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1.
新疆新源县城南石炭纪火山岩岩石学和元素地球化学研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
新疆新源县南部那拉提山北坡出露的石炭纪火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩和火山碎屑岩组成。该火山岩中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列,安山质岩石和流纹岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,其中轻稀土轻微富集而重稀土相对亏损,玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、U、Th和Pb,亏损高场强元素。研究表明,该火山岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔后,地幔楔发生部分熔融的结果。微量元素模拟计算表明,该玄武岩岩浆可以由石榴石二辉橄榄岩经3%~6%的部分熔融得到;安山质岩浆可由玄武岩岩浆经15%-28%的分离结晶形成。  相似文献   

2.
青海治多多彩地区火山岩岩石特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
多彩地区处于西金乌兰-义敦晚三叠世岛弧带的东段,成矿区带位于三江成矿带的北西段,区内已发现了尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床和拉迪欧玛铜矿点.重点分析了与该区成矿关系密切的火山岩的岩石特征,初步恢复了该区火山岩的喷发环境和火山机构,并探讨了火山活动与成矿的关系.研究表明,本区火山岩主要为英安岩及英安质火山碎屑岩,其次为安山岩、安山质火山碎屑岩.火山岩微量元素具有富集亲石元素Rb、Sr、Th及亲铁元素Co、Ni,亲Cu元素Zr与参照值相近,V、Ba元素的含量高于地壳的丰度值,Sc、Cr等元素亏损的特征.中-酸性火山岩稀土总量较高,稀土配分曲线上普遍出现Eu负异常,总体特征与造山带火山岩相似,火山岩相为溢流相.本区海相火山喷发发生在浅海地带,火山岩构造环境总体属于岛弧环境.成矿作用主要与古火山机构和后期动力变质作用有关.  相似文献   

3.
黑龙江三道湾子金矿区龙江组安山岩的年代学与地球化学   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
三道湾子金矿是我国东北地区重要的浅成低温热液金矿之一,金矿赋存在龙江组安山岩和安山质火山角砾岩中。本文对三道湾子金矿赋矿围岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素、岩石元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得龙江组安山岩加权平均年龄为121.4±1.8Ma,表明其喷出时代为早白垩世。在地球化学组成上,龙江组火山岩具有明显的轻重稀土分馏和弱Eu负异常,微量元素富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),岩石与岛弧安山岩地球化学特征相似。龙江组安山岩具有低的Sr初始比值[(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.704798~0.704919]和正的εNd(t)(0.7~1.8),说明岩浆源区具有弱亏损地幔的特征。三道湾子金矿区的龙江组安山岩可能形成于早白垩世岩石圈大规模伸展减薄的动力学背景下,由于伊泽奈崎板块运动方向的改变致使整个东北地区处于伸展构造背景中,软流圈上涌的同时下地壳与岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,导致整个东北地区广泛发育晚中生代岩浆作用,构成了三道湾子金矿的赋矿围岩。  相似文献   

4.
小岭旋回火山岩是辽东中生代火山岩的重要组成部分,主要岩性有安山岩、英安岩以及流纹质火山碎屑岩,属钾质钙碱性系列。其地球化学特征显示,火山岩总体具有高K、Na,低Al、Fe、Ca的特点。其中,火山熔岩具有富集Nb、Th、Hf、Zn,相对亏损Cs、Li、Sr的特点;火山碎屑岩普遍具贫Sr、V、Cu、Li,富含Hf的特点。火山岩总体为稀土富集型,安山岩及安山质火山碎屑岩,略显Eu正异常;流纹岩及流纹质火山碎屑岩具明显Eu负异常。火山岩成岩物质来源于地壳,成因以部分熔融为主,部分岩石显示具陆壳混染特点。火山岩形成动力来自于太平洋板块向古欧亚板块的俯冲,形成于早期拉张—晚期挤压的构造背景,具有板内活动带火山岩的特征。  相似文献   

