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1.
We performed seismic waveform inversions and numerical landslide simulations of deep-seated landslides in Japan to understand the dynamic evolution of friction of the landslides. By comparing the forces obtained from a numerical simulation to those resolved from seismic waveform inversion, the coefficient of friction during sliding was well-constrained between 0.3 and 0.4 for landslides with volumes of 2–8 ×106 m3. We obtained similar coefficients of friction for landslides with similar scale and geology, and they are consistent with the empirical relationship between the volume and dynamic coefficient of friction obtained from the past studies. This hybrid method of the numerical simulation and seismic waveform inversion shows the possibility of reproducing or predicting the movement of a large-scale landslide. Our numerical simulation allows us to estimate the velocity distribution for each time step. The maximum velocity at the center of mass is 12–36 m/s and is proportional to the square root of the elevation change at the center of mass of the landslide body, which suggests that they can be estimated from the initial DEMs. About 20% of the total potential energy is transferred to the kinetic energy in our volume range. The combination of the seismic waveform inversion and the numerical simulation helps to obtain the well-constrained dynamic coefficients of friction and velocity distribution during sliding, which will be used in numerical models to estimate the hazard of potential landslides. 相似文献
2.
Predicting the deformation and evolution tendency of landslides is essential to landslide disaster prevention and mitigation.
At present, most of the proposed models for landslide displacement prediction belong to single models. It is difficult to
accurately describe the deformation and evolution law only by a single model for the complexity of landslides and limitation
of the models. In this paper, we presented an application of linear combination model with optimal weight in landslide displacement
prediction. We took Huanlongxicun and Saleshan landslides in Gansu province of China as examples, firstly to build GM(1,1)
and Verhulst models for displacement prediction of the two landslides; then build two linear combination models of the two
landslides, on the basis of the combining theory with optimal weight and the prediction results of the GM(1,1) and Verhulst
models. The results show that the prediction accuracies of the combining models are much higher than those of the single models
for both Huanglongxicun landslide and Saleshan landslide. Therefore, the combining model with optimal weight is an effective
and feasible method to further improve accuracy for landslide displacement prediction. 相似文献
3.
坡顶堆载是人类工程活动诱发滑坡的主因之一。物质点法（MPM）属于一种无网格数值计算方法,它能够有效模拟滑坡大变形全过程物质行为与运动特征。文章基于线性形函数离散方法、MUSL求解格式及Drucker-Prager屈服准则,建立了可用于滑坡全过程模拟的单套单相物质点模型;通过对比干燥铝棒堆积物模拟砂堆失稳过程的基准试验结果,对模型有效性进行了验证。对堆载诱发型土质滑坡典型工况进行了物质点法全过程模拟,获得了滑坡全过程中典型时刻坡体形态、塑性应变分布以及控制点滑速演化趋势。结果表明:算例堆载诱发型土质滑坡属推移型滑坡,具有渐进性破坏特征,可分为坡顶压缩、局部蠕滑、加速滑动与减速滑动等四个阶段。参数分析结果亦表明,堆载诱发型土质滑坡前缘物质运动特征量均与堆载量间存在强正相关性、而与土体黏聚力及内摩擦角存在强负相关性。统计29种典型工况,分别建立了峰值滑动加速度、最大滑速、最大滑距及坡体最大动能等运动特征量与堆载量、土体黏聚力及内摩擦角之间的线性回归方程,可用于堆载诱发型土质滑坡致灾行为预测。 相似文献
4.
不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程与稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡的类型一般可分为牵引式滑坡、推移式滑坡和复合式滑坡,根据其滑面的发展形态,依次表现为前进式渐进破坏模式、后退式渐进破坏模式和复合式渐进破坏模式。基于岩土体应变软化特性,揭示了滑坡渐进破坏过程的本质是滑带力学参数弱化的过程,初步探讨了3种类型滑坡渐进破坏过程的远动特点和力学特征和滑坡渐进演化过程。以不平衡推力法和3种类型滑坡的演化特征为基础,提出3种类型滑坡渐进破坏过程中临界状态条块确定方法,通过建立滑坡渐进破坏稳定性计算模型和计算公式,提出滑坡随着渐进演化过程的滑带参数取值方法,并阐述了渐进破坏过程的稳定性计算实现过程,实现不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程的稳定性分析。以3个典型滑坡为例,分析得出滑坡渐进破坏过程中牵引式滑坡和复合式滑坡稳定性降低速率由大到小再到大和推移式滑坡稳定性降低速率由小到大的过程,3种类型滑坡在渐进破坏过程中不同部位对稳定性的贡献不同,验证了不同类型滑坡的变形规律。研究结论可对不同类型滑坡的稳定性发展进行初步预测和为滑坡治理提供指导意义。 相似文献
5.
