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1.
截齿是煤矿采掘机械上截割工作的主要承载对象,其与工作面的截割力预测对减小截齿磨损十分重要。利用颗粒流仿真软件PFC2D将被截割岩石作为颗粒物质进行单齿截割模拟仿真,通过研究截割时颗粒间力链的特性探讨了单齿截割岩石时接触状态对截割力的影响。利用单齿截割岩石试验台进行了截割力试验,获得了截割法向力和切向力随截割参数的变化规律及掉落碎片的特征。研究结果表明,单齿截割岩石颗粒物质的力链数目与力链长度的关系符合单轴压缩试验结果,能够采用离散元的方法对截齿截割状态进行模拟。力链网络沿着点接触方向扩散并延长,力链方向与截割角度有关,平均法向力方向呈“花生”状,切向力方向呈“花瓣”状。力链数目随截割角度的减小和截割深度的增加而减少,力链长度随截割距离的增加而增加,最大平均长度为8个颗粒尺寸。当截割角度较大时,较为容易形成力链。单齿截割天然砂岩法向力和切向力随截割角度的增加和截割深度的减小而减小。截割碎片尺寸与截割切向力线性拟合度为0.87。基于力链长度的截割力预测模型相比Evans预测模型法向力精度提高了17.6%,切向力精度提高了16.9%。研究结果能够为截齿和采掘机械截割系统的设计以及截割工艺的优化奠定一定的研究基础。 相似文献
2.
In this paper, firstly the mesoscopic elemental mechanical model for elastic damage is developed and implemented into the rock and tool interaction code (R-T2D). Then the failure processes of a heterogeneous rock specimen subjected to a wide variety of confining pressures (0–80 MPa) are numerically investigated using the R-T2D code. According to the simulated results, on the one hand, the numerical simulation reproduced some of the well-known phenomena observed by previous researchers in triaxial tests. Under uniaxial compression, rock failure is caused by a combination of axial splitting and shearing. Dilatancy and a post-failure stage with a descending load bearing capacity are the prominent characteristics of the failure. As the confining pressure increases, the extension of the failed sites is suppressed, but the individual failure sites become dense and link with each other to form a shear fracture plane. Correspondingly, the peak strength, the residual strength and the shear fracture plane angle increase, but the brittleness decreases. When the confining pressure is high enough, the specimen behaves in a plastic manner and a narrow shear fracture plane leads to its failure. The prominent characteristics are volume condensation, ductile cataclastic failure, and a constant load bearing capacity with increasing strain. On the other hand, the numerical simulation revealed some new phenomena. The highest microseismicity events occur in the post-failure stage instead of the maximal stress, and most of the microseismicity energies are released in the failure localization process. As the confining pressure increases, the microseismicity events in the non-linear deformation stage increase dramatically and the ratio between the energies dissipated at the non-linear deformation stage and those dissipated in the whole loading process increases correspondingly. Therefore, it is concluded that the developed mesoscopic elemental mechanical model for elastic damage is able to reproduce accurately the failure characteristics in loading rock specimens under triaxial conditions, and the numerical modelling can furthermore obtain some new clarifications of the rock fracture process. 相似文献
3.
Hangyu Dong Baohua Guo Yizhe Li Kai Si Long Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(3):1169-1183
The prime objective of this work is to provide a reference to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures. The paper studied some shear properties of rock fractures and proposed an empirical formula for the peak shear strength of rock fractures based on 3D morphology parameters. The rock fractures were induced in cylindrical sandstone and marble specimens by means of indirect tension. A rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200) was adopted to conduct direct shear tests on five groups of rock fractures under different levels of normal load. Before the direct shear test, 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces were obtained using a 3D optical scanner. By analyses of direct shear test data, the relationships between peak shear strength, peak shear displacement, peak dilatancy angle, residual friction coefficient and peak normal stress were found. According to the evolution trends of peak shear strength and peak dilatancy angle along with the normal stress, an empirical formula was proposed to predict the peak shear strength of rock fractures in both sliding and cutting failure modes considering the 3D morphology parameters of rock fracture surfaces. The empirical formula could be commonly used for different types (sandstone and marble) and grain sizes (powder-grained, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained) of rock fractures. 相似文献
4.
