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1.
岩溶湖泊湿地流域作为景观格局变化的热点研究区域,探讨景观格局动态变化及预测趋势,为岩溶流域生态安全研究提供科学依据。应用遥感与地理信息系统技术,结合普者黑岩溶湖泊湿地流域实际情况,分别对该地区1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015 年6 期遥感影像进行分类、解译,系统地获取地区景观格局状况,分析动态变化特征,并运用CA-Markov 模型对未来湿地景观格局进行模拟预测。结果表明:1990?2015年普者黑岩溶湿地流域景观格局随时间变化显著,景观破碎化程度总体呈现增加趋势,斑块数（NP）从861增加到889,景观类型的优势斑块面积在逐渐增加,而多样性指数从1.064下降到0.966;2020?2030年普者黑岩溶湿地流域建筑用地、农地和湿地景观类型面积在增加,农地和林地在减少,其中,较为突出的是建筑用地占有率由2.79%上升到2.97%,农地占有率60.12%增加到60.74%,湿地占有率6.67%上升7.02%,而林地占有率由26.70%下降到26.40%。景观格局进行预测可以发现湿地面积、建筑用地面积和农地变化幅度最大,本文相关研究和预测结果可为普者黑流域生态保护提供一定的建议和参考。 相似文献
2.
Guangyin Hu Huijun Jin Zhibao Dong Junfeng Lu Changzhen Yan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(7):3245-3254
The source region of the Yellow River, located in the northeastern portion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, plays a critical role in water conservation, biodiversity protection, and wetland conservation. Aeolian desertification of this area is an important concern. Remote sensing and GIS technology were employed to assess the trends in aeolian desertification from 1975 to 2005. The monitoring results showed that, aeolian desert land increased from 15,112 to 17,214 km2 during 1975–2005. In addition, it was found that the area of aeolian desertification increased rapidly from 1975 to 1990, was stable from 1990 to 2000, and slightly decreased from 2000 to 2005. Increasing temperature, overgrazing, and drainage of wetlands have been key driving factors of aeolian desertification. Thus, to control the expansion of aeolian desert lands in the source region of the Yellow River and to rehabilitate existing desert areas, the priority should be given to altering human behavior in these areas. 相似文献
3.
干旱的河西走廊永昌县境内分布有弥足珍贵的刘克庄、焦家庄、北海子、圣容寺等4块面积达20.38 km2的湿地,均分布于西大河中游的永昌盆地。湿地的形成是地貌-构造所控制的水文地质条件及地表水、地下水（泉水）相互转化共同作用的结果。受20世纪以来气候变暖趋势及人类过度开发利用水资源的影响,西大河中游湿地面积呈逐步减少的萎缩状态,目前较大的泉眼仅有879个,近30年来湿地面积减少40%以上。加强西大河上游祁连山径流形成区和水资源涵养区的生态环境保护,减少出山地表水的引用量,控制中游地下水开采量及地下水位,是保护有限湿地资源的主要对策措施。 相似文献
4.
胶州湾滨海湿地的景观格局变化及环境效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在湿地景观类型分类基础上,利用RS及GIS技术提取了1986、1995和2010年胶州湾滨海湿地的Landsat卫星假彩色合成影像的空间属性数据,利用斑块动态度、斑块密度指数、景观多样性指数、斑块破碎化指数研究了胶州湾滨海湿地的景观格局变化及累积环境效应。结果表明,1986～2010年胶州湾滨海湿地总面积减少,河流与河口湿地面积稍有增大,潮间带滩涂和潮上带湿地面积和斑块数减小;养殖池面积增大、斑块数增多,盐田面积减小、斑块数基本未变,增加了湿地公园这种新的人工湿地景观类型。期间,湿地的景观斑块密度指数、多样性指数和景观斑块破碎化指数增大了。上述湿地面积和景观格局变化是由围垦、城市化、港口和道路建设、河流径流量和输沙量减少、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、全球变暖、海面上升等因素引起的,并导致湿地生物多样化水平下降、有害植物入侵、环境净化功能降低、污染和赤潮灾害加重、植被退化演替、渔业资源衰退和湿地生态系统服务价值降低等累积环境效应。为减轻这些不利的累积环境效应,应采取建设湿地自然保护区、控制养殖池和盐田规模、发展工业循环经济和生态农业等措施保护胶州湾滨海湿地。 相似文献
5.