Retrogressive landslides are common geological phenomena in mountainous areas and on onshore and offshore slopes. The impact of retrogressive landslides is different from that of other landslide types due to the phenomenon of retrogression. The hazards caused by retrogressive landslides may be increased because retrogressive landslides usually affect housing, facilities, and infrastructure located far from the original slopes. Additionally, substantial geomorphic evidence shows that the abundant supply of loose sediment in the source area of a debris flow is usually provided by retrogressive landslides that are triggered by the undercutting of water. Moreover, according to historic case studies, some large landslides are the evolution result of retrogressive landslides. Hence the ability to understand and predict the evolution of retrogressive landslides is crucial for the purpose of hazard mitigation. This paper discusses the phenomenon of a retrogressive landslide by using a model experiment and suggests a reasonably simplified numerical approach for the prediction of rainfall-induced retrogressive landslides. The simplified numerical approach, which combines the finite element method for seepage analysis, the shear strength reduction finite element method, and the analysis criterion for the retrogression and accumulation effect, is presented and used to predict the characteristics of a retrogressive landslide. The results show that this numerical approach is capable of reasonably predicting the characteristics of retrogressive landslides under rainfall infiltration, particularly the magnitude of each landslide, the position of the slip surface, and the development processes of the retrogressive landslide. Therefore, this approach is expected to be a practical method for the mitigation of damage caused by rainfall-induced retrogressive landslides. 相似文献
6.
高速远程滑坡具有较强的灾害性,已逐渐成为国内外地质灾害领域研究的热点。大型滑坡滑动过程中滑带剧烈摩擦和生热,使得局部温度升高,改变岩土体的抗剪强度等性质、以及产生气垫效应等,可能促进高速远程滑坡运动。为了定量地研究滑坡滑带中热量的生成和温度场分布规律,本研究改进自主开发的MatDEM离散元软件,建立了约23万单元的二维边坡模型,对滑坡的启动、高速滑动和堆积全过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:MatDEM较为准确地模拟了滑坡典型特征,同时展示了边坡模型的热量生成特征;模拟结果表明滑带附近形成明显的"核形"高热量带,100 m高的边坡滑带单元热量增加值最高达3×105 J,理想条件下造成比热容为550 J/kg·℃的1 kg土体升高545.5 ℃左右;高热量带依附于滑带并随着滑体最厚处向前扩展;MatDEM单元连接状态图和热量场图直观地展现了滑体和滑床中的裂隙发育过程。本研究为滑坡数值模拟研究提供了一个新手段。 相似文献
7.
为了研究不同降雨工况下的滑坡稳定性机理及变形规律,以兰原弃土场滑坡为例,首先在GeoStudio中建立二维剖面模型,然后从内因和外因两个角度出发,选取了内摩擦角、黏聚力、降雨强度、渗透系数、降雨入渗补给系数、饱和体积含水率等6个影响因子作为研究对象,设计了25组正交试验并采用极差分析法对滑坡影响因子进行敏感性分析,并结合监测数据对内摩擦角、黏聚力和渗透系数进行参数反演;同时,结合当地多年降雨数据资料,对滑坡进行了3种极端降雨工况条件下的稳定性影响规律研究。研究表明:兰原弃土场滑坡6个影响因子的敏感性大小为:内摩擦角>黏聚力>降雨强度>渗透系数>降雨入渗补给系数>饱和体积含水率;经参数反演计算后,得出的参数值较室内试验组有了进一步的修正,使得滑坡变形趋势更加符合实际监测资料分析的结果,同时得出双日降雨对滑坡稳定性影响更大,更易导致滑坡失稳破坏。通过本文的研究,可在后期不同极端降雨条件下对其采取针对性的防治措施及稳定性判别,并可为同类滑坡的研究提供借鉴意义。 相似文献
8.
大型滑坡灾害往往带来巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,开展滑坡灾害全过程数值模拟研究对滑坡风险定量评估具有重要意义。本文采用更新拉格朗日控制方程的物质点法,基于Drucker-Prager屈服准则下的理想弹塑性模型,考虑孔隙水压力效应推导等效内摩擦角,建立深圳“12 ·20”滑坡二维物质点法数值模型,再现了该滑坡失稳、运动和冲击过程。采用K均值聚类算法结合物质点的相对位移识别滑裂面,对滑坡运动过程中特征物质点速度变化进行分析,并参考泥石流冲击压力计算方法对滑坡运动物质的冲击压力和冲击荷载进行了初步计算。结果表明,物质点法模拟分析获得的深圳滑坡滑裂面形态、失稳和运动特征、冲击强度和堆积形态等与实际观察结果吻合较好,是再现滑坡稳定—失稳—运动—冲击—停积全生命周期的可靠数值模拟方法。 相似文献
9.
