共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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埃迪卡拉纪以来,微生物与后生动物之间呈此消彼长的关系,但在寒武纪苗岭世却出现了微生物成因沉积构造和后生动物扰动构造短暂共存的现象。笔者在豫西馒头组二段下部识别出包括皱饰构造与微生物席裂构造在内的2种微生物成因沉积构造,对皱饰构造与遗迹化石的共生关系进行了分类,建立了席上足辙迹(Monomorphichnus henanensis)与牧食迹(Jinningichnus badaowanensis)、席下水平漫游迹(Planolites montanus)、席下深层泥岩中生物扰动共3种微生物席与后生动物的共生模式和生态演化模型。上述研究表明,具有特殊环境耐受性的“机会主义”动物在食物来源较为宽松的潮坪环境中与微生物席共存,这种微生物席与后生动物短暂而“和谐”的共存关系不仅延续了埃迪卡拉纪双方的部分共生特征,且在以混合底为主导的显生宙生态环境中得到了进一步变化与发展。 相似文献
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陕西宁强晚震旦世晚期高家山生物群的发现和初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
高家山生物群主要由后生动物实体和遗迹化石组成,并见宏观藻类与其共生。它主要产生于上震旦统灯影组高家山段,时限约为650百万年左右,是埃迪卡拉期内的生物群。本文初步描述了蠕形动物、球壳类和似水母化石计5属13种(新属1个,新种7个),遗迹化石12属15种(新属2个,新种4个);宏观藻2属2种。建立了三个化石组合。高家山生物群的发现和建立,不仅丰富了震旦纪生物群的组合面貌,而且对生物进化和生物活动规律,对寒武系和震旦系界线的确定都具有实际意义。生物化石的黄铁矿化,为深入研究生物化石的遗迹学、埋藏学,也提供了有利条件。 相似文献
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陕西宁强晚震旦世晚期高家山生物群的发现和初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
高家山生物群主要由后生动物实体和遗迹化石组成,并见宏观藻类与其共生。它主要产生于上震旦统灯影组高家山段,时限约为650百万年左右,是埃迪卡拉期内的生物群。本文初步描述了蠕形动物、球壳类和似水母化石计5属13种(新属1个,新种7个),遗迹化石12属15种(新属2个,新种4个);宏观藻2属2种。建立了三个化石组合。高家山生物群的发现和建立,不仅丰富了震旦纪生物群的组合面貌,而且对生物进化和生物活动规律,对寒武系和震旦系界线的确定都具有实际意义。生物化石的黄铁矿化,为深入研究生物化石的遗迹学、埋藏学,也提供了有利条件。 相似文献
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中国晚前寒武纪至早寒武世生物事件及前寒武系—寒武系界线 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地层学杂志》1992,(1)
<正> 35亿年前,地球上开始有生物存在,主要是兰藻和细菌。距今10亿年左右,开始出现软躯体动物所形成的遗迹化石。9亿年有蠕形动物的实体化石——淮南生物群保存。7亿年软躯体后生动物——埃迪卡拉动物群(西陵峡生物群、高家山生物群)大量繁殖,使晚前寒武纪的生物演化进入一个新阶段。6亿年左右,骨骼化动物——梅树村动物群(或托莫特动物群)的出现,开创了生物发展、演化史上的新纪元。使更多的生物能够以化石 相似文献
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Hiemalora是一类广为分布的埃迪卡拉(Ediacaran)纪(震旦纪)圆盘状印痕化石,周围具流苏状或触须状突起,曾被解释为似水母动物,或某种叶状生物的固着器官,但以往罕见其与叶状生物体共同保存。本文报道了华南贵州震旦纪陡山沱组一类保存完好丰富的被确认为藻类的碳膜化石——革辛娜藻Gesinella,具有完整的须状固着构造。这一须状构造的形态和大小与Hiemalora非常相似,致密加厚的基部及其周围辐射状分布的丝状或须根状构造,可以分别和后者的中央盘以及周缘突起的"触须"相比较。陡山沱组的这一类碳膜化石同时保存有明显巨大的形同藻类的叶片和固着器,为研究埃迪卡拉生物群的底栖印痕化石提供了新的认识,即:盘状的Hiemalora可能是多细胞藻类的固着器官,而不一定是最初解释的似水母动物或其它叶状体生物的固着构造。不过,证实这一点尚需更进一步地研究埃迪卡拉纪生物的保存方式和埋藏环境。 相似文献
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高家山生物群化石组合面貌及其特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
新元古代末期的高家山生物群 ,经系统研究自下而上可以划分为 3个化石组合带 ,即 :以蠕形动物爬迹为代表的 Shaanxilithes- H elminthopsis组合带 ;以锥管虫类和瓶状化石为主 ,并见大量软躯体蠕形动物和宏观藻类的Conotubus- Gaojiashania- Protolagena组合带 ;以多种管状骨骼化石共生为特征 ,并伴生有杯 (钵 )状、分枝管状及球状化石等的 Sinotubulites- Cloudina组合带 ,代表了高家山生物群鼎盛时期的产物。进一步的研究揭示高家山生物群是迄今为止地球上所发现的最早且最为多样化的骨骼化石组合。 相似文献
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贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉（震旦）纪陡山沱期磷酸盐化生物群具有生物多样性特征，包含有蓝菌、多细胞藻类、疑源类、后生动物休眠卵及胚胎、可疑的海绵动物、管状后生动物和微小两侧对称的后生动物等化石类型，是迄今为止全球保存最为完好的晚前寒武纪磷质化石库。瓮安陡山沱组磷质岩提供了早期生命从简单到复杂进化过程中的重要化石记录，展示了埃迪卡拉生物群出现以前早期多细胞生物的生命景观，为研究晚前寒武纪生物圈面貌提供了一个重要的埋葬学窗口。近来，通过醋酸浸解法，在贵州瓮安陡山沱期含磷地层中发现了大量疑似后生动物的实体化石（包含了所有已经报道的类型或与之相似的化石类型）新材料，为了解这些化石的内部构造特征，将一些化石包埋后制作了定向薄片。基于上述化石新材料，结合定向薄片的研究和前人的研究成果，本文详细介绍了瓮安生物群中后生动物化石研究的新进展和存在的问题。 相似文献
