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1.
水泥混合上海黏土pH值和电导率与强度特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对目前钻芯取样、标准贯入试验、荷载试验等水泥搅拌桩的检测方法试验要求高、试验时间长、测试费用高等诸多缺点,提出联合测定水泥土初期pH值与电导率的方式来判断其后期无侧限抗压强度与混合土性状的方法。以上海地区第④层黏性土为研究对象、以水泥掺量为变量,对加固土体的化学性质与其强度增长特性做了试验研究;探讨了pH值和电导率与水泥掺量、养护时间、后期强度之间的关系。试验结果表明,当水泥土初期的pH值和电导率大于分别为11.5和0.09 s/m的临界值时开始产生强度。在此之后强度随着pH值的增长而缓慢增加,但当pH达到11.8时,强度开始随着pH值的增长而迅速增加。电导率与强度变化关系的这些特征可以避免用水泥土初期pH值单一化学指标来判定其后期无侧限抗压强度带来的误差与风险。为判定上海地区黏性土水泥搅拌桩的强度提供试验依据。 相似文献
2.
以活性氧化镁碳化固化粉质黏土为研究对象,通过无侧限抗压强度试验、酸碱度测试、X射线衍射试验、压汞试验和扫描电镜试验,研究了不同初始含水率和碳化时间影响下活性氧化镁碳化加固粉质黏土的强度、pH值、碳化产物和微观结构等变化。根据碳化固化土强度与碳化产物含量及累积孔隙体积间的内在联系,提出了粉质黏土的碳化反应微观模型。结果表明：随碳化时间增加和初始含水率减小,碳化固化土的碳化产物含量增加、累积孔隙体积减小,同时氧化镁碳化加固土的强度提高;碳化固化土的pH值随碳化时间不断减小,而随初始含水率变化不大;最后提出了粉质黏土的碳化反应微观模型,确定了活性氧化镁固化粉质黏土在碳化约6.0 h时可获得最高强度。 相似文献
3.
基于生物酶的固土技术在香港的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
传统加固土体的方法主要是通过在土中加入一定量的高性能掺合剂使之成为一种强度较高的复合土体,但这种方法需要较长的养护时间,且不经济。利用一种新型实用的生物酶固化技术,针对香港地区3种常见的海洋黏土、完全风化花岗岩和完全风化凝灰岩,开展了土体加固试验研究。试验结果表明,生物酶对海洋土的加固效果最好,强度增加最高可达20%,而生物酶对完全风化花岗岩的加固效果则不太理想,抗剪强度指标只有少许改变。此外,海洋土和完全风化凝灰岩的压缩性因为生物酶的作用反而有所增强。最后,从微观上分析了生物酶固土作用的本质,指出固土效果主要缘自于生物酶分子与土中的黏土矿物分子发生相互作用产生的胶结作用。 相似文献
4.
以粒化高炉矿渣粉-氧化镁（GGBS-MgO）固化铅污染黏土为研究对象,通过半动态淋滤试验,对GGBS-MgO在酸雨作用下的强度特性及溶出特性进行研究。通过对GGBS-MgO固化铅污染黏土半动态淋滤后pH值、针刺深度、无侧限抗压强度及浸出液中[Pb]、[Ca]、[Mg]元素浓度的测试,分析淋滤液初始pH值、掺量以及含铅不含铅对GGBS-MgO固化土强度特性的影响,讨论了初始淋滤液pH值、固化剂掺量对GGBS-MgO固化铅污染土累积铅、钙、镁溶出质量以及铅有效扩散系数的影响规律。结果表明,半动态淋滤试验使试样无侧限抗压强度qu较标准养护39 d试样降低了2%～53%,且淋滤液初始pH=2对试样qu影响最大;在相同掺量、相同淋滤液初始pH值时,GGBS-MgO固化未污染土半动态淋滤后qu较水泥固化未污染土qu提高了12%～43%;且当固化剂掺量为18%时,固化铅污染土强度特性较水泥有明显优势,约为水泥固化铅污染土强度的1.3～1.8倍;且相同配比时,淋滤液初始pH=2表层的pH值约为pH=3、4、5、7的1/2;随着淋滤液初始pH值、半动态淋滤后qu及内部pH值的增加,针刺深度减小;针贯入阻力与qu存在幂指数关系。此外,累积铅、钙、镁溶出质量随着初始淋滤液pH值、固化剂掺量的增加而减少,在初始淋滤液pH=2时,Ai,Pb、Ai,Ca、Ai,Mg分别约为pH=3、4、5和7的29～222倍、1.7～4.4倍和12.0～80.3倍;固化剂掺量为12%时的累积溶出质量约是18%掺量时的1.1～2.0倍;铅有效扩散系数De随着初始淋滤液pH值的增加而降低,初始淋滤液pH=2时的De比pH=3～7的De高约3～5个数量级;且低于水泥固化铅污染土De,当初始淋滤液pH=7时,GGBS-MgO固化土De相比于水泥固化土低1～2个数量级。 相似文献
5.