水下滑坡是常见的地质灾害之一,为解决离散元PFC难以模拟水下流体环境的问题,提出采用计算流体力学OpenFOAM与离散元PFC耦合的计算方法。针对流固耦合中的尺度相似性问题,提出了适用于该耦合方法的相似性方法并验证了其可行性。通过典型案例分析了基于该耦合方法的水下滑坡动力学特性及堆积形态,并与单向耦合水下滑坡和陆上滑坡结果进行了对比。结果表明该耦合方法能够较好地模拟水下滑坡运动规律,主要表现为滑坡体前端厚度较大并呈椭圆面;水下滑坡运动过程和堆积形态与陆上滑坡差异较大,OpenFOAM-PFC双向耦合与单向耦合方法相比具有优越性。 相似文献
10.
11.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1107-1121
This study proposed a random Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method for analyzing the post-failure behavior of landslides,which is based on the Karhunen-Loeve(K-L) expansion,the non-Newtonian fluid model,and the OpenMP parallel framework.Then,the applicability of this method was validated by comparing the generated random field with theoretical result and by simulating the post-failure process of an actual landslide.Thereafter,an illustrative landslide example was created and simulated to obtain the spatial variability effect of internal friction angle on the post-failure behavior of landslides under different coefficients of variation(COVs) and correlation lengths(CLs).As a conclusion,the reinforcement with materials of a larger friction angle can reduce the runout distance and impact the force of a landslide.As the increase of COV,the distribution range of influence zones also increases,which indicates that the deviation of influence zones becomes large.In addition,the correlation length in Monte Carlo simulations should not be too small,otherwise the variation range of influence zones will be underestimated. 相似文献
12.
大型滑坡多排、埋入式抗滑桩设计中,需要明确桩排间距、桩顶埋深不同时各排桩分担的滑坡推力的大小及桩身推力分布形式。采用室内模型试验方法,研究滑面形态为折线形、后陡前缓的折线型滑坡在滑面位置已知情况下各排抗滑桩分担的滑坡推力,并总结出折线型滑坡在桩排间距不同时各排桩分担滑坡推力的规律。同时采用有限元强度折减法对桩顶埋深改变时（前排桩不变）桩身推力分布形式的一般规律进行了分析,提出折线型滑坡桩排间距、桩顶埋深的变化能有效改善前、后排桩分担滑坡推力的比例。研究结论对于更加安全、经济地进行多排、埋入式抗滑桩加固大型滑坡的设计具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
13.
The characteristics of the seismic signals induced by landslides using a coupling of discrete element and finite difference methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Landslide seismic signals support researchers to estimate magnitudes and locations of landslides. They can serve as a crucial data for landslide warning systems. However, the randomness of landslide locations makes the acquisition of landslide-induced seismic signals difficult and limits the number of available field data. The objectives of this study are to establish a numerical modeling approach to examine the characteristics of seismic signals induced by landslides and perform parametrical study. The two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC) and Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) are coupled to simulate the landslide process. The force and velocity data at the coupled interfaces of FLAC and PFC are transferred back and forth via a Socket I/O connection. Four locations were monitored for the induced vertical seismic signals, including velocity, acceleration, and stress histories. The signals were analyzed by Hilbert-Huang transform to obtain the time-frequency spectrograms for examining the characteristics of the signals. The particle size, wall friction, particle friction, and parallel bond of PFC input parameters were parametrically investigated. The Xiaolin landslide in 2009 was successfully simulated, and the characteristics of the seismic signals were studied and compared with the data from a broadband seismic station. These results demonstrate that terrain and transition in the movement type of a complex landslide do influence the seismic signals. A landslide with larger rock particles generates lower-frequency content seismic signals. Also, there can be approximately 40 s to escape before a large-scale landslide hits if seismic instrumentation is installed. The method proposed can be further applied for studies on many other large-scale rock avalanches to verify recorded signals and further correlate the signals with the landslide characteristics. 相似文献
14.