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湘西震旦纪武陵山生物群的化石形态学特征和归属 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湘西桃源理公港震旦系留茶坡组中部黑色页岩中的炭质压膜化石,为研究末前寒武纪晚期生物学提供了一个稀有的布吉斯页岩型分类学窗口。根据已知属种和新获材料的研究,确定了17个明显的形态类型,讨论了每种形态类型特征及其可能的生物学属性,指出除个别化石可能为两侧对称动物外,其余绝大多数化石可以解释为原核生物或多细胞藻类,系统发育上与绿藻、褐藻、蓝藻细菌等相关。具固着器、叶状体为球状或具同心纹构造的Apsidiumsphaericus的发现,进一步证明典型埃迪卡拉动物群(或白海生物群)中简单的圆盘状化石可能为多细胞藻类,而不是水母。武陵山生物群中具同心纹结构的大型圆盘状化石的出现及其共生生物特点,指示该生物群是埃迪卡拉期生物分异发展阶段的产物,是末前寒武纪晚期一个以多细胞藻类发育为特色的新型生物群。 相似文献
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国际上寒武纪的开始以遗迹化石Treptichnus pedum的首次出现为标志,我国南方通常以小壳化石的出现或者疑源类Asteridium-Comasphaeridium-Heliosphaeridium化石组合的出现作为前寒武纪-寒武纪界线。由于化石保存的不完整性,仅仅依靠寒武纪化石的首现来确定埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪界线可能导致其层位偏高,因此需要利用界线之下的埃迪卡拉纪化石对界线进行进一步限定。皖南地区的埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪界线一直被厘定在皮园村组硅质岩和荷塘组底部磷块岩或黑色页岩交界处,这一划分主要是根据岩石地层的证据和邻区的生物地层资料,但是皮园村组本身缺乏直接的生物地层学资料。为了进一步确定皖南地区的埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪界线和皮园村组的沉积年龄,系统研究了皖南休宁蓝田剖面皮园村组中的微体化石组合,在皮园村组中发现了埃迪卡拉纪化石Horodyskiacf.minor、Palaeopascichnus cf.jiumenensis、Palaeopascichnus sp.,以及未定名的纺锤状化石和球形化石。Palaeopascichnus在全球范围的埃迪卡拉纪地层中都有发现,且其仅仅局限在埃迪卡拉纪的晚期。在华北地台西缘的正目观组板岩和华南留茶坡组硅质岩曾报道有Horodyskia minor,H.moniliformis?(有可能为H.minor的同物异名),Palaeopascichnus minimus,P.meniscatus,和P.jiumenensis。在皖南Palaeopascichnus cf.jiumenensis和Palaeopascichnus sp.出现在皮园村组硅质岩的中上部,Horodyskiacf.minor一直延伸到皮园村组的顶部,说明由生物地层所划分的埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪界线与皮园村组-荷塘组岩石地层的界线基本上是一致的。 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2014,25(3):1008-1018
Cloudina are important Ediacaran index fossils, as they have a consistent terminal Neoproterozoic age and a worldwide distribution. The morphology of Cloudina has been reconstructed primarily on the basis of three-dimensionally preserved Chinese and Spanish specimens, but questions remain surrounding their phylogenetic placement. Understanding Cloudina paleoecology is an important aspect for the interpretation of these enigmatic organisms. Although their paleoecological dynamics remain unresolved, a possible “mat sticker” life mode has found support from recent taphonomic investigation of Paraguayan Cloudina specimens. Here, from analysis of fossil material from the upper part of the Ediacaran Dengying Formation (Gaojiashan and Lijiagou sections, Ningqiang area, southern Shaanxi Province, South China), we document complex tube growth patterns of Cloudina in addition to a close association of these fossils with preserved microbially induced sedimentary structures (specifically matgrounds). Sedimentological and taphonomic data of Cloudina-bearing carbonate sequences at the Gaojiashan section show a relationship between Cloudina and microbial mats, and further document erectly preserved Cloudina tubes. In conjunction with observations