借助ArcGIS空间分析工具,以嫩江流域1978年、1990年、2000年和2008年4期遥感湿地分布图为基础,采用SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型将嫩江流域划分为43个子流域,并以沼泽湿地类型为例,将各个子流域内降水和径流信息与湿地退化遥感信息作对比筛选,对全流域以及湿地面积减少严重所在子流域作进一步分析。另外,利用两期土地利用类型数据生成嫩江流域土地利用转移矩阵。结果表明:1978—2008年间嫩江流域沼泽湿地退化严重,尤其以1990—2000年间最为显著。这与流域内降水、径流的变化密切相关,并受到土地利用类型转化以及水利工程建设等人类活动的影响。其中,沼泽湿地面积变化与流域径流系数变化在0.01水平上呈极显著正相关,pearson相关系数为0.90。气候变化和人类活动影响下对湿地水文过程以及水资源的变化,导致湿地日益萎缩,对流域内湿地生态系统平衡产生了负面影响。 相似文献
6.
Desert riparian forest colonization in the lower reaches of Tarim River based on remote sensing analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guilin Liu Alishir Kurban Huanming Duan Umut Halik Abdimijit Ablekim Luocheng Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(10):4579-4589
The ecological water conveyance project that pipes water from Daxihaizi reservoir to lower reaches of Tarim River has been implemented ten times since 2000. After ecological water conveyance, restoration has taken place for vegetation along the dried-up lower reaches of the Tarim River. The changes of vegetation fluctuated yearly due to ecological water conveyance. In order to reveal the detailed process of vegetation changes, remote sensing images from 1999 to 2010 were all classified individually into vegetated and non-vegetated areas using the soil-adjusted vegetation index threshold method. Then inter-annual changes of vegetation over a period of 12 years were obtained using a post-classification change detection technique. Finally, spatial–temporal changes distribution of vegetation cover and its response to ecological water conveyance were analyzed. The results indicate: (1) vegetation area increased by 8.52 % overall after ecological water conveyance. Vegetation between 2003 and 2004 increased dramatically with 45.87 % while vegetation between 2002 and 2003 decreased dramatically with 17.83 %. (2) Vegetation area gain is greater than vegetation loss during 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 and 2009–2010 periods. Although vegetation restoration is obvious from 1999 to 2010, vegetation loss also existed except for the periods above. It indicates that vegetation restoration fluctuated due to ecological water conveyance. (3) Spatial distribution of vegetation restoration presented “strip” distribution along the river and group shaper in the lower terrain area, while spatial distribution of vegetation loss mainly located in the upper reaches of river and area far away from the river. (4) Vegetation restoration area had a positive relative with total ecological water conveyance volume. The scheme and season of ecological water conveyance had also influenced the vegetation restoration. The vegetation change process monitoring, based on continuous remote sensing data, can provide the spatial–temporal distribution of vegetation cover in a large-scale area and scientific evidences for implementing ecological water conveyance in the lower Tarim River. 相似文献
7.
松嫩流域湿地景观动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1975、2000、2007年遥感影像为数据源,应用RS与GIS技术,运用动态度模型景观梯度和景观格局指数,对松嫩流域湿地景观信息进行动态分析。结果表明:松嫩流域湿地总面积从25 574.94km2(1975年)减少到18 152.58km2(2000年)后增加到25 761.01km2(2007年),动态度由-1.21%增加到了5.99%。天然湿地景观梯度(DI)总体呈收缩的趋势,人工湿地反之,梯度最高值由37持续增加到了69,50DI≤70的高值分布区从无到有,在2007年共有高值区5处。湿地的香农多样性指数增加了0.210 3,景观多样性增加,斑块破碎程度加剧;香农均匀性指数增加了0.097 2,聚集度指数减少了8.005 1,湿地景观在空间配置上趋于零碎和分散,连接程度减少。人工湿地的斑块密度大幅增加,面积加权的平均斑块分形指数略大,具有较高的不规则程度。 相似文献
8.
Wetlands play an important role in water conservation, environmental protection, and biodiversity conservation. Remote sensing is an economical and efficient technique for wetland monitoring which can limit disturbance in sensitive areas and support wetland conservation. In this paper, we used three phases of Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (TM/ETM+) remote sensing images from October 1989, October 1999, and October 2009 to study wetlands in Xingzi County. The images were segmented using the object-oriented remote sensing image interpretation software eCognition Developer 8.64, then segmented images were classified by slope, digital elevation model (DEM) data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Specific Leaf Area Vegetation Index (SLAVI), and Land and Water Masks (LWM) index to produce land type classification maps. Land use change information was obtained by analyzing the superposition of two classification maps of the wetland area from different years. The results showed that landscape patches in Xingzi County displayed fragmentation in their spatial distribution over time. Based on an index of changes in landscape patches, the fastest growing landscape type is grassland, while the fastest decreasing type is irrigated land. Dominant driving factors of changes in Xingzi County’s wetland landscape are population growth and policy changes. 相似文献
9.