扩孔器是定向穿越扩孔钻进阶段进行岩土切削的主要工具,合理的结构设计是提高扩孔时效、降低工程复杂问题出现几率的主要手段,且由于扩孔阶段是决定定向穿越工程工期的最主要阶段,因此,对扩孔器切削齿的切削效率进行深入研究是非常必要的。从单齿正交切削岩土的机制入手,综合考虑岩土与切削齿面之间的接触摩擦及岩土剪切区的剪切作用,分析了单齿正交切削岩土的力学特征,基于能够考虑中间主应力对岩土破坏影响的Drucker-Prager强度准则,推导了单齿正交切削岩土的主切削力与主切削力矩计算公式;在利用有限元计算程序对所推导公式进行验证的基础上,优选了剪切角计算模型,获得了不同岩土材料时的主切削力解析解,并分析了不同齿前角对主切削力的影响规律,从而获得单齿正交切削岩土的最优齿前角,为进一步研究扩孔器整体结构设计并针对不同岩土介质设计出适应性更强的扩孔器结构奠定基础。 相似文献
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为了提高坚硬岩层隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine, TBM）贯入度和降低滚刀受力,高压水射流辅助TBM滚刀破岩已在工业界初步应用。为了揭示水力切缝滚刀破岩机制,基于水力切缝岩石滚刀贯入试验进行了三维颗粒流模拟,研究了滚刀贯入力和贯入刚度随切缝深度的变化规律,揭示了不同切缝深度滚刀纵横剖面内的裂纹扩展和力链演化过程,分析了拉裂纹和剪裂纹随切缝深度的变化规律,明确了不同切缝岩石滚刀贯入的破坏模式和破坏机制。结果表明,第1次贯入的贯入刚度和贯入力随切缝深度的增加大致呈线性降低,第2次贯入的峰值力和贯入刚度小于第1次。而且,50～80 mm刀间距的变化对峰值贯入力的影响并不显著。随着切缝深度的增加,滚刀下方力链集中区边缘的倾角变大。由此导致破坏倾向于倾斜向下发展,当刀间距增加时,破坏由切缝一侧倾斜破坏向两切缝中间岩脊倾斜破坏转变,研究结果可为TBM滚刀与水射流布置和切缝深度的选取提供一定参考。 相似文献
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利用室内剪切试验装置,开展不同正应力、自然与饱水条件下岩体异性结构面的剪切试验,分析异性结构面的剪切变形和强度特性,利用JRC-JCS抗剪强度力学模型将试验结果与计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,（1）异性结构面的剪切变形曲线属于弹塑性残余变形类型。相比自然状态试件,饱水试件的弹性区减小,较早进入峰值区或塑性区;（2）异性结构面的剪切刚度均随法向力的增大而增大,但同一正应力下饱水试件的剪切刚度要小于自然状态的剪切刚度,在低法向力下尤为显著;（3）水对岩体异性结构面剪切强度参数有不同程度的弱化,尤其对内摩擦角 的劣化明显;（4）只要计算参数选取得当,并考虑实际岩体的受力及水等情况,JRC-JCS计算模型可以为实际工程岩体的结构面强度提供较为准确的参数。 相似文献
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基于剪切与张拉破岩机制,提出拉剪综合失效机制假设;建立了非协同切削与协同切削体积模型,推导了协同切削模式的滚刀比能耗理论模型;通过离散元仿真得到滚刀侵入岩石裂纹长度与贯入度的映射关系;推导出滚刀最优刀间距理论公式;以全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）回转切削试验台为基础,水泥模拟料为切削对象,通过多次压痕试验得到滚刀贯入度和岩石裂纹长度的趋势曲线,验证了仿真结果;通过滚刀滚动破岩进行了12组不同贯入度与刀间距的物理切削试验,统计滚刀做功与岩石破碎体积,拟合得到比能耗关系曲线,验证了最优刀间距理论公式的结论。研究表明：TBM滚刀最优刀间距计算公式综合考虑了岩石特性与滚刀结构特性,适应性较广泛;刀间距超过滚刀协同工作距离时,滚刀破岩以剪切破碎为主;刀间距小于2倍岩石裂纹长度时,张拉破碎的影响更加明显;随着贯入度的增加,最优刀间距逐渐增大,而最优滚刀间距S与贯入度P之比（S/P）值则逐渐减小。 相似文献
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在全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）刀具破岩的颗粒元模拟中颗粒参数的选取至关重要,其中颗粒间平行黏结切向、法向强度是关键控制性参数之一,它们之间的比值关系直接决定所模拟试样的延脆性质,影响刀具破岩过程及其破岩效果。为探讨延脆性对刀具破岩模式的影响,（1）建立9种采用不同平行黏结强度比值的数值模型,分别进行单轴压缩及巴西劈裂模拟,研究不同延脆性试样的力学行为及破坏模式的变化。（2）对9种模型进行双刀破岩,并监控其裂缝的发展情况及刀具的受力状况。（3）为减小随机性对模拟结果的影响,通过改变随机数,每种模型重复模拟5次,综合分析5次的计算结果。模拟分析发现,随着切向和法向黏结强度比值( )的增大,试样的脆性增加,破坏模式逐渐从剪切破坏转变为脆性张拉破坏,刀具破岩压碎区范围减小,张拉裂缝更容易在刀具间贯通延伸从而切割出块体更大的岩渣;随着试样脆性的增加,归一化比能减小,刀具破岩的效率增加;平行黏结强度比值相同的条件下采用不同随机数种子生成的模型中,试样的具体破坏情况有一定的差别,但总体破坏模式相似。 相似文献
