共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
采用分子动力学模拟方法,对舍烷基长链阳离子表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱石的层间域内分子环境及烷基长链排列状况进行模拟研究,并考察改性剂负载量与层间域含水量的改变对烷基链排列方式和活动性以及表面活性剂离子中N,C原子的分布状况的影响.1.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在含少量水的情况下(干态),N,C原子均呈双层分布,表明烷基长链为双层平卧排列.含水量的提高(湿态)会导致烷基链从双层分布向在层闻域内均匀分布转变.2.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在舍少量水的情况下(干态),烷基链呈双层倾斜分布于层间域内,烷基链的头部靠近四面体片层.含水量的提高(湿态)对烷基链在层间域内分布状态影响有限,但会导致烷基链整体向层间域中心平面移动,水分子优先占据靠近四面体片层的位置. 相似文献
2.
不同链长烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间域内排列方式的对比 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
选用含不同烷基长链的三种季铵盐——十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DDTMAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TDTMAB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)，对河北钠交换蒙脱石进行了有机柱撑实验，以X射线衍射分析方法对实验产物进行了对比研究。结果表明，由于烷基链中所含的碳原子数目不同，三种长链季铵离子对蒙脱石的柱撑效果不同，DDTMA^ 在蒙脱石层间域内可形成平卧单层、平卧双层和假三层三种不同排列方式；TDTMA^ 与DDTMA^ 在低浓度条件下形成的前两种排列方式相同，而第三种则不同，为倾斜单层排列；HDTMA^ 有机柱撑产物中除了具有前两者的排列方式外，还具有倾斜双层排列方式。不同排列方式的复合产物可以多相共存。此外，随着柱撑剂浓度的增加，三种长链烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间域内的排列方式及其演化是不同的。 相似文献
3.
有机粘土对疏水性有机污染物吸附性能良好,在环境有机污染控制中有广阔的应用前景。明确有机污染物在有机粘土上吸附的微观结构特征是探明其吸附机理,提高其污染控制效率的关键。论文以十六烷基三甲基铵阳离子改性蒙脱石(CTMA-Mont)为有机粘土代表,采用分子动力学模拟技术,模拟研究了水环境条件下CTMA-蒙脱石对典型疏水性有机污染物苯的吸附特征,得到了CTMA-Mont层间域内原子尺度微观结构。研究发现苯分子主要吸附在CTMA烷基链聚集体内,而蒙脱石硅氧烷表面由于受到烷基链的竞争而对苯分子的吸附能力较弱。随着CTMA负载量的增加,层间域内烷基链聚集体的体积增大,因而能为苯分子提供更多的吸附位点,CTMA-Mont吸附性能相应增强。 相似文献
4.
已有研究表明影响有机蒙脱石性能的因素很多,除了有机改性剂的特性外,蒙脱石的晶体化学特征也是不容忽视的因素。为了探讨烷基链链数和阳离子交换容量与有机蒙脱石性能之间的关系,本文选择3种不同阳离子交换容量的蒙脱石为主体,4种季铵盐阳离子改性剂十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(S18)、双-十八烷基二甲基溴化铵(D18)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(S12)和双-十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(D12)为客体,在不同添加量条件下(0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、4.0CEC)制备了多个系列的有机蒙脱石,并用XRD、TG-DTG等手段对产物进行表征。实验结果表明,阳离子交换容量与层间柱撑高度之间不存在明显的相关性,但对表面活性剂在蒙脱石上的吸附量有显著的影响,吸附量随着阳离子交换容量的增加而增加。双链表面活性剂对蒙脱石层的撑开能力比单链更强,在层间具有更复杂的自组装过程,导致其热分解过程更为复杂。 相似文献
5.
HDTMA+柱撑离子空间几何尺寸与柱撑蒙脱石层间排列方式的研究 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15
用X射线衍射方法对不同柱撑浓度条件下制备的HDTMA^ 柱撑蒙脱石系列样品进行研究，结合有机离子的理论空间几何尺寸，提出有机柱撑离子在层间的不同排列展布方式。水平单层排列的HDTMA^ 离子可以有两种不同的排列方式并分别对应于柱撑产物的不同底面间距，水平双层排列虽然也可形成两种不同的排列方式，但是柱撑产物具有相同的底面间距，并用联锁嵌合结构解释了有机离子在水平双层和假三层排列模式下其实际总体高度要低于各单层高度数字之和。 相似文献
6.
无机—有机柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚的吸附 总被引：55，自引：1，他引：54
分别用无机－有机改性柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚进行吸附试验,研究它们吸附苯酚的适宜条件圾吸附等温线（２５℃）,结果表明,用表面活性剂改性的柱撑蒙脱石,能大幅度提高对苯酚的吸附能力,柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚的吸附能力主要取决于改性粘土吸附剂的微孔结构和表面组分,而不仅仅依赖于表面积,经５００℃高温灼烧后柱撑蒙脱石柱结构及层间距（１．８３ｎｍ）稳定,因而柱撑蒙脱石可再生循环使用,是一种潜在的吸附环境污染物的物质。 相似文献
7.
TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC～2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主. 相似文献
8.
HDTMA+柱撑蒙脱石的13C MAS NMR谱研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的 采用^13C魔角旋转核磁共振技术(MAS NMR)，对HDTMA柱撑蒙脱石层间域内由于堆垛密度差异所致的具不同排列方式的有机离子的构形进行了研究。结果表明，长链烷基在层间并不是完全刚性的(All-trans)状态，同时由不同构形离子组成的有机相之间的比例也不是不变的，而是随着有机离子在层间域内堆垛密度的增大，柱撑离子存在着一个从类似固体状态(Solid-like)到类似液体状态(Liquid-like)再到类似固体状态变化的宽范围的分子环境。其中平卧双层排列模式中有机分子所表现出的类似液体的性质最为明显，只有在较高堆垛密度的倾斜双层排列模式下层间离子才表现出较明显的类似固体状态。 相似文献
9.
锆基柱撑蒙脱石是近年来多孔材料研究的热点之一。由于大的比表面积、层间距以及孔容积,而具有良好的吸附与催化性能。近年来,锆基柱撑蒙脱石的研究进展主要集中在多种复合柱撑蒙脱石的制备,其应用多在有机物、重金属吸附和催化有机反应等方面,而对柱撑机理、层间结构的研究较少,有待深入。 相似文献
10.
C10TAB,C14TAB,C18TAB柱撑蒙脱石层间域有机柱排布研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
用十烷基三甲基溴化铵（C10TAB）、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵（C14TAB）和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（C18TAB）制备有机柱撑蒙脱石,并对产物进行X射线衍射表征。研究结果表明：柱化剂的浓度和烷基季铵离子的性质能影响烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间的排布模式。在柱化剂浓度较低时易形成平卧排列,柱化剂达到一定浓度时石蜡型结构方能形成,且直链烷基越长,烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层问越易形成石蜡型倾斜排列。在平卧结构向石蜡型结构转化过程中可出现多种排列共存。 相似文献
11.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Montmorillonites (MMT) was modified with nonionic surfactant Trion X-100 (OP-10) and anionic surfactants sodium stearate (SSTA) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) respectively. In this study, the effects of anionic surfactant types and MMT types on modification montmorillonite were investigated. XRD analysis results showed that SSTA/OP-10/MMT and SDBS/OP-10/MMT were successfully obtained. The basal spacing of SSTA/OP-10/MMT reached 5.07nm and the SSTA intercalation reaction was relatively stable. Different types of MMT (Xinjiang natural sodium montmorillonite(MMT-1), Jianping sodium montmorillonite (MMT-2) and artificial sodium montmorillonite(MMT-3)) were modified with SSTA/OP-10. XRD test results showed that MMT-1, MMT-2 and MMT-3 can be modified by SSTA/OP-10. Anion-nonionic organic montmorillonite (SSTA/OP-10/MMT-1, SSTA/OP-10/MMT-2 and SSTA/OP-10/MMT-3 were successfully obtained respectively. The higher expansion capacity was found to be beneficial to organic modification. 相似文献
12.
有机粘土的特性及其对肥料养分的缓释作用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本研究表明 ,表面活性剂 2号不仅可以吸附在蒙脱石、高岭石和凹凸棒石的表面上 ,还可进入蒙脱石的层间 ,将其晶层撑开 ,并以双层小于 65°角斜交于蒙脱石的晶片之间 ,同时有极少量的表面活性剂 2号以单层方式直立于晶片上 ,形成石蜡质构型。由于粘土矿物对表面活性剂 2号的吸附作用 ,使其热性质发生变化 ,去除吸附水的温度降低并出现放热峰。此外 ,还使得有机粘土的含水量和吸湿率较原土有显著降低。有机粘土应用于肥料工业的复混肥生产中 ,不仅可以使其有效成粒率提高 3 0 % ,还可使其养分释放具有显著的缓释效果。 相似文献
13.
Free fatty acids make up the bulk (50–84% wt/wt) of lipid materials recovered from artificial gypsum precipitates and crystals collected from sea salt evaporation pans. Both the fatty acids and hydrocarbons associated with artificial gypsum tend to be of longer mean chain length than organic materials dissolved in the mother liquor. Increased specific adsorption of n-fatty acids at Ca2+ sites on gypsum surfaces is positively correlated with alkyl chain length. Neutral lipids were not significantly enriched in either type of gypsum precipitates. The fatty acids associated with gypsum from sea salt evaporation pans are branched fatty acids in contrast to the predominantly normal acids associated with artificial gypsum samples. Differences in the two adsorbed acid distributions are attributed to the unique lipids of hypersaline biota. 相似文献
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15.
