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1.
以广西北海市的金海湾红树林作为研究对象,研究了红树林沉积物的粒度和过剩210Pb比活度特征,并结合当地风暴潮历史记录,识别红树林沉积中风暴沉积层并判定了其形成时间。结果表明:自1965年以来广西沿岸的5次强风暴潮在该红树林中留下了沉积记录;以这些风暴沉积层作为时间标志,可知1986—2008年,红树林前缘区的沉积速率为5.7 mm/a,内侧为7.3 mm/a;2008年以后,前缘区沉积速率降至2 mm/a,而内测沉积速率则增加至14~20 mm/a。2008年之后当地风暴潮频率增加可能是造成这一现象的主要原因。红树林前缘区风暴沉积粒度特征的分析表明,在强风暴潮期间,植株高大、树冠封闭度高的红树林对于波流能量的耗散程度要显著高于年龄较小、植株低矮的红树林。 相似文献
2.
全球气候变化对红树林生态系统的影响与研究对策 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
红树林生态系统出现于热带和亚热带的潮间带，是一个脆弱或敏感的生态系统，受到陆相和海相的双重影响，可能是全球气候变化影响的早期指示者。气候变化引起海平面升高的速率在９－１２ｃｍ／１００ａ时或超过红树林底质的沉积速率时，红树林就受到胁迫甚至消亡。平均气温上升可能造成红树林种类组成的变化。一定限度的升温有利红树植物的生长发育，但太高温度不利其叶的形成和光合作用，温度的累积作用会有相当大的影响，并通过土壤 相似文献
3.
根据对长江三角洲北部海安地区4个钻孔标志性沉积物(潮上带盐沼泥炭、高潮滩沉积)的年龄测定和高程测量,以及沉积物压实沉降量的分析研究,重建了本研究区全新世中期8.1～7.3 cal kyr BP和5.6～5.4 cal kyr BP的相对海平面位置。结果显示,8.1～7.3 cal kyr BP海平面缓慢上升1.46m,上升速率仅为0.2cm/yr, 与三角洲南部全新世早期海平面的快速上升(2cm/yr)形成鲜明对比,验证了冰盖控制下的全球海平面阶段性波动上升模式。对比长江三角洲地区海平面曲线发现,三角洲北部海平面曲线较南部低5～6m,长江三角洲海平面曲线与世界各地海平面曲线也存在明显差异,分析认为主要是由长江口地区的差异性沉降和中国东部边缘海的水均衡作用两个因素引起的。 相似文献
4.
针对外海海平面上升对中国沿海潮波系统和潮汐水位可能带来的影响,通过西北太平洋潮波数学模型对边界海平面上升后潮波变化进行了数值模拟。研究发现边界海平面上升后,在无潮点附近东侧迟角增加,西侧迟角减小;无潮点北侧振幅增加,南侧振幅减小;辽东湾、渤海湾顶、辽东半岛东海域、海州湾至鲁南沿海、苏北沿海、台湾海峡至浙东沿海和南海平均潮差增加,海平面上升0.90 m后潮差最大增幅达0.40 m;长江口、杭州湾至对马海峡、朝鲜西海岸和莱州湾海域潮差减小。随着海平面上升量值的增加,渤海、台湾海峡潮差变化速率相对稳定,黄海、东海和南海站位变化速率有所变动;平均高水位的变化趋势与潮差一致;潮差增加的区域,高水位抬升幅度超过边界海平面上升幅度。海平面上升引起的高水位超幅变化,增加了沿海地区对风暴潮和其他灾害防护的风险。 相似文献
5.
四川盆地下组合碳酸盐岩多成因岩溶储层发育特征及机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地下组合(震旦系至石炭系)的震旦系至奥陶系碳酸盐岩中发育三种成因类型的岩溶,即构造不整合面岩溶、准同生期沉积间断岩溶和同生期岩溶。受多期区域性构造抬升作用的影响,下组合中形成多个区域性构造不整合面,之下的碳酸盐岩发育不整合面岩溶型储层。在碳酸盐岩沉积后的准同生浅埋藏阶段,受到局部短期构造抬升作用而暴露至地表,发生沉积间断和岩溶改造,从而在相对较为连续的厚层碳酸盐岩中发育多层的沉积间断岩溶型储层。受短期相对海平面下降影响,下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩相白云岩暴露至海平面之上,遭受同生期的大气降水岩溶改造,在相对海平面上升—下降频繁变化作用下,发育多层同生期滩相岩溶型储层。由于构造抬升作用以及相对海平面下降而形成的不同级别层序界面,决定了该级别层序界面之下岩溶型储层发育的分布范围和强度,并且多种成因类型的岩溶从早至晚依次叠置和复合改造,构成了下组合岩溶型碳酸盐岩储层在垂向和横向上广泛发育的格局。 相似文献
6.