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PDC钻头综合受力模型的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟钻头上的切削齿的不同的切削断面形状、重叠切削状态及磨损状态,利用PDC切削齿对多种岩样进行了切削试验,研究了切削面积、接触弧长、切削齿后倾角、岩石抗钻强度、切削齿磨损高度等因素对PDC切削齿受力的影响规律。结果表明,切削面积相同情况下切削齿受力随接触弧长、岩石可钻性极值、切削齿磨损高度分别呈线性,幂函数和指数函数趋势变化;切削齿受力最小的后倾角在5～10°区间内。引入弧长系数、磨损高度系数,建立了PDC切削齿综合受力模型。根据力的平衡原理,推导得出完整的PDC钻头受力计算模型,为PDC钻头优化设计和合理使用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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锥形聚晶金刚石复合片(polycrystalline diamond compact,PDC)齿是一种具有较强抗冲击性和耐磨性的新型PDC齿,在坚硬、强研磨性和软硬交错地层中取得了非常好的钻井提速效果。为了揭示锥形齿破碎硬岩机制,开展锥形齿破碎花岗岩试验与数值模拟研究,分析了切削深度和前倾角对锥形齿切削力和破岩比能的影响规律,采用高速摄像机和透明K9玻璃观测了锥形齿作用下岩屑形成过程及微裂纹萌生与扩展过程,通过数值模拟分析了破岩过程中岩石应力响应与损伤演化特性,结合对切削槽和大尺寸块体岩屑表面形貌及断口微观特征分析,建立了锥形齿破碎花岗岩机制模型。结果表明,锥形齿破碎花岗岩的过程可以分为挤压成核和块体崩裂两个阶段,前倾角对岩石破碎过程影响较小,切削深度的影响显著;锥形齿周围的裂纹主要由压实核、纵向裂纹和横向裂纹组成,纵向裂纹和横向裂纹扩展的最大深度分别为切削深度的6.69倍和4.53倍;齿尖周围压应力集中,岩石发生压剪破坏,压应力区外围形成弧形条带状拉应力区,并在齿尖及压应力区边界处诱导出拉伸微裂纹;微裂纹向齿前扩展形成弧形拉伸主裂纹,发生块体岩屑崩裂,提高破岩效率,向岩石内部扩展劣化... 相似文献
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The process of cutting homogeneous soft material has been investigated extensively. However, there are not so many studies on cutting heterogeneous brittle material. In this paper, R‐T2D (Rock and Tool interaction), based on the rock failure process analysis model, is developed to simulate the fracture process in cutting heterogeneous brittle material. The simulated results reproduce the process involved in the fragmentation of rock or rock‐like material under mechanical tools: the build‐up of the stress field, the formation of the crushed zone, surface chipping, and the formation of the crater and subsurface cracks. Due to the inclusion of heterogeneity in the model, some new features in cutting brittle material are revealed. Firstly, macroscopic cracks sprout at the two edges of the cutter in a tensile mode. Then with the tensile cracks releasing the confining pressure, the rock in the initially high confining pressure zone is compressed into failure and the crushed zone gradually comes into being. The cracked zone near the crushed zone is always available, which makes the boundary of the crushed zone vague. Some cracks propagate to form chipping cracks and some dip into the rock to form subsurface cracks. The chipping cracks are mainly driven to propagate in a tensile mode or a mixed