保存条件(偏咸水体)优质海相烃源岩 “生产力+保存条件”双因素控制的发育模式。从而进一步锁定富油气凹陷和主力成藏组合，有效指导含油气盆地内选区选带，助推油气规模储量发现。 相似文献
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"富集有机质"成烃作用再认识:以东营凹陷为例 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
从沉积特征、微观结构和有机质赋存状态等方面,分析了东营凹陷富集有机质烃源岩不同于分散有机质烃源岩的特征, 探讨了其对成烃过程的影响.相对于分散有机质烃源岩,富集有机质烃源岩纹层理非常发育, 岩性组合和微观沉积特征表现出较强的韵律性和非均质性,且易于形成顺层的有机质网络.上述特点决定了富集有机质烃源岩物理性质存在较强的各向异性,易形成平行层面的微裂隙,具有相对较高的侧向渗透率.这从一定程度上表明富集有机质烃源岩的侧向排烃过程比较容易实现.该认识对于深入研究和评价东营凹陷乃至整个中国东部陆相断陷盆地烃源岩具有重要意义. 相似文献
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根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。 相似文献
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青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化, 相似文献
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E. M. Korobova 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(13):1205-1282
In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.
The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:
On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature. 相似文献
- — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
- — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
- — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.
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铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。 相似文献
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The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries. 相似文献
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B. K. Maloney 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):355-362
While botanists, archaeologists, historians and linguists have contributed to the debate on the origin of the coconut pollen analysts have been silent. This article attempts to integrate the results of recent palaeoecological research with findings from the other disciplines. 相似文献
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利用卫星遥感影像,结合实地调查和测年结果,对共和盆地层状地貌系统进行了解译、分析。研究表明,共和盆地层状地貌系统由山麓剥蚀面、洪积扇面、盆地面以及黄河阶地面构成,其空间结构、物质组成对发生于早更新世早期的青藏运动C幕和中更新世末期的共和运动反映清晰。青藏运动C幕使青藏高原主夷平面在高原差异性隆升中彻底解体,垂直变形量高达1700m。共和运动使黄河在0.11Ma进入共和盆地,其后黄河平均以3.5mm/a的侵蚀速率下切盆地,同时在盆地边部的山前古冲洪积扇以大致相近的速率被抬升,最终导致高差在2000m左右的层状地貌系统的出现。 相似文献