任一特定时期的地质演化都必定源自前期背景,并影响后继地质作用。元古宙的构造特征及晚古生代的地质记录可帮助我们更好地认识早古生代华北板块的构造-沉积演化,这一演化包括4 个阶段。第1 阶段(∈1-∈3)以被动陆缘的发育和全球海平面上升为特点,二者叠加形成强烈的相对海平面上升,并在南、北边缘形成早期沉积。第2 阶段(O1y-O1l)表现为因洋壳俯冲导致的西南部构造抬升及全球海平面下降,二者结合形成的相对海平面下降在华北中部及西南部形成分布广泛的不整合面及白云岩。第3 阶段(O1m-O2)期间,来自南、北的挤压导致以边缘上凸为特点的板块变形,在伴以全球海平面上升的情况下导致轻度的相对海平面上升并形成板块中部局限陆表海的膏岩沉积。第4 阶段(O3-C1)则是强烈的南北挤压和全球海平面下降导致华北大陆板块整体鞍状抬升和长期不整合的发育,该不整合在北部及南部的侵蚀作用明显强于中部。 相似文献
7.
通过对藏北羊湖河谷第四纪沉积成分、地貌、年龄值、孢粉和氧化物等的测试、研究,确定了本区140kaB.P.以来沉积序列和1个河流阶地、3个河湖积台地的地貌状况,并得到140kaB.P.以来本区至少经历了4个半干-湿气候旋回,目前正处于干旱期.同时通过不同时期的阶地、台地的不同高程使我们得以了解地壳相对抬升趋势,从98.5kaB.P.以来地壳抬升速率为2.21mm/a,总体显示抬升速率低的特征. 相似文献
8.
政府间气候变化专门委员会1995年气候变化评价报告指出,全球海平面在过去的100年里上升了18cm,预测全球海平面将加速上升,在2050年时上升20cm,2100年时上升49cm.根据近40多年的验潮资料分析,中国沿岸海平面上升速率为1.4～2.0mm/a,与全球上升速率一致。由于沿海许多地区的严重地面沉降,地壳垂直升降的不同,以及其它因素的影响,我国沿岸海平面的相对上升各不相同,严重地区的上升速率要大得多。海平面的加速上升必将使我国沿海大部地区的风暴潮等自然灾害更加严重。 相似文献
9.
有效厚度拟合定量恢复原始地层超覆点位置 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地层超覆点的迁移是层序地层分析和海平面变化曲线编制的重要依据。受构造抬升、海平面下降或二者共同作用影响,地层超覆点在沉积后常被剥蚀。如何恢复其原始沉积时的位置,至今尚无定量方法提出。基于地层厚度自盆地边缘向盆地中心依次增大,或先增大、后减小的分布特点,采用指数与线性相结合的分段函数模型,利用未剥蚀区地层厚度数据拟合外推恢复原始地层超覆点位置。该方法适用于被动大陆边缘、大型三角洲沉积区及坳陷型盆地,应用于巽他陆架晚新生代地层分析,取得满意效果. 相似文献
10.
惠州凹陷新近系K系列海平面变化定量分析及大数据应用展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷南部为例,对地质历史时期的相对海平面变化进行了定量分析和估算,得到了研究区的相对海平面变化曲线。通过对比分析,INPEFA方法得出的曲线更能代表相对海平面变化。研究区K系列沉积时期,海平面总体是上升的,但上升的速率在不同的位置不尽相同。总体而言,四级层序海侵体系域(TST)的上升速率要稍高于与其相邻的同级别高位体系域(HST)的速率。海平面主要以交替的快速上升(海侵)和缓慢上升(海退)为特点。Fischer方法得出的曲线在本地区不直接反映相对海平面(可容纳空间)变化,但可以指示富砂层段的位置。本文进一步分析认为,可以利用地层的层序结构、分形特性以及离散的地层年龄等数据,依据贝叶斯-拉普拉斯(Bayes-Laplace)原理构建数据驱动的迭代模型,进而从粗略到精细,实现相对海平面在时间域的高精度刻画,为小尺度古环境研究和精细油藏描述提供支撑。 相似文献
11.