tensile and shear mode, following curvilinear paths, and finally intersect with the free surface to form chips. According to the simulated results, some qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed. It is found that the back rake angle of the cutter has an important effect on the cutting efficiency. Although the quantitative analysis needs more research work, it is not difficult to see the promise that the numerical method holds. It can be utilized to improve our understanding of tool–rock interaction and rock failure mechanisms under the action of mechanical tools, which, in turn, will be useful in assisting the design of fragmentation equipment and fragmentation operations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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颗粒尺寸是影响颗粒离散元模型宏观力学性质与计算效率的一个重要因素。为充分考虑由模型随机性导致的模拟结果的不确定性,利用统计学方法对模型的颗粒尺寸效应进行研究。整体检验结果表明：特征长度比L/R的改变对模型力学参数（峰值强度、弹性模量、泊松比及峰值应变）与破坏特征参数（黏结破裂率）的总体分布位置均有显著性影响,且各参数的变异系数会随着L/R的减小而增大。进一步的多重比较结果表明：当L/R≥125时,L/R对峰值强度、弹性模量、泊松比及峰值应变的总体分布位置均无显著影响;当L/R≥79时,相邻3个粒径水平的黏结破坏率总体分布位置无显著性差异;随着L/R的减小,模型损伤程度增加,破坏模式由整体剪切破坏转向局部损伤引起的失稳破坏,最终失去模拟岩石材料的效力。最后,综合各项力学参数的统计学检验结果、模型破坏模式及计算效率,岩石模型颗粒的特征长度比取L/R=200较为合适。 相似文献
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Parametric study of the smooth‐joint contact model on the mechanical behavior of jointed rock 
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下载免费PDF全文 The smooth‐joint contact model based on distinct element method has been widely used to represent discontinuity in the simulation of fractured rock mass, but there is rare efficient guidance for the selection of proper parameters of smooth‐joint contact model, which is the basement for using this model properly. In this paper, the effect of smooth joint parameters on the macroscopic properties and failure mechanism of jointed rock under triaxial compression test is investigated. The numerical results reveal that the friction coefficient of smooth joint plays a dominant role in controlling mechanical behaviors. The stiffness of smooth joint has a relative small influence on the mechanical behaviors. Poisson ratio decreases with the reduction of normal stiffness but increases with the reduction of shear stiffness. The reduction of smooth joint strength, which is determined by normal strength, cohesion, and friction angle of smooth