塔里木河下游生态输水后植被景观格局动态变化研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
2000-2005年, 塔里木河流域管理局先后7次向塔里木河下游断流区进行了生态输水, 输水河道两岸的植被得到了一定的恢复. 以2000-2005的中巴资源卫星CCD影像为主要数据源, 获得了6 a的植被/非植被二值图, 并计算各年的景观格局指数, 分析了6 a植被景观格局的变化. 结果表明: 植被景观动态度在第四时段(2003-2004年)最大, 为47.83%; 在第三时段(2002-2003年)最小, 为-1.39%; 2000-2005年植被景观的动态变化呈正向趋势. 2000-2005年, 植被景观斑块个数与景观形状指数增加, 蔓延度指数下降了36.9, 斑块结合度指数均高于99, 表明研究区的植被景观破碎化程度、分离程度增加, 而景观类型联通性较高. 植被斑块面积均处于增加趋势且远离河道植被恢复率越小, 但植被景观的比重仍小于50%, 说明非植被类型是研究区的基质类型, 组成了景观的最大斑块. 针对缓冲区Zone 1, 植被景观的平均分维数处于减小趋势且2005年的斑块个数最小, 斑块结合度指数处于增加趋势, 表明近河道区域植被较为稳定, 受生态输水的干扰度较小, 植被景观斑块之间越来越聚集. 6 a间Zone 1的植被最大斑块指数均大于10%, 远高于其它5个缓冲带, 表明离河道越近植被景观的优势度最大. 相似文献
10.
1926-2009年额尔齐斯河流域中游地区气候变化及其对水资源的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
额尔齐斯河流域中游地区是哈萨克斯坦共和国重要的水资源富矿与战略经济区, 资料表明这一地区过去几十年来气候与水资源均发生了显著变化, 分析研究其气候变化及其对水资源的影响, 对水资源合理利用具有重要的指导意义.利用研究区7个气象站1926-2009年84 a逐月降水和气温资料, 应用高桥浩一郎公式计算研究区月平均蒸发量及可利用降水量, 分析了1926-2009年研究区气候变化及其对水资源的影响.结果表明: 1)与全球气候变暖一致, 过去84 a来研究区平均气温呈较快的升高趋势, 且自20世纪80年代末以来进入快速升温变暖期; 2)84 a来, 研究区降水总体呈增加趋势, 随着温度的升高, 蒸发量同步增加. 因此, 研究区可利用降水量尽管有波动但总体变化不大; 3)降水是影响研究区可利用降水量的最重要的影响因素, 二者呈现显著的正相关关系, 1%的降水变化可导致1.68%的可利用降水量变化.研究区是全球气候变化的敏感区域, 水资源开发利用需切实做好应对气候变化的适应性对策. 相似文献
11.
近30年吉林市景观格局变化及气候效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在ArcGIS、ENVI、Excel和FRAGSTATS软件支持下, 利用景观指数中的斑块数量、最大斑块指数、斑块密度、周长面积分维数、聚集度和香农多样性指数, 对1980年、1995年和2010年的吉林市景观格局进行了分析。结果表明:近30年间吉林市斑块数量、斑块密度、周长面积分维数和香农多样性指数呈先增加后减少的趋势, 聚集度呈先减少后增加的趋势, 最大斑块指数逐渐减少;林地景观面积、草地景观面积一直在减少, 湿地景观面积呈先增加后减少趋势, 旱田景观面积逐渐增加。在东北地区气候变化背景下, 吉林市景观格局的变化对该区气候产生了一定的影响, 使该区气温上升、降雨量减少。吉林市景观格局变化与气温、降雨量变化的空间分布格局有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
12.
利用空间自相关模型,结合GIS技术,对别拉洪河流域不同尺度上湿地空间自相关的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,自20世纪50年代至2000年,别拉洪河流域湿地面积逐渐减少,湿地全局空间自相关呈先增加后减小再增加的"N"字型趋势;别拉洪河流域湿地高-高自相关类型有逐渐减少并向流域下游扩张的趋势,而低-低自相关类型有逐渐增加并向流域上游扩张的趋势;湿地空间自相关表现出明显的尺度效应,随着研究尺度的增大湿地空间自相关性逐渐增强;别拉洪河流域湿地空间自相关的动态变化主要是由人类对湿地的开发造成的。 相似文献
13.