Mangrove encroachment of salt marsh in Western Port Bay, Victoria: The role of sedimentation, subsidence, and sea level rise 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Surface elevation tables, feldspar marker horizons, and210Pb analysis of core profiles were implemented at four sites in Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia, to provide information
on the role of sedimentation, subsidence or compaction, and enhanced sea-level rise in contributing to salt marsh decline.
Photogrammetric surveys indicate that the rate of salt marsh decline that is attributable to mangrove encroachment is lower
in Western Port Bay than in comparable sites in New South Wales. Differences in the rate of mangrove encroachment at Western
Port Bay may be attributed to the inverse relationship found between the degree of mangrove encroachment and surface elevation
increase. While sedimentation contributes to surface elevation changes, surface elevation is not solely explained by sedimentation;
factors including autocompaction and changes in the water table also play a significant role in Western Port Bay. Historic
sedimentation rates measured using210Pb dating techniques corresponded to contemporary sedimentation rates determined from feldspar marker horizons. Core sediment
profiles show no change in sedimentation rates at three sites. A fourth site (French Island) was the only site that exhibited
high rates of sedimentation, which appears to be related to local land-use changes in the area. All sites maintained their
elevation with respect to sea level over the study period. Historic sedimentation exceeded sea-level rise for the past 32
yr, but it is difficult to determine the extent to which belowground processes affect surface elevation, causing deviations
between surface elevation and sedimentation over longer periods. 相似文献
12.
Natalie M. Monacci Ursula Meier-Grünhagen Bruce P. Finney Hermann Behling Matthew J. Wooller 《Quaternary Research》2011,76(2):220-228
This study examines a sediment core (SR-63) from a mangrove ecosystem along the Sibun River in Belize, which is subject to both changes in sea-level and in the characteristics of the river's drainage basin. Radiocarbon dates from the core show a decreased sedimentation rate from ~ 6 ka to 1 cal ka BP and a marked change in lithology from primarily mangrove peat to fluvial-derived material at ~ 2.5 cal ka BP. Changes in the sedimentation rates observed in mangrove ecosystems offshore have previously been attributed to changes in relative sea-level and the rate of sea-level rise. Pollen analyses show a decreased abundance of Rhizophora (red mangrove) pollen and an increased abundance of Avicennia (black mangrove) pollen and non-mangrove pollen coeval with the decreased sedimentation rates. Elemental ratios ([N:C]a) and stable isotope analyses (δ15N and δ13C) show that changes in the composition of the organic material are also coeval with the change in lithology. The decrease in sedimentation rate at the site of core SR-63 and at offshore sites supports the idea that regional changes in hydrology occurred during the Holocene in Belize, influencing both mainland and offshore mangrove ecosystems. 相似文献
13.
Located at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, mangroves are particularly sensitive to environmental change. They provide a sedimentary sink for organic carbon, whereby cores can provide detailed records of mangrove species. We aimed to trace the history of mangrove development over the past 150 years in Yingluo Bay, SW China. Sedimentation rates (avg. 0.32 and 0.37 cm/year) were calculated on the basis of ln(210Pbex) vs. mass depth, and offset the rate of relative sea level rise (0.22–0.24 cm/year), leading to a seaward expansion of new mangrove habitats. Chemical tracers (δ13Corg and C:N) and an isotope mixing model were utilized to trace the contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter (MOM). Changes in the relative abundance of pollen from mangrove plants was used to compensate for diagenetic alteration of the stable isotope values and potential overlaps in isotope values for different sources of organic matter. The result of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the MOM was moderately positive correlated with total mangrove pollen, indicating that stable carbon isotopes and mangrove pollen provide similar information for tracing mangrove ecosystems. Based on results from this study, compositional changes in mangrove communities could be divided into two main stages: a degradation period (1870–1930 AD) and a flourishing period (1930–2011 AD), corresponding to colder temperature and warmer temperature, respectively. Owing to the location being far away from any industrial area and human activity, temperature may be a key factor for mangrove development. 相似文献
14.
