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过量开采岩溶水会导致岩溶地面塌陷,枣庄则是全国岩溶地面塌陷比较严重的地区之一,塌陷已对当地的居民生活和经济建设造成了巨大的危害。根据大量的勘察资料和地下水动态监测资料,研究了枣庄地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征,探讨了岩溶地面塌陷的形成机理,岩溶裂隙和上覆土层的性质和厚度是岩溶地面塌陷的先决条件,地下水位大幅度升降引起的物理地质作用是塌陷的主要动力来源,震动和水位突变是重要的诱发因素。 相似文献
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咸宁市城区岩溶地面塌陷预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
咸宁市是湖北省发生岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害的地区之一。本文论述了该城区发生的岩溶地面塌陷特征,分析了形成的基本条件,应用层次评判法对其可能发生塌陷的敏感程度进行预测分区,为岩溶地面塌陷的防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本文以铜陵地区为研究对象,阐述该区域岩溶地面塌陷的发育现状,分析其成因和类型,研究岩溶地面塌陷的平面形态特征、剖面形态特征,叙述岩溶地面塌陷的危害性 相似文献
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岩溶地面塌陷预测模型初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
岩溶的发育程度、上覆岩土体性质是岩溶地面塌陷形成的基本条件;地下水位下降,地表水或降水入渗,震动荷载等动力扰动,是形成岩溶地面塌陷产生的诱发动力条件。本文以山东省泰安市岩溶地面塌陷区为例,讨论了岩溶地面塌陷的产生机理,并从受力情况对其进行了分析探讨,从而提出了岩溶地面塌陷的预测模型。本文还根据研究区的8个塌陷实例对模型进行了检验。结果表明,该模型的计算结果与实际情况基本吻合。 相似文献
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歌乐山岩溶地面塌陷发育特征 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
歌乐山为高位岩溶地带,加之近年来人类工程活动加剧,岩溶地面塌陷发生频繁。中梁山山脉沙坪坝行政区段基本覆盖传统意义上歌乐山地区,文章以此为研究范围,搜集以往调查、勘察资料并加以系统分析,旨在研究、总结歌乐山地区岩溶地面塌陷发育特征。研究结果表明,区内岩溶地面塌陷数量呈现逐年递增的趋势,但季节分布不均匀,其空间上主要分布在岩溶较发育、地下水位变动较大、地层岩性碳酸钙含量较高、土层厚度3～8 m的地带;塌陷发育过程分为早期、中期、晚期三个阶段,以潜蚀作用为主导因素。 相似文献
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广州金沙洲岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害成因分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
广州金沙洲是岩溶地面塌陷危害较严重的地区之一,至目前已发生塌陷24个,主要集中分布在某高铁隧道两侧,与隧道垂直距离小于400 m;塌陷的形成与发展与金沙洲地质环境条件脆弱、高铁隧道施工抽排地下水有很大的关系。调查表明,金沙洲北东向断裂构造发育,隐伏灰岩见洞率60 %～76.9 %,线岩溶率最大达52.58 %,部分地段灰岩上覆土体厚度小于15 m。金沙洲某高铁隧道施工期间多个时段排水强烈,排水量达2 000～3 000 m 3 /d,导致地下水位剧烈波动,并引发了20多个岩溶地面塌陷,而在隧道施工之前及在隧道施工不抽排水的个别时段,区内均无塌陷发生。上述岩溶塌陷发育特征表明,脆弱的地质环境条件是金沙洲岩溶地面塌陷的内在因素,而高铁隧道施工抽排地下水则是岩溶地面塌陷的直接诱发因素。 相似文献
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山东省枣庄盆地岩溶塌陷形成条件及易发区划分方法探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
枣庄市是碳酸盐岩分布较广的地区之一，也是以开发利用岩溶地下水为主的城市。20a来，岩溶塌陷灾害比较严重，在山东省较为突出，已成为当地发展经济的制约因素和社会不安定因素之一。为防治灾害的发生、发展，在研究岩溶塌陷形成条件、影响因素的基础上，依据岩溶塌陷形成、发育的地质环境条件、规模和强度等，采用袭扰系数法对岩溶塌陷易发性进行分区，划分出高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不发育区。对高、中易发区提出了监测、勘查、工程和水资源合理开发利用等措施，有的放矢地预防岩溶塌陷灾害，使地质环境与经济协调发展。 相似文献
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Through geological investigation of karst collapses at Zaozhuang City, China, it was found that the mechanism of karst collapse in areas of excess water extraction is characterized by a seepage effect and that the seepage-pressure effect is the initial factor that induces karst collapse. The causation mechanisms for karst collapse can be divided into two phases: the inter-collapse phase and the surface-collapse phase. Therefore, based on the limit-equilibrium theory, this paper has established mechanical models for the surface-collapse phase and determined values for the stability of the arch formed by the soil hole in an inter-collapse phase. In addition, an evaluation of a karst collapses at Zaozhuang City, China, was completed using mechanical models. The results show that the mechanical models agree with the theory of karst collapse at Zaozhuang City. Thus, it is proved that the karst collapse models can be used for the evaluation of karst collapse in areas that are over-pumped. 相似文献
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Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model and evaluation of the karst collapse susceptibility in Zaozhuang Region, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst collapses in Zaozhuang area are the typical karst collapses induced by groundwater over-pumping in north China, which lead to severe economic loss and negative societal influence. Based on the comprehensive analysis of all natural influencing factors and human influencing factors associated with karst collapse in the Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area, China, this paper establishes karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model by means of fuzzy mathematic method, in which the