固化风沙土强度特性及固化机制试验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过PX固化剂对库布其沙漠风沙土进行加固。对不同含水状态、不同固化剂掺量、不同养护龄期下固化风沙土的强度特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明,不同含水状态下风沙土的强度特性是不同的,相同固化剂掺量、相同养护龄期时,固化风沙土在最优含水率下的无侧限抗压强度远远大于饱和含水率下的强度。相同含水状态下固化风沙土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加、养护龄期延长而增大,且在养护初期强度增长较快,当固化剂掺量为8 %、养护龄期为28 d时,固化风沙土强度满足国际上对固沙强度的要求。最优含水率下固化风沙土抗剪强度较风沙土有较大提高;当固化剂掺量为8 %时,固化风沙土凝聚力和内摩擦角均达到最大,此时固化风沙土抗剪强度约为风沙土的1.8倍。进而,通过扫描电镜对风沙土固化前后微观结构变化进行试验研究。研究结果表明,风沙土中掺入PX固化剂后,颗粒间由原来的弱连接变为胶结连接,解释了固化风沙土较风沙土强度得以提高、稳定性得以改善的内在原因。 相似文献
6.
7.
分散土遇水分散的特性是造成分散土地区堤坝、渠道边坡、道路边坡被冲蚀和管涌破坏等的重要原因,开展土体分散性判别工作是分散土地区进行工程建设的重要前提。首先通过针孔试验、碎块试验等对分散土进行判别,随后基于扫描电镜、X衍射等试验,研究分散土的分散机制及微观结构,分析土体分散的主次要影响因素。针对标准吸湿含水率与土体矿物成分蒙脱石含量具有较强线性关系的情况,大数据总结典型分散性黏土的蒙脱石含量与pH值分布特点,提出基于标准吸湿含水率+p H值测试的土体分散性的综合判别法,并给出相应的判别指标及判别程序,最后采用工程实例进行了验证。结果表明：具有一定的蒙脱石含量以及较高的p H值赋存环境是土体具备分散性的物质基础和环境保障;若土体中的蒙脱石含量≥10%且pH≥8.5,则可判断为分散土;不在此区间的土料仍需采用土的分散性判别方法及野外调查结果来综合判断土的分散性。 相似文献
8.
软黏土具有压缩性强、承载能力低的特点,实际工程中多用水泥作为固化剂对软黏土进行加固。云母是软黏土中较为常见的一种片状矿物,其含量和颗粒大小会影响水泥加固后的软黏土即水泥软黏土的强度。通过无侧限抗压强度试验和直接剪切试验研究云母含量及目数对水泥软黏土抗压强度及抗剪强度的影响,提出了云母含量、目数与水泥软黏土抗压强度、抗剪强度指标值之间的关系。试验中云母目数设定为10,20,40,80目共4个梯度,云母含量设定为0%、8%、16%、24%、32%共5个梯度。试验结果表明,云母含量的增加以及云母目数的减小会导致水泥软黏土无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度的降低,且其对无侧限抗压强度的不利影响更为显著。含10目32%云母的水泥软黏土的强度减少量最大,此时无侧限抗压强度为0.33 MPa,是不含云母水泥软黏土的25.5%;黏聚力为76.5 kPa,比不含云母时减少了12.24 kPa;内摩擦角由不含云母时的23.71°降低至21.77°。云母自身的片状形态及其对水泥水解水化作用、离子交换作用的阻碍是造成水泥软黏土强度降低的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
GS(Gypsum-Slag)土体硬化剂是一种由水泥、钢渣、矿渣和脱硫石膏及其他外加剂组成的新型土体固化材料。将GS土体硬化剂和水泥两种固化剂固化土作为研究对象,通过室内无侧限抗压强度试验和电镜扫描试验,研究固化土的应力-应变曲线以及土质、固化剂掺量、龄期对固化土力学性能的影响,观察其微观结构,进而对比分析GS土体硬化剂和水泥的特性,并进行现场试验加以验证。研究结果表明:相比水泥土,GS固化土应力-应变曲线存在明显峰值;GS固化土和水泥土的强度均随着掺量和龄期正增长,且GS固化土的长期强度更高;GS固化土和水泥土变形模量分别是其抗压强度的31.11~77.24倍和23.24~71.62倍;GS固化土现场成桩的完整性优于水泥土。相比水泥土,GS固化土具有强度增长快、后期强度高、经济效益好的特点,可较好满足地下工程和路基工程等土体加固应用需求。 相似文献
10.