Recent very high-resolution seismic profiles ground-truthed by vibrocores allow us to evidence an atypical incised valley fill in a drowned valley segment, the ‘Pertuis Breton’ (Bay of Biscay, France). The sedimentary valley-fill architecture mainly includes five superimposed progradational wedges composed by marine sands. Sandbodies show a landward migration of their depocentres upward and are topped by almost flat unconformities extended by submarine terraces. This sedimentary infill pattern is similar to backstepping wedges, described on continental shelfs. It suggests that this valley fill records sea-level rise during the last transgression. To cite this article: N. Weber et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
15.
Charles T. Roman 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(3):711-716
Many salt marshes throughout southern New England are exhibiting a trend toward submergence, as reported in this volume and other published literature. This paper provides a brief perspective on sea-level rise and the many other interacting factors that contribute to marsh submergence in this and other regions. Curtailing nutrient loading and removing or altering barriers (e.g., dams, dikes) to the delivery of suspended sediment to marshes are discussed as management or restoration techniques to consider for increasing long-term sustainability of marshes. Adaptation measures are many (e.g., thin-layer sediment application to marsh surface, facilitation of landward marsh migration, shoreline stabilization), but all require study to evaluate their potential for enhancing resilience. Research, monitoring, and dynamic modeling, coupled with appropriate management and adaptation approaches implemented at local and regional scales, will contribute to the challenge of sustaining salt marshes in an uncertain future of sea-level rise, other climate factors, and stressors associated with a developing coastal zone. 相似文献
16.
福建罗源湾潮滩沉积过程对人类活动和台风事件的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潮滩地区是人类活动和台风事件影响最为显著的地区之一,利用潮滩沉积记录可以提取影响区域重大人类活动和台风事件的历史变化。罗源湾潮滩中上部盐沼和光滩柱状沉积物粒度分析结果显示,罗源湾潮滩沉积物以细颗粒为主,盐沼内部和潮滩中上部光滩柱状沉积物平均粒径分别为5.41~45.00 μm和5.4~68.82 μm,但在不同深度出现多次沉积物变粗的现象;利用210Pb测试计算得到的沉积速率分别为1.96 cm/a和1.23 cm/a;近年来的围填海活动导致潮间带地区沉积速率显著增大,互花米草的引种也进一步导致潮间带上部沉积速率增大。台风的强烈影响使得潮间带沉积出现间断,在沉积间断界面出现沉积物粒度变粗的现象,由此推断了近170年来显著影响罗源湾地区的台风事件沉积层的位置,并由此计算了不同时段的沉积速率。根据柱状沉积物粒度分析结果,不仅可以反演近百年来的对罗源湾产生重要影响的台风事件,也可以反演20世纪50年代以来罗源湾经历的几次较大规模的人类活动。 相似文献
17.
Song Hong (Red River) delta evolution related to millennium-scale Holocene sea-level changes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Susumu Tanabe Kazuaki Hori Yoshiki Saito Shigeko Haruyama Van Phai Vu Akihisa Kitamura 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(21-22):2345-2361
The Song Hong (Red River) delta occurs on the northwest coast of the South China Sea. Its evolution in response to Holocene sea-level changes was clarified on the basis of sedimentary facies and 14 radiocarbon dates from the 40 m long Duy Tien core from the delta plain, and using previously reported geological, geomorphological, and archaeological data. The delta prograded into the drowned valley as a result of early Holocene inundation from 9 to 6 cal. kyr BP, as sea-level rise decelerated. The sea-level highstand at +2–3 m from 6 to 4 cal. kyr BP allowed widespread mangrove development on the delta plain and the formation of marine notches in the Ha Long Bay and Ninh Binh areas. During sea-level lowering after 4 cal. kyr BP, the former delta plain emerged as a marine terrace, and the delta changed into the present tide- and wave-influenced delta with accompanying beach ridges. Delta morphology, depositional pattern, and sedimentary facies are closely related to Holocene sea-level changes. In particular, falling sea level at 4 cal. kyr BP had a major impact on the evolution of the Song Hong delta, and is considered to be linked to climate changes. 相似文献
18.