Quantitative theory method was firstly applied in determination of the factor weights. The karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model with 14 evaluation indicators can be effectively used for quantitative evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility. So, an analysis and evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed by means of karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model. The karst collapse area of Zaozhuang region is divided into very high susceptibility area, high susceptibility area, medium susceptibility area and low susceptibility area, which account for about 6.3, 5.2, 10.4 and 78.1 % of the total karst area and the karst collapse susceptibility evaluation map of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed. The results above will be helpful for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst water resources and with prevention and control of karst collapse hazards of this region. 相似文献
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Keqiang He Yuyue Jia Weigong Chen Ronglu Wang Huilai Luo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3443-3454
Based on the comprehensive analysis of factors influencing karst collapse in the Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area, China, this paper establishes a karst collapse risk evaluation model by means of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Application of the model led to division of the study area into very high risk area, high risk area, average risk area and low risk area; therefore, the karst collapse risk evaluation map of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed. As preventive measures of karst collapse, the different karst water resource protection areas of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area are established, and the map for karst water resource protection area of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is compiled. The results will be helpful for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst water resources and with prevention and control of karst collapse hazards of this region. 相似文献
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Karst collapse is a type of complicated environmental and geological hazard that can be caused by many factors: natural factors, such as rainfall, and human activities, such as overpumping of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to make a comprehensive analysis and evaluation on karst collapse risks and impacts of the influencing factors of karst collapse. However, how these factors affect karst collapse is still a problem, which has not yet been well solved. Taking the karst collapse in groundwater exploitation area of Shiliquan of Zaozhuang, China, as the example, and based on the comprehensive analysis of the formation rule and mechanism of karst collapse in this area, this paper mainly employs Quantification Theory to make a quantitative analysis and evaluation of various influencing factors of karst collapse in the groundwater exploitation area of Shiliquan of Zaozhuang. It thereby determines the impact of different influencing factors on karst collapse strength, and identifies the dominant and minor factors that affect the karst collapse. It also provides some criteria for the prevention of karst collapse and protection of karst water resources and environment. 相似文献
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模糊数学评判山东省枣庄地质灾害现状与发展趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
枣庄市是山东省地质环境脆弱、地质灾害多发地区之一,近十几年来,采空塌陷、岩溶塌陷、崩塌、地裂缝等灾害频繁发生,人们的生存环境进一步恶化,成为经济社会进一步发展的主要制约因素之一。论文根据多年的研究成果,通过选取评判指标建立模糊数学评判模型对枣庄市地质灾害现状及发展趋势进行评判,并以地质灾害发育涉及的区域按照地质灾害类型及主要地质灾害发育程度进行评判分区。评判指标选取基本符合枣庄地质灾害现状实际,所建立的评判模型能够反映枣庄市地质灾害现状及发展趋势。 相似文献
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枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
渗压效应是指由于降雨入渗补给岩溶地下水,而对盖层土体产生的综合作用,包括静水增荷效应、垂直渗透效应、吸水软化效应及负压封闭效应。渗压效应致塌机制是多年持续采水区降落漏斗中心部位岩溶塌陷的主要力学机制。本文根据普氏理论及极限平衡理论分别建立了内部塌陷阶段临界土洞的高度表达式及地表塌陷阶段的渗压效应致塌力学模型,并用表达式及模型对枣庄市的岩溶塌陷进行了验证分析与评价,分析结果与实际塌陷情况符合较好,建立的表达式与模型基本上反映了该地区岩溶塌陷的形成机理。 相似文献