塔里木河干流上游中、下段河床淤积和耗水对生态环境的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔里木河干流上游中、下段河床一直呈淤积状态, 新渠满站1965-2007年总淤积厚度达120 cm, 平均年淤积3.0 cm. 其中: 1965-1990年25 a淤积50 cm, 年均淤积2.0 cm, 1991-2007年17 a中河床淤积加快, 总淤积70 cm, 年均淤积4.7 cm. 由于河床淤积, 河道行洪断面缩水, 洪水漫溢不断增大, 导致上游段耗水量呈不断增加趋势, 2001年起上游段己成为干流最大的耗水区. 阿克苏河、和田河和叶尔羌河3条源流出山口多年平均年输沙量为6310×10~4t, 进入塔里木河干流龙头站--阿拉尔站多年平均年输沙量为2050×10~4t, 干流上游段多年平均年泥沙淤积量为1462×10~4t, 占塔里木河阿拉尔站多年平均年输沙量的71.3%, 是干流最大的泥沙淤积区, 也是现今最大的洪水漫溢区和耗水区. 塔里木河干流上、中、 下游各水文点年输沙量呈急剧減少趋势, 泥沙淤积河道主要是上游段的沙雅二牧场至英巴扎318 km河段. 塔里木河上游段河长495 km, 多年平均区间耗水量14.48×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站多年径流量的31.5%;中游河长398 km, 多年平均区间耗水量24.84×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的54.0%;下游河长428 km, 多年平均区耗水量6.68×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的 14.5%. 上、 中游段多年平均区间耗水量39.32×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的85.5%. 上游耗水量从2001年起成为塔里木河干流最大的耗水区, 导致2002、 2005和2006年上、中游耗水量达到50.0×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的88%, 成为历史最大值. 相似文献
14.
环境约束下塔里木河下游地区人类活动的历史演进 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在参考历史文献和考古成果的基础上,结合野外考察,研究了历史时期以来塔里木河下游的环境变迁和人类活动演化过程.研究认为,历史时期下游地区人类活动受气候影响下的河流生态环境变化的制约;19世纪末以来塔里木河上游地区的水土资源开发,使得下游水量减少,造成下游生态环境急剧退化,下游人类活动虽不稳定,但总体是进步的.20世纪90年代以来,下游生态环境进一步恶化,在制度与技术进步的支持下,人类生产空间扩张迅速、效益不断提高的同时,下游河道进一步退缩,天然绿洲沙漠化持续发展,下游尾闾垦区毗连沙漠,成为抵御绿洲生态环境退化的生态经济区,人工绿洲维持发展的代价高昂.因此,下游人地关系走向良性发展的前提是全流域开发利用水资源保持在下游生态环境不退化的限度内. 相似文献
15.
咸海周边环境变化对中亚干旱区生态稳定有重要影响,研究锡尔河-咸海三角洲湿地演变对认识流域生态环境变化、实施生态修复等具有重要意义。基于多源遥感数据采用面向对象分层提取法方法,分析1962—2019年锡尔河下游三角洲湿地的时空变化特征,并结合咸海变化、耕地变化、河流水量和水利工程建设等探讨近60a湿地变化的驱动因素。研究表明:①近60 a在咸海持续萎缩的情况下,锡尔河下游三角洲湿地呈现先减小后增加的变化趋势,其中1962—1980年、1981—1991年和1992—2019年3个阶段的变化率分别为-38.29 km2/a、193.35 km2/a和14.36 km2/a;②湿地变化有明显的空间差异,锡尔河南、北2个入湖口区的湿地自1980年以来向咸海湖区扩张明显,耕地混合区的湿地自1991年以来向河道两侧扩张;③ 1962年后在入三角洲径流量总体减少的趋势下,灌渠建设和生态用水配置是三角洲湿地面积增加的主要原因,间接导致咸海入湖水量减少,咸海快速萎缩。锡尔河三角洲湿地恢复与咸海干涸形成了明显的生态反差,不利于咸海周边生态的整体恢复。 相似文献
16.