from the Paraguay material, the Dengying fossils described here provide supportive evidence for the paleoecological interpretation of Cloudina as inhabitants of a microbially bound carbonate substrate. The apical-most part of the tube (or cone) may have served as an attachment apparatus, situated within or beneath a microbial mat. Three-dimensionally phosphatized tubes of Cloudina from the Lijiagou section reveal that single tubes often have multiple growth orientations, which is demonstrated to have resulted from the curved growth of the tube walls (both cones and funnels). As these organisms exhibited a sessile, epibenthic life mode, the observed plasticity in growth direction and orientation may have been a competition-driven adaptation to ensure wider access to available food sources and potentially greater feeding efficiency. Although Cloudina have been found to co-occur in some deposits with biostromes and bioherms (e.g., stromatolites and thrombolites), sedimentological and taphonomic features of the Ningqiang Cloudina suggest that they inhabited a stratified carbonate substrate exhibiting matground features, but where biostromes and bioherms were absent. 相似文献
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New specimens of the enigmatic Ediacara-type fossil Palaeopascichnus have been identified from the upper part of the Neoproterozoic Ranford Formation in the Kimberley region, northwest Australia. New material is morphologically similar to Palaeopascichnus and represents the largest species of this genus. They resemble the present-day xenophyophore protists in chamber morphology and growth patterns, supporting the interpretation that Palaeopascichnus is possibly a xenophyophore body fossil rather than a trace fossil. Stratigraphic correlation reveals that the new Palaeopascichnus specimens are preserved in the interglacial successions between the Landrigan/Marinoan and Egan/Ediacaran glaciations. If correlation with the early Ediacaran formations of South Australia is accepted, this represents the earliest known identifiable member of the Ediacara biota. New fossil record fills the evolutionary gap between the Cryogenian and Ediacaran animal assemblages and well-known Ediacaran biota. The new Palaeopascichnus specimens represent the first record of Ediacara-type fossils in Kimberley, and suggest the probability that additional Ediacaran fossils may be found in northwestern Australia. 相似文献
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陕西南部宁强地区的李家沟剖面灯影组高家山生物群产有大量磷酸盐化实体化石,包括各类管状化石、瓶状化石、疑难化石以及钙化蓝细菌等,类型丰富。近年来,随着研究的深入,微生物假形化石在该生物群中也被不断发现。由于微生物假形化石是生物死亡后腐解埋藏过程中生物体被微生物（球状和丝状蓝细菌）直接取代,因而原始生物体的结构形态得以完好保存。微生物可以通过改变环境中的物理化学条件使磷酸盐富集和快速堆积,对生物的非矿物组织包括软躯体的保存起到了很重要的作用。根据替代程度不同可以划分为完全替代类型和未完全替代类型。这一发现提供了高家山生物群中生物非矿化组织的另一种保存方式。微生物通过铸型完整复制了生物软躯体以及可能的胚胎形态特征,提供了对此时期软躯体保存的新认识。 相似文献
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Breandán Anraoi MacGabhann 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(1):53-62