水泥固化重金属污染土的强度特性试验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
土体受到重金属离子污染后,会引起土的工程性质的改变,重金属离子的渗出也会给周围环境带来严重的危害。在国外,目前常采用水泥固化技术来处治重金属污染土;而在我国,这方面的研究成果还很少。主要通过系统的室内试验和理论分析,研究了在不同污染物掺量、污染物类型、水泥掺量以及养护龄期条件下固化污染土的强度特性。试验结果表明,金属污染物的存在会导致土体无侧限抗压强度较小幅度的降低,但随着水泥掺入量及养护龄期的增加,土体强度会有显著提高。试验结果还发现,不同的污染物类型及掺入量对固化污染土强度存在不同的影响,NaCl能促进水泥固化土早期强度的提高,而CuCl2和AlCl3则会阻碍水泥与土的固化反应。 相似文献
11.
In nature, soils are often composed of varying amounts of clay, silt and sand. Variation of the percentage of these compositions can affect the final strength of the soils when stabilised with cement. In this study, focus was placed on clayey soils with different gradation of sand impurities up to 40% in mass. An extensive study of such clayey soils treated with cement was investigated. For the results, it is noted that water:cement ratio was a major influence of strength development of cement-treated clayey soils. In contrast, the soil:cement ratio was found to have minor effects on the strength development. The presence of sand impurities has a significant reduction on the strength development of the cement-treated clayey soil mixture due to more free water available for hydration. The use of free-water:cement ratio is adopted which was shown to be capable of adjusting for such change in amount of free water and water holding capacity of the clay which is determined with Atterberg’s liquid limit tests. The effects of gradation (fine, coarse and well-graded) of the sand impurities were found to affect strength development minimally, owing to similarities in their liquid limits when mixed with clay. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-treated clayey soils produced a more rapid gain in strength but lower final strength at 28 days of curing as compared with Portland blast furnace cement (PBFC). This is found to be persistent for different gradation of sand impurities. A linear correlation can be established based on the log of the unconfined compressive strengths developed at different curing age, with slopes of these linear trends found to be similar for PBFC and OPC-treated clayey soil specimens. Finally, a strength prediction model comprising of these findings is developed. The parameters adopted in this model coincide with values proposed by past studies, thereby validating the robustness of the model. The practical benefits from this study offer a quality control scheme to forecast long-term performance of cement-treated clayey soils as well as optimise cement dosage in cement stabilisation to produce a more cost-effective and less environmental-invasive usage of the technology in geotechnical applications.
相似文献12.
Clay soils, especially clay soils of high or very high swelling potential often present difficulties in construction operations. However, the engineering properties of these clay soils can be enhanced by the addition of cement, thereby producing an improved construction material. Higher strength loss of cement stabilized clay soils after soaking in water is attributed to water absorbing capacity of the clay fraction (e.g. montmorillonite). Kaolinite and illitic soils are largely inert and resist to water penetration. These clays generally develop satisfactory strengths resulting to low strength reduction [Croft, 1967]. The swelling clays such as bentonite soaked in water, due to environmental conditions, result to volume increase causing macro and micro-fracturing in engineering structures. These fractures accelerate water penetration and consequently cause greater strength loss [Sällfors and Öberg-Högsta, 2002]. The water intrusion during soaking creates swelling and disrupts the cement bonds. The development of internal and external force systems in soil mass, due to soaking conditions, establish the initiation of slaking. Internal force system of a stabilized clayey soil consists of the resultant stresses established by the bonding potential of a cementing agent and the swelling potential of a clay fraction. In an effort to study this influence of soaking conditions and final absorbed water content on the stabilization parameters (cement, compaction, curing time), both unconfined compressive strength and slaking (durability) tests were carried out on two different cement stabilized clayey mixtures consisted of active bentonite, kaolin and sand. 相似文献
13.
用似水灰比对水泥土无侧限抗压强度的预测 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
对以连云港地区的海相软土为原料的水泥土进行了一系列物理、强度试验,分析了含水量、水泥用量和龄期对水泥土强度的影响,提出了似水灰比的概念用于水泥土强度的预测。采用提出的水泥土强度预测公式,根据某一似水灰比、龄期28 d某种的水泥土室内试验强度,可以预测不同含水量、不同水泥用量和不同龄期的水泥土室内试验强度。通过比较分析发现,得出水泥土强度预测公式可以很好地应用于其他研究者已经发表的水泥土试验数据,进一步验证了所提出的强度预测公式的有效性。 相似文献
14.