Marcelo C. L. Cohen Paloma Maria Pinto Camargo Luiz C. R. Pessenda Flávio Lima Lorente Adriana V. De Souza José Augusto Martins Corrêa José Bendassolli Marianne Dietz 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1013-1027
The high sea-level stand during the mid-Holocene is a benchmark in mangrove dynamics along the north-east/south-east coast of Brazil and provides a reference point for landward and seaward mangrove migrations corresponding to changes in relative sea level (RSL). However, evidence of the impacts associated with RSL fall on the northern Brazilian coast is scarce. Multi-proxy data from the highest tidal flats of the Bragança Peninsula in northern Brazil revealed modern herbaceous areas were occupied by mangroves Rhizophora and Avicennia from ~6250 to ~5850 cal a bp , and only Avicennia between ~5850 and ~5000 cal a bp . The same tidal flats were vegetation-free between ~5000 and ~4300 cal a bp . A combination of a high sea-level stand (0.6 ± 0.1 m) at ~5000 cal a bp and a dry early–middle Holocene in the Amazon probably caused an increase in porewater salinity of tidal flats, which resulted in a mangrove succession from Rhizophora to Avicennia dominance. RSL fall accentuated this process, contributing to mangrove degradation between ~5000 and ~4300 cal a bp . RSL fall, and a wetter period over the past ~4300 cal a bp caused a mangrove migration from highest to lowest flats, followed by expansion of herbaceous vegetation on the highest flats. 相似文献
19.
Catherine E. Lovelock Maria Fernanda Adame Vicki Bennion Matthew Hayes Julian O’Mara Ruth Reef Nadia S. Santini 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(3):763-771
Mangrove forests and saltmarshes are important habitats for carbon (C) sequestration in the coastal zone but variation in rates of C sequestration and the factors controlling sequestration are poorly understood. We assessed C sequestration in Moreton Bay, South East Queensland in mangrove forests and tidal marshes that span a range of environmental settings and plant communities, including mangrove forests and tidal marshes on the oligotrophic sand islands of the eastern side of Moreton Bay and on the nutrient enriched, western side of the bay adjacent to the city of Brisbane. We found that rates of C sequestration in sediments were similar among mangrove forests over the bay, despite large differences in the C density of sediments, because of different rates of vertical accretion of sediments. The C sequestration on the oligotrophic sand island tidal marshes, dominated by Juncus kraussii, had the highest rate of C sequestration in the bay while the western saltmarshes, which were dominated by Sarcocornia quinqueflora, had the lowest rate of C sequestration. Our data indicate C sequestration varies among different tidal wetland plant community types, due to variation in sediment characteristics and rates of sediment accretion over time. 相似文献
20.
Shennan Ian Tooley Michael Green Frances Innes Jim Kennington Kevin Lloyd Jeremy Rutherford Mairead 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1998,77(3-4):247-262
Analyses of geomorphologically contrasting sites in Morar, NW Scotland, describe the forcing mechanisms of coastal change. Isolation basins (i.e. basins behind rock sills and now isolated from the sea following isostatic uplift) accumulated continuous marine and freshwater sediments from c.12 to 2 ka BP. Raised dune, marsh and wetland sites register breaching, migration and stability of dunes from c. 9 to 2 ka BP. High-resolution methods designed to address issues of macroscale and microscale sea-level changes and patterns of storminess include 1-mm sampling for pollen, dinocyst and diatom analyses, infra-red photography, X-ray photography and thin-section analysis. The data enhance the record of relative sea-level change for the area. Major phases of landward migration of the coast occurred during the period of low sea-level rise in the mid-Holocene as the rate of rise decreased from c. 3 to < 1 mm/year. Relative sea-level change controls the broad pattern of coastal evolution at each site; local site-specific factors contribute to short-term process change. There is no record of extreme events such as tsunami. Within a system of dynamic metastable equilibrium, the Holocene records show that site-specific factors determine the exact timing of system breakdown, e.g. dune breaching, superimposed on regional sea-level rise. The global average sea-level rise of 3 to 6 mm/yr by AD 2050 predicted by IPCC would only partly be offset in the Morar area by isostatic uplift of about 1 mm/yr. A change from relative sea-level fall to sea-level rise, in areas where the regional rate of uplift no longer offsets global processes, is a critical factor in the management of coastal resources. 相似文献