The term‘Ediacara Biota’(or many variants thereof)is commonly used to refer to certain megascopic fossils of Precambrian and early Palaeozoic age e but what does the term actually mean?What differentiates a non-Ediacaran‘Ediacaran’and an Ediacaran‘Ediacaran’from an Ediacaran non-‘Ediacaran’?Historically,the term has been used in either a geographic,stratigraphic,taphonomic,or biologic sense.More recent research and new discoveries,however,mean that the term cannot actually be defned on any of these bases,or any combination thereof.Indeed,the term is now used and understood in a manner which is internally inconsistent,and unintentionally implies that these fossils are somehow distinct from other fossil assemblages,which is simply not the case.Continued use of the term is a historical relic,which has led in part to incorrect assumptions that the‘Ediacara Biota’can be treated as a single coherent group,has obscured our understanding of the biological change over the PrecambrianeCambrian boundary,and has confused research on the early evolution of the Metazoa.In the future,the term‘Ediacaran’should be restricted to purely stratigraphic usage,regardless of affnity,geography,or taphonomy;suffcient terminology also exists where reference to specimens on a geographic,taphonomic,or biologic basis is required.It is therefore time to abandon the term‘Ediacara Biota’and to instead treat equally all of the fossils of the Ediacaran System. 相似文献
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Yong Li Junfeng Guo Xingliang Zhang Wanqian Zhang Yunhuan Liu Weixian Yang Yuanyuan Li Lianqun Liu Degan Shu 《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):263
Vase-shaped microfossils (VSMs) are described from the Ediacaran Doushantuo phosphorites (ca. 599–584 Ma) of Guizhou Province, South China. They are morphologically attributed to two genera and three species, and thus expand our knowledge of the Neoproterozoic protozoans in the Weng'an biota. They resemble to the VSMs from the Lower Cambrian pre-trilobitic Kuanchuanpu Formation of southern Shaanxi Province in terms of the microstructures and chemical composition of the fossil walls. Microscopic observations indicate that the VSMs from both the Weng'an biota and the Kuanchuanpu Formation are preserved in either single-layered or multi-layered walls, and composed of calcium phosphate in chemical composition. The present fossils also share similarities, in size and general contour, to the VSMs previously described from the Gaojiashan Member, middle part of the Dengying Formation (ca. 551–542 Ma) in southern Shaanxi. The discovery of the VSMs from the Doushantuo phosphorite is an important contribution to the Weng'an biota, and may throw much light on the early evolution and diversification of protozoans during Precambrian–Cambrian interval. 相似文献