Mousa F. Attom 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):781-788
Iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture were used to improve the shear strength characteristics of Irbid clayey soil.
For this purpose, five types of Irbid clay soils were obtained and mixed with iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture
at different percentages. Two sets of prepared samples were mixed with the admixture. The first set was prepared by mixing
the soil samples with iron filling alone at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% by dry weight of the soil. The second set was prepared
by mixing with iron filling–cement mixture at equal ratio of the same percentages of the first set. An unconfined compression
test was performed in this study to measure the shear strength properties of the soils. The test results showed that the increase
in the percentages of the iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture up to 10% will result in increasing the maximum dry
density of the soil and increase the unconfined compressive strength and the secant of modulus of elasticity of the clayey
soil. Also, the addition of iron filling–cement mixture increased the unconfined compressive strength and secant modulus of
elasticity of the clayey soil higher than the addition of iron filling alone. 相似文献
15.
微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(MICP)是一种绿色低碳的新型土体改性技术.该技术当前主要适用于渗透性较好的砂土,普遍使用两相处理方法,即菌液和胶结液分开施用.然而,对于渗透性相对较差的黏性土,传统的两相处理方法难以适用.为此,引入新的单相胶结方法,即菌液和胶结液混合施用,通过调节溶液的初始pH值为细菌水解作用提供窗口期,避免微生物絮凝阻塞孔隙,使混合液均匀分布于土体一定深度范围内,从而达到显著提升胶结效果的目的.利用喷洒法将混合液喷洒至土体表层进行MICP处理,处理完成后使用超微型贯入仪SMP-1测试土体表层不同深度处的结构强度,分析土体力学特性的空间差异,对土体的胶结效果进行定量评价.此外,探究了胶结液浓度(0.2M、0.5M和1.0M)及胶结方法(调节pH与否)对于土体结构强度及MICP改性效果的影响.结果表明:采用单相MICP技术对黏性土进行改性,能够显著提高其结构强度,具有较好的适用性;在不高于1.0 M的胶结液浓度范围内,黏性土的胶结效果随着胶结液浓度增加而提升;相比较而言,调节pH的单相胶结方法对于提升土体胶结的深度和均匀性有明显积极作用.新型单相MICP技术简单易行,能够节约成本,在黏性土表层加固方面具有潜在推广应用价值. 相似文献
16.
The present research work deals with an expansive high plastic clayey soil with cement kiln dust (CKD) and stabilizer (RBI Grade 81). The physical and engineering properties of soil are plasticity, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), consolidation and California bearing ratio (CBR) of the clayey soil and clay treated with CKD and stabilizer were determined. Soil chemistry was examined before and after treatment using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental dispersive spectrometer. The clay mixed with CKD, CKD and RBI Grade 81 was found that optimum contents are 10 % (CKD), 15 % CKD with 4 % RBI Grade 81, respectively. The result indicates that CKD alone will decrease maximum dry density and increase optimum moisture content. CKD with RBI Grade 81 slightly increases maximum dry density and decreases optimum moisture content. UCS increased with CKD alone and CKD with RBI Grade 81 from 88.3 to 976 kN/m2, respectively. CBR values were increased by the addition of CKD, CKD with RBI Grade 81 from 1.65 to 21.7 %. With the curing time of 3, 14 and 28 days, UCS and CBR values were increased due to pozzolanic reaction from cementations material. The treated soil has considerable reduction in compression index. SEM images clearly indicate the formation of CSH and CAH gel. 相似文献
17.
工业废渣加固土强度特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
工业废渣的资源化是解决工业废渣环境污染的有效途径之一。以粉煤灰和高炉矿渣为固化剂,石灰为碱性激发剂,对黏土进行加固。通过室内试验的方法,分析固化剂掺入量、养护龄期等对固化土无侧限抗压强度、pH值和饱和度等发展规律的影响。试验结果表明,固化土的无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺入量的增加而增大,随养护龄期的增加而增大,提出一个综合反映固化剂掺入量、养护龄期和压实度等因素对固化土强度影响规律的综合影响因子,固化土强度与综合影响因子呈负指数函数关系;粉煤灰+石灰和高炉矿渣+石灰可有效改良土体无侧限抗压强度特性;石灰是一种有效的碱性激发剂,可提供工业废渣发生火山灰反应的高碱性环境。试验成果为工业废渣改良不良土质的设计提供试验依据。 相似文献