The effects of initial state of the samples and the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) on the behavior of Chlef sand were studied in this article. For this purpose, the results of two series of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests on medium dense sand are presented. In the first test series, the influence of the specimen's fabric and confining pressure has been studied. The tests were conducted at initial confining pressure of 50, 100, and 200 kPa. Two methods of sample preparation, which included the dry funnel pluviation and the wet deposition, were utilized. All the samples were subjected to a monotonic loading after consolidation phase. The results of the tests demonstrate that an increase in initial confining pressure leads to an increase in the resistance to liquefaction. The results also show that the samples prepared with the dry funnel pluviation method exhibit a greater resistance to liquefaction than those prepared with the wet deposition method. In the second series of tests, the overconsolidation influence on the resistance to the sand liquefaction has been realized on samples at an effective stress of 100 kPa for OCR varying between 1 and 8. The tests show that the increase of OCR improves the stiffness of sand and accelerates the appearance of dilatancy. 相似文献
16.
通过采集青海木里三露天天然气水合物钻孔岩心样品,对该区天然气水合物赋存层段的中侏罗统和上三叠统烃(气)源岩的有机地球化学特征进行了分析。结果显示：研究区中侏罗统和上三叠统烃(气)源岩有机质丰度较高,TOC含量多在0.6%以上,即整体上为中等、好、很好烃源岩;有机质类型两套地层均主要以Ⅱ2型、Ⅲ型为主;两套地层 样品镜质体反射率多数介于0.7%～1.3%之间,只有少部分样品镜质体反射率低于0.7%,故有机质演化整体处于成熟阶段,或处于凝析油阶段,还没有达到湿气和干气阶段,可能只为该区天然气水合物提供一定量的气源条件,其主力气源岩可能来自更深部层系;研究区上三叠统烃(气)源岩有机质成熟度整体不高甚至低于中侏罗统,可能受断层逆推作用而出露地表的影响。 相似文献
17.
J.E. Ortiz T. Torres A. Delgado R. Juli M. Lucini F.J. Llamas E. Reyes V. Soler M. Valle 《Organic Geochemistry》2004,35(11-12):1243
The elemental (concentration of organic carbon, atomic H/C and C/N ratios), isotopic (δ13C values of organic matter) and molecular (predominant n-alkane chain length and carbon preference index (CPI)) organic components were measured for 600 samples taken from a 107-m long core from the Padul Basin (Andalusia, Spain). The record runs from the Lower Pleistocene (ca. 1 Ma B.P.) to the mid-Holocene (ca. 4.5 ka B.P.) with, in general, little diagenesis (removal of components). Two markedly different hydrogeological scenarios were interpreted: (1) From ca. 1 Ma to ca. 400 ka B.P. run-off recharge was significant and water depths were greater (lacustrine scenario). From ca. 400 to 4.5 ka B.P., the Padul Basin became a peat bog s.s. with the major water input coming from groundwater inflow. From ca. 400 to ca. 180 ka B.P. alternating episodes with either predominant grasses, trees or aquatic macrophytes which were linked to wet/dry phases, took place. An important deglaciation episode has been interpreted to occur between ca. 180 and 170 ka B.P. The global climatic changes occurring from ca. 170 to 25 ka B.P. were not recorded in the proxies, though they do show important variations linked to the Last Glacial Maximum and the beginning of the Holocene (ca. 25–10 ka B.P.): (2) Cold phases coexisting with dry periods produced the recession of forests and the development of grasses. After these periods, as both temperature and precipitation increased, forests expanded and the water level, linked to thaw, rose, especially at ca. 20 ka B.P. Few changes occurred during the Holocene, although there were short alternations between wet and dry episodes. Overall, the techniques applied proved to be excellent palaeoenvironmental proxies for studying the basin’s palaeoclimatological and palaeohydrological evolution. 相似文献
18.
Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment of bitumen deposit impacted area 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
E. O. Fagbote E. O. Olanipekun Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(3):561-570
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were investigated in sediment of bitumen deposit impacted area of Agbabu, Nigeria, to determine the present level of contamination with these toxic compounds prior to exploitation. Samples were collected during the dry season (March) and the wet season (August) of year 2008. Analysis was carried out with gas chromatography using mass spectrometry detector for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame ionization detector for polychlorinated biphenyls. In the dry season sum of concentration of PAHs ranged from zero to 0.12 ± 0.06 ppm, while in the wet season the minimum was 0.18 ± 0.07 ppm and the maximum was 1.04 ± 0.16 ppm. Most of these values were higher than sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations of 1–10 μg/kg indicating that they were likely to come from anthropogenic sources. Average concentrations of PAHs such as naphthalene and benzo (a) pyrene obtained in sediment in the wet season in some of the stations were higher than recommended limits. The linear regression analysis between sum of concentrations and percentage organic carbon showed no significant correlation in sediment in the dry season (r2 = 0.0025) and in the wet season (r2 = 0.1345). The predominance of 4–6 ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the ratios between pairs of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed that they are likely to have come from pyrolytic sources. No polychlorinated biphenyl congener was detected in the samples. 相似文献
19.