5.
<正>腾冲地块位于西藏高原的东南边缘,属于拉萨地块的一部分。腾冲火山岩属于高钾钙碱性火山岩系,代表性火山岩有玄武岩、火成碎屑岩、玄武质粗安岩、玄武质安山岩和英安岩等。腾冲火山岩的地球化学特征和岛弧岩浆岩的特征十分相似,富集大离子亲石元素,具有Nb-Ta-Ti的负异常和Pb的正异常。从同位素组成来看,腾冲火山岩显示为高87Sr/86Sr、低εNd和富集Pb同位素的特征;表明其起源于富集地幔源  相似文献   

6.
木孜塔格-鲸鱼湖地区分布的新生代火山岩,主要由玄武安山岩、安山岩、安山玄武岩、白榴碱玄岩等组成.中性火山岩约占99.1%,具钙碱性/钾质中性火山岩特征.富集Ba、Rb、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Zr、Hf、Nb等高场强元素,并呈现相似的轻稀土元素富集的分布模式.火山岩沿区域深大断裂分布,深大断裂起到岩浆通道的作用.岩石地球化学环境判别表明它们都源自EMⅡ型地幔,属于轻稀土元素富集的一种壳-幔物质的混合地幔,形成于板内拉张构造环境.  相似文献   

7.
对青海南部治多-杂多一带晚三叠世结扎群火山岩进行了主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素及Sr、Nd同位素分析.结果表明:该火山岩是一套主要由玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩组成的偏碱性岩石,岩石化学上表现为低Ti,高Al;稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素富集,轻重稀土呈现较强的分馏并具有轻微的负铕异常;在微量元素地球化学方面,表现为富集大离子亲石元素,高场强元素Nb、Zr、P、Ti相对亏损,略具Ta、Nb槽;在Hf/3-Th-Nb/16及10TiO2-Al2O3-10K2O图解中,样品均落入岛弧火山岩区.火山岩的ISr、εNd(t)变化在0.70728~0.70818、-2.4~-4.2之间,表明形成晚三叠世火山岩的原始岩浆是壳幔混合型.综合上述火山岩的各种地球化学特征,表明该套火山岩形成于岛弧环境,由于晚三叠世班公湖-怒江洋发生海底扩张,甘孜-理塘洋向南西俯冲消减,产生强烈的碰撞造山,地幔物质在上涌过程中,受到陆壳的混染,结扎群火山岩为挤压造山机制下的陆缘火山弧岩石.  相似文献   

8.
西天山乌孙山地区大哈拉军山组由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及相应的火山碎屑岩组成,安山岩和流纹岩分布最广。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,火山活动喷发的安山岩与安山质晶屑凝灰熔岩分别形成于353.9Ma±6.5Ma和356.3Ma±4.4Ma,属于早石炭世早期。通过区域对比,西天山大哈拉军山组的火山岩浆作用显示从伊犁中天山板块南北缘向伊犁盆地内部逐渐变年轻的特点,且火山岩喷发时代差别不大(约40Ma)。岩石地球化学研究表明,火山岩属钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素。中性火山岩富集大离子亲石元素(如Cs、Rb、Th、U),而相对亏损高场强元素,具有明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,显示出岛弧火山岩的特征;酸性火山岩相对富集Rb、Th、U、Ta等元素,具有明显的Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti等元素的负异常。综合伊犁-中天山板块南缘的构造演化特征,认为大哈拉军山组形成于活动大陆边缘环境,产在板块俯冲-碰撞的最后阶段。  相似文献   