The mobility of long-runout landslides 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Several issues relevant to the mobility of long-runout landslides are examined. A central idea developed in this paper is that the apparent coefficient of friction (ratio of the fall height to the runout distance) commonly used to describe landslide mobility is physically meaningless. It is proposed that the runout distance depends primarily on the volume and not on the fall height, which just adds scatter to the correlation. The negative correlation observed between the apparent coefficient of friction and the volume is just due to the fact that, on the gentle slopes on which landslides travel and come to rest, a large increase in runout distance due to a large volume corresponds to a small increase in the total fall height, hence to a decrease in the apparent coefficient of friction.
It is shown that the spreading of a fluid-absent, granular flow is not able to explain the large runout distances of landslides, and in particular does not allow the centre of mass to travel further than expected for a sliding block. This contrasts with the behaviour of natural landslides, for which the centre of mass is shown to travel much further than expected from a simple Coulomb model. The presence of an interstitial fluid which can partly or entirely support the load of particles allows the effective coefficient of solid friction to be reduced or even suppressed. Air is not efficient for fluidising large landslides and a loose debris cannot slide over a basal layer of entrapped and compressed air, as air would rapidly pass through the debris in the form of bubbles during batch sedimentation. Water is much more efficient as a fluidising medium due to its higher density and viscosity, and its incompressibility. As water is known to enhance the mobility of the saturated debris flows, it is proposed that water is also responsible for the long runout of landslides. This is consistent with the fact that the increase in runout with volume is similar for debris flows and landslides. Field evidence suggests that most landslides are unsaturated with water but not dry, even on Mars.
Comparison of the velocity of well-documented landslides with that predicted by fluid-absent, granular models shows that these models predict landslides that are much faster and less responsive to topography than natural ones. The relatively low velocities of landslides suggest that energy dissipation is dominated by a velocity-dependent stress and that the coefficient of solid friction is very low. This is consistent with the physics of fluidised or partly fluidised debris and suggests that landslide velocity may be controlled by local slope and flow thickness rather than by the initial fall height. In the absence of a supply of fluid at the base, fluidisation requires a net downward flux of sediment, implying some deposition at the base of landslides, which may thus progressively run out of material. In such a model, the spreading of the portion of a landslide beyond a certain distance would primarily depend on the volume passing this distance and not on the total volume of the landslide. Landslide deposits may therefore have self-similar shapes, in which the area covered beyond a certain distance is a constant function of the volume beyond that distance. It is shown that the shape of some well-documented landslide deposits is in reasonable agreement with this prediction. One consequence is that, as recently proposed for debris flows, assessment of hazards related to landslides should be based on the correlation between the volume and the area covered by the deposit, rather than on the apparent coefficient of friction. 相似文献
15.
本文基于Kyoji Sassa滑坡运动模型的假设,即运动的滑坡满足牛顿流体运动方程,滑体内只存在侧压力,滑坡体积保持不变,能量损失只产生于滑面处的滑动摩擦,推导了二维滑坡运动模拟微分公式。将微分公式转化为差分公式,用Visual Basic语言编写出二维滑坡运动模拟程序。以陕西省延安市延炼原油山黄土滑坡为例,根据滑前地形,通过现场钻探揭示滑面,选择滑带土残剪试验测得的残余摩擦角作为视摩擦角,进行滑动模拟,结果与实际滑坡接近。最后以此滑动模型预测该滑坡南侧不稳定斜坡滑动的距离,对边坡滑动破坏后的危害范围做出预测。本文为滑坡滑距预测提供了一种简单、适用的方法。 相似文献
16.
为了研究堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡的形成机理,以陕西省岚皋县广泛分布的堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡为研究对象,采用野外调查和数理统计的方法,总结了该类型滑坡的基本特征,并以祖师庙滑坡为例,借助室内试验和数值模拟手段,研究了堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡的形成机理。结果表明:1)堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡主要发育在坡度为20°~40°、下伏基岩为碎裂状结构的斜坡,多为浅表层滑坡;2)碎石土和堆积层-基岩接触面的内摩擦角随含水量增大而降低,堆积层-基岩接触面是斜坡变形破坏的软弱结构面;3)细颗粒物质的增加降低了堆积层-基岩接触面的内摩擦角,且细颗粒粒径越小,内摩擦角也越小,在饱和状态下降幅度越大;4)因细颗粒物质在堆积层-基岩接触面处聚集造成的强度降低和因水文地质条件改变造成的滑带土饱和是祖师庙滑坡主要的诱发因素。研究结果对揭示堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡的形成机理和地质灾害防治具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
17.