塔里木河流域气候与径流变化及生态修复 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
从20世纪90年代中期开始,塔里木河流域气温上升、降水增加,阿克苏河、开都河等主要河流几乎同步进入持续的丰水周期时段,为塔里木河流域生态修复创造了绝好的“天时”和历史性机遇.这种大区域的气候异常变化现象引起了国内外广大学者的广泛关注,区域气候异常变化是全球气温上升影响盆地气候向温湿转型,还是一个世纪性的水文周期变化现象,一时间成为了学术界的热点议题.系统分析了塔里木河流域山区水文气象站近50 a来的气温、降水、河川径流以及塔里木河来水量变化,并系统评价了利用开都河丰水期的有利时机,向塔里木河下游应急输水及其生态修复情况. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the oasis landscape fragmentation in northwestern China’s arid regions. Landscape
maps of Jinta oasis were compiled by using GIS based on Landsat TM data of 1990 and 2000. Landscape indexes for evaluating
fragmentation are patch area, patch density, corridor density and split index. Results indicated many difference. First, between
the years 1990 and 2000, the landscape fragmentation in Jinta oasis decreased slightly. Second, the area of the matrix decreased
at the class level. The landscape fragmentation of the matrix (bare soil) increased as a result of increased influence of
human activities on matrix and was opposite to the irrigated farmland whose area is larger and more aggregated in 2000 than
in 1990. Third, dense corridor system is one of the most prominent characteristics of the arid regions. It is one of the key
factors resulting in the landscape fragmentation; especially the fragmentation within the same patch types. The corridor density
of irrigated farmland, residential area and forestland were quite large in Jinta oasis both in 1990 and 2000. The pattern
of Jinta oasis is characterized by agricultural oasis embedded in Gobi and in the desert, where the ecosystem was disturbed
strongly by the intense human activities. 相似文献
18.
《China Geology》2021,4(2):353-363
The environmental change in the wetlands in the southern Mongolian Plateau has important impacts on the environment of North China and even the entire Northeast Asia, from which the global climate change can be understood on a large scale, especially the climate change in the Mongolian Plateau. This study extracted the information on the wetlands from three stages of remote sensing images (also referred to as RS images) of the study area, including Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images of 2000, TM images of 2010, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images of 2018. As indicated by the extraction results, the area of wetlands decreased from 796.90 km2 of 2000 to 666.24 km2 of 2018 at a rate of 7.26 km2/a. The reduced area is 130.66 km2, which is about 16.4% reduction. And the patch number of wetlands decreased from 731 of 2000 to 316 of 2018 in the study area, approximately 56.8% reduction (415 patches), and the decrease in the area of the wetlands mainly occurred in the northwest endorheic region. In terms of wetland types, the change of the wetlands was dominated by the decrease of lacustrine wetlands, of which the area and patch number decreased by 106.2 km2 and 242, respectively. Furthermore, the area of the lacustrine wetlands decreased at the highest rate of 8.70 km2/a in 2010–2018. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the wetlands in the western part shrunk more notably than those in the eastern part as a whole in the study area. According to local meteorological data, the precipitation gently decreased and the temperature increased (about 1.7°C) from 1975–2018. Overall, the decrease in the area of the wetlands and the temperature rises in the study area were mainly driven by the Mongolian monsoon climate, reduction in precipitation, and human activities. 相似文献
19.
天津市宁河湿地资源动态变化及生态环境影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于遥感、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,以天津市宁河县为研究区域,在1987年和2005年的TM、ETM遥感数据为信息源的基础上,定量分析了天津市宁河湿地资源动态变化。结果表明:湿地类型的整体构成发生了剧烈变化,自然湿地的面积减少了37.42%、斑块减少了124块,人工湿地的面积增加了14 606.2 hm2。多样性指数和均匀性指数呈降低趋势,优势度指数和破碎度指数呈增加趋势。人为活动是近20年宁河湿地资源动态变化的主要驱动力,天然湿地面积的减少及湿地类型的改变引起地下水文条件的恶化,导致湿地水源逐渐枯竭;湿地资源的变化破坏了生物多样性。 相似文献
20.
An analysis, over historical times, of the influence of natural factors such as climate, geological activity, existing landforms,
and the activity of aeolian sands on the desertification of oases and other lands in the Heihe River basin of northwestern
China revealed that desertification occurred more or less quickly according to whether the prevailing climate was cold or
warm, respectively. In the 1990s, the area of desertified lands in the lower reaches of the Heihe River (Ejin region) was
29.1% greater than in the mid 1980s. However, the rate of desertification in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin was
relatively slower, only 9.4% from 1949 to 1990 (or 0.27% per year). Since 1990, the rate of desertification has been stable.
By 2000, the total area of land desertification in the mid to lower reaches of the Heihe River basin was 13,508.4 km2, or 11.8% of the region monitored. Of the total land desertification area, the regions of Linze, Gaotai, Sunan, Jiuquan,
Jia Yuguan, and Jinta accounted for 1.70, 1.71, 1.43, 0.85, 0.28, and 9.39%, respectively, whereas the Ejin region’s 11,434.64 km2 accounted for 84.65%, indicating that land desertification in the lower Heihe River basin was particularly severe. The causes
responsible for the occurrence and development of land desertification in the Heihe River basin were analyzed. 相似文献