9.
汪方跃  高山  牛宝贵  张宏 《地学前缘》2007,14(2):98-108
华北克拉通罕见年龄界于120~100Ma的火山岩。承德盆地大北沟组火山岩下部主要由柱状节理橄榄玄武岩组成,中上部主要由安山岩组成。对紧邻玄武岩的上覆安山岩的火山锆石U-PbLA-ICPMS定年结果表明,形成年龄为(113.6±0.87)Ma,代表了该套火山岩的喷发年龄,表明它们形成于早白垩世晚期。对3件玄武岩样品的分析结果表明,它们亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),初始87Sr/86Sr同位素比值为0.7059,εNd(114Ma)为-11.04,具有富集型岩石圈地幔的特征。但该套玄武岩的主量和微量元素特征则介于华北克拉通中生代年龄>120Ma具古老富集型地幔特征的玄武岩和年龄<100Ma具亏损软流圈性质的玄武岩之间,表明113.6Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔在元素组成方面已具有由富集地幔向亏损型软流圈地幔转变的特征。大北沟组玄武岩的地球化学特征表明,114Ma时华北克拉通岩石圈地幔已减薄。  相似文献   

10.
通过对新疆卡拉麦里姜巴斯套组火山岩野外地质特征、岩石学和高精度同位素年代学的研究,发现姜巴斯套组火山岩具典型双峰式组合,岩石类型包括玄武岩-酸性火山碎屑岩-玄武粗面安山岩;得到玄武粗面安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(319.8±2)Ma(加权均方偏差值为3),表明姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于早石炭世谢尔普霍夫阶。对火山岩地球化学特征的研究表明,姜巴斯套组火山岩钙碱性系列、高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列岩石兼而有之,岩石的稀土元素配分曲线均为轻稀土元素富集型,无明显Eu异常,玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩具有K正异常和Sr负异常,酸性火山碎屑岩表现出Nb、Ta和Ti显著亏损。总体来说,姜巴斯套组火山岩富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。玄武岩和玄武粗面安山岩表现出大陆裂谷(大陆板内拉张区域)岩石特征;酸性火山碎屑岩表现出岛弧或者活动大陆边缘岩石属性。总之,姜巴斯套组火山岩形成于卡拉麦里洋盆闭合碰撞造山后的拉张伸展环境,卡拉麦里地区在早石炭世末期就进入了碰撞后的陆内伸展拉伸阶段。  相似文献   

11.
12.
南秦岭下地壳组成及岩石圈的拆离俯冲作用   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果,本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为:底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为:南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲,北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲,华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带,拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。  相似文献   

13.
青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
赵林  郭东信 《冰川冻土》1998,20(3):287-292
中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从1988年建站到1998年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化,  相似文献   

14.
铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下U、Th的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了U、Th在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。  相似文献   

15.
The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries.  相似文献   

16.
共和盆地层状地貌系统与青藏高原隆升及黄河发育   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用卫星遥感影像,结合实地调查和测年结果,对共和盆地层状地貌系统进行了解译、分析。研究表明,共和盆地层状地貌系统由山麓剥蚀面、洪积扇面、盆地面以及黄河阶地面构成,其空间结构、物质组成对发生于早更新世早期的青藏运动C幕和中更新世末期的共和运动反映清晰。青藏运动C幕使青藏高原主夷平面在高原差异性隆升中彻底解体,垂直变形量高达1700m。共和运动使黄河在0.11Ma进入共和盆地,其后黄河平均以3.5mm/a的侵蚀速率下切盆地,同时在盆地边部的山前古冲洪积扇以大致相近的速率被抬升,最终导致高差在2000m左右的层状地貌系统的出现。  相似文献   

17.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

18.
南海位于印度板块、欧亚板块和太平洋板块之间,是世界上最大的边缘海,其构造位置处于太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域,地质构造复杂.关于南海形成演化的动力学机制存在有多种不同观点,其中最重要的一个观点是印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞致使华南地块和印支地块地幔物质沿东南方向蠕动,从而导致南海的海底扩张.从特提斯的演化规律,以及新特提斯的闭合过程来看,南海并不是特提斯洋的残留海,而是新特提斯在闭合过程中配合印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞导致华南地块和印支地块地幔物质东南方向蠕动的动力学机制下,在南海重新活化的结果.  相似文献   

19.
20.
In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.
The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:
  • — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
  • — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
  • — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.
On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature.  相似文献   

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