三峡库区滑坡规模与发育特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究滑坡规模及发育特征对开展滑坡风险评价和解析地貌演化过程具有重要意义。以三峡库区为研究区,通过GIS技术和数理统计分析滑坡面积、体积、厚度、发育密度等特征参数及发育规律,以及采用变维分形理论研究滑坡规模与地质环境因素的分形特征。研究结果表明：土、岩质滑坡空间发育模式具有区域性和集群式特点,且不同类型滑坡在空间分布上具有集聚性和规模不均匀性。滑坡发育规模和时序变形速率均存在幂律规则,表明滑坡系统具有自组织临界性。发现滑坡规模具有变维分形特征,同时揭示出滑坡规模与地质环境因素之间的敏感性关系。研究结果对认识三峡库区滑坡发育规律及实现滑坡风险评价具有重要作用。 相似文献
18.
Richard H. Guthrie Peter J. Deadman A. Raymond Cabrera Stephen G. Evans 《Landslides》2008,5(1):151-159
Landslide magnitude–frequency curves allow for the probabilistic characterization of regional landslide hazard. There is evidence
that landslides exhibit self-organized criticality including the tendency to follow a power law over part of the magnitude–frequency
distribution. Landslide distributions, however, also typically exhibit poor agreement with the power law at smaller sizes
in a flattening of the slope known as rollover. Understanding the basis for this difference is critical if we are to accurately
predict landslide hazard, risk or landscape denudation over large areas. One possible argument is that the magnitude–frequency
distribution is dominated by physiographic controls whereby landslides tend to a larger size, and larger landslides are landscape
limited according to a power law. We explore the physiographic argument using first a simple deterministic model and then
a cellular automata model for watersheds in coastal British Columbia. The results compare favorably to actual landslide data:
modeled landslides bifurcate at local elevation highs, deposit mass preferentially where the local slopes decrease, find routes
in confined valley or channel networks, and, when sufficiently large, overwhelm the local topography. The magnitude–frequency
distribution of both the actual landslides and the cellular automata model follow a power law for magnitudes higher than 10,000–20,000 m2 and show a flattening of the slope for smaller magnitudes. Based on the results of both models, we argue that magnitude–frequency
distributions, including both the rollover and the power law components, are a result of actual physiographic limitations
related to slope, slope distance, and the distribution of mass within landslides. The cellular automata model uses simple
empirically based rules that can be gathered for regions worldwide. 相似文献
19.
在国内外缓倾滑坡研究的基础上,从滑坡形成机制出发,建立缓倾滑坡地质力学模型,采用数字滑坡技术结合地面调查获取滑坡规模、滑动面倾角、后缘拉裂槽积水深度等参数,代入模型表达式可获得滑坡的临界摩擦系数,进而获取滑坡的总下滑力和总阻滑力。提出临界摩擦系数的概念及求取方法,临界摩擦系数与缓倾滑坡的易滑性（或稳定性）直接相关,分析表明滑坡的临界摩擦系数与滑体规模（滑动面长与宽）、滑动面倾角正相关,与滑体重量反相关,滑坡后壁倾角在60°-90°范围的变化对缓倾滑坡易滑性的影响很微弱。 相似文献
20.
如何提前判识滑坡变形并对其进行早期风险评估已成为地质灾害防治领域的研究热点。文章以舟曲白龙江流域江顶崖堆积层滑坡为反分析案例,进行了滑坡变形早期判识及风险评估综合研究,提出了小基线集雷达干涉（SBAS-InSAR）技术解译分析、地质-力学联合分析、动力过程数值模拟分析三者相结合的滑坡变形早期判识与风险评估全流程分析模式。基于SBAS-InSAR技术解译能够准确地判识江顶崖滑坡的分布范围及早期形变特征,江顶崖滑坡的变形破坏模式为牵引式,滑坡体长度约680 m,宽度约210 m。基于早期识别信息,地质-力学联合分析表明:江顶崖滑坡为典型的老堆积层滑坡,前缘局部变形,破坏模式为牵引式,滑坡体平均厚度约35 m,滑床整体坡度较缓,失稳后运移速度不大。选取符合江顶崖滑坡体滑移摩擦特征的库伦摩擦模型,基于深度积分连续介质方程,分析计算滑坡体的动力学过程,结果表明:滑坡体滑移速度不大,最大值约为2.2 m/s,运动方式表现为推挤白龙江河道,堵江可能性较小,并且江顶崖滑坡体前缘错动完成后,该滑坡体滑移速度从前缘到后缘快速降为0,表现为牵引式运动特征。本次分析结果与实际相符,吻合度较高,采取的综合分析方法及研究模式可用于舟曲白龙江沿岸类似滑坡的早期判识及风险评估。 相似文献