joint, contributes to the breakage of bonded smooth joint and ultimately decreases the strength of the specimen. We proposed a detailed calibration process for smooth‐joint contact model according to the relationship between smooth‐joint parameters and mechanical properties. By following this process, the numerical results are validated against corresponding experimental results and good agreement between them can be found in stress‐strain curves and failure modes of different joint orientations. Further analyses from the microperspective are performed by looking at transmission of contact force, the nature and distribution of microcracks, and the particle displacement to show the failure process and failure modes. 相似文献
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结合外载碎岩基本现象,对旋挖碎岩基本过程进行分析,得出其在回转钻进情况下的螺旋破碎的碎岩形式。然后根据岩石破碎时的压入条件,以单个截齿为研究模型,得出轴向压力的理论计算公式,继而参考库伦纳维的内摩擦理论,得出了切削力的理论计算公式。根据不同钻具形式,将单个截齿的计算公式扩展,得到了旋挖钻机压力和扭矩参数的计算公式。将轴向力与切削力计算公式中在特定工况下的影响因子简化,得出了旋挖钻机钻进过程中进尺速度与切削力的理论关系。最后利用LS-DYNA动态分析软件模拟了单个截齿在不同侵深条件下的切削力变化曲线,并将曲线与同等工况下理论计算的曲线进行对比,得出单个截齿的入岩参数理论计算公式。可为入岩旋挖钻机设计提供参考。 相似文献
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目前关于锥形PDC齿的研究主要集中于数值模拟、现场及室内试验,而关于其切削力学特性的理论分析未见相关报道。通过数值模拟阐述了锥形PDC齿拉伸剪切破岩机理,以及切削载荷分布特性;根据能量平衡原理,推导了锥形PDC齿切削载荷理论公式。结果表明,相比于常规PDC齿,锥形PDC齿破岩过程更加稳定,其切削载荷受岩石性质、齿的形状参数、切削深度以及切削角度的影响,且切削载荷随着锥顶半径、切削角度以及吃入岩石深度的增加而增加。研究成果可为锥形PDC齿及钻头的设计提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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结构面是岩体区别于岩石材料的一大特征,其产状、迹长、密度等参数对岩体的力学性质有着重要影响。本文利用FLAC3D对含结构面岩体试样的单轴压缩特性进行了较为系统的数值模拟研究。文中建立了含不同组贯通性结构面的岩体试样模型和含不同倾角及迹长的非贯通结构面岩体试样模型,对每个试样进行单轴压缩试验的数值模拟,结构体和结构面均采用Mohr-Coulomb剪切和拉伸破坏准则。模拟中用编制的伺服控制程序通过调节加载速度,控制试样内最大不平衡力,研究含结构面试样单轴压缩情况下的变形、强度及破坏方式等特征。模拟结果显示,含1-3组贯通性结构面试样呈现各向异性特征,而含4组贯通性结构面试件呈现各向同性特征。随着贯通性结构面数量的增多,同尺寸试件的变形强度参数劣化。含单组非贯通性结构面试件,其单轴压缩模拟试验的应力-应变曲线峰值后出现应力降。基于Mohr-Coulomb抗剪强度准则和损伤理论所得的解析解与数值模拟结果所得的非贯通性结构面试件的单轴压缩强度不符,说明用抗剪强度准则与损伤理论刻画非贯通结构面试样的强度并不合理。随着非贯通性结构面贯通率的增大,试件的变形、强度参数劣化。含单组结构面试件的破坏方式可分为结构面控制破坏,结构面部分控制破坏和结构面不控制破坏3种类型,而随着结构面组数的增多,结构面控制试样破坏的概率增加。 相似文献
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利用点荷载,作用于半无限空间的Mindlin位移解,考虑锚杆与土体界面的渐进破坏过程,推导出界面摩阻力的微分方程解析解。编制了相应的计算程序,把计算结果和现场试验值进行比较,结果较为吻合,二者的数据都表明,随着锚头拉力的增加,土-锚杆摩阻力峰值逐渐向锚杆末端转移,而锚杆前端则发生部分范围的滑移。然后,利用所求得的解析解,研究了土体弹性模量、锚杆孔径对锚杆摩阻力分布的影响,可见土体弹性模量越大,则界面上的摩阻力越容易达到峰值,从而产生破坏,而锚杆孔径越大,则界面上的摩阻力上升越慢,可延缓破坏过程。 相似文献