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1.
本文分析了阜阳市浅层地下水溶解性总固体在2013—2017年间枯、丰期的时空分布规律及与其他组分间的相互关系.结果表明,5年间该市浅层地下水TDS超标点主要分布在颍河、泉河两侧,TDS均值在枯、丰水期总体均呈现缓慢增高的趋势,丰水期数值范围年际间波动较枯水期明显,标准差亦均在缓慢增加.利用SPSS22.0软件,分析近年枯、丰水期浅层地下水的总硬度、pH、总碱度、氯化物等与TDS的相关关系,得出该市浅层地下水的pH与TDS在枯水期呈负相关关系,而在丰水期相关性不显著;总碱度、总硬度、氯化物与TDS在枯、丰水期均有极显著的正相关关系,在丰水期的相关程度(高度)高于枯水期(中度),且相关程度均为总碱度高于总硬度高于氯化物;硫酸根与TDS在丰水期呈现高度正相关. 相似文献
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3.
总硬度是北京市浅层地下水水质超标最显著的影响因素,在地下水水质评价中占有重要地位。本文在多年来地下水水质监测资料的基础上,选取代表性监测井点进行分析,结果表明总硬度呈逐渐增高趋势。通过对总硬度变化的机理进行分析,总硬度升高的根本原因在于地下水的不合理开发利用及保护,是钙镁离子浓度、pH值、Cl-、溶解性总固体、总碱度等因素综合作用的结果。 相似文献
4.
长江三角洲江苏地区浅层地下水质量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以地下水采样、样品测试资料为基础,按照《地下水质量标准（GBPT14848～1993）》,对长江三角洲江苏地区地下水质量状况进行客观的评价。全区大部分地区浅层地下水质量较差,其中经济发达、工业密集城市及乡镇受污染较为严重,工作区内影响浅层地下水质量的主要指标有碘、钠、氯化物、溶解性总固体、总硬度、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐等。结合区内不同水文地质单元分区,对浅层地下水质量分布规律进行分析,初步论述浅层地下水质受水文地质单元分区影响的原因。提出改善与保护地下水资源及合理开发利用地下水的对策与建议。 相似文献
5.
地下水是河南省永城市重要的供水水源，浅层地下水水质污染严重制约了该市经济发展和居民生活质量的提高.在实地调查采样分析的基础上，运用水化学图解法、数理统计法、地球化学模拟法等方法综合分析了永城市浅层地下水的水化学特征和形成机制，探讨了该市浅层地下水污染来源和主要影响因素.结果表明:随含水介质和人类活动影响强度的变化，浅层地下水中K+、Ca2+、NO3-、Cl-、SO42-的浓度和COD（chemical oxygen demand）随深度增加而减少，而Na+、F-、Mg2+、HCO3-的浓度和TDS（total dissolved solids）随深度增加而上升.在煤矿区及煤化工区浅层地下水中SO42-浓度大于250 mg/L，远远高于其他区域的SO42-浓度，而在农业区浅层地下水中NO3-浓度大于30 mg/L，远远高于其他区域的NO3-浓度.综合分析表明:煤矿及其化工业废水和生活污水排放、过量使用化肥农药是永城市浅层地下水污染的主要因素. 相似文献
6.
模糊评判方法在辽宁省中部地区浅层地下水综合环境质量评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取铁、锰、总硬度、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、氯化物、氟化物、挥发性酚、钡、铍等10项指标为地下水评价指标,根据国家制定的地下水质量标准,采用模糊综合评判方法,系统评价了辽宁省中部地区浅层地下水质量。研究结果表明辽宁中部地区浅层地下水以高铁锰离子含量为特征,综合环境质量较差,多数水体不能直接作为饮用水。超标浅层地下水占调查总面积的一半,主要集中在辽河中下游的冲积平原。影响水质的主要因素是铁锰离子含量和总硬度,其次为氨氮、亚硝酸根和氯离子含量。通过对地下水质量评价,使辽宁中部地区浅层地下水质量特征更加明晰,为制定水资源保护与规划提供了科学依据。 相似文献
7.
江苏泗阳城区浅层地下水化学特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据现场取样分析,对江苏泗阳城区浅层地下水水文地质特征、水化学组分在空间上的分布特征进行了研究,并对其形成特点和影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：研究区浅层地下水水化学类型呈现明显的平面分带性,京杭运河西南侧浅层地下水阴离子中HCO-3占主导地位,溶解性总固体(TDS)多小于1 g/L,总硬度小于450 mg/L,水质一般较好;京杭运河东北侧浅层地下水阴离子以HCO-3、Cl-、SO2-4为主,TDS多介于1~3 g/L,总硬度大于450 mg/L,为微咸水,水质变差。研究区NH+4-N、NO-3-N污染较明显,空间分布具有明显的地域性差异;高浓度分布在京杭运河两岸以及泗阳农场一带,纵向上NH+4-N高浓度主要集中在小于18 m的浅层地下水,NO-3-N多在8~20 m的浅层地下水富集。研究区浅层地下水水化学组分现状特征及其差异性的形成与演化,受海陆交互相沉积环境、含水介质、地下水补径条件以及人类活动等因素的影响。 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(5)
选择安徽涡河地区为研究区,通过采集区域内的浅层地下水的水文地球化学指标进行测试与分析,结果表明:区域内的地下水类型主要受到自然环境与人类活动影响,浅层地下水水化学类型在阴阳离子组成上较为接近,指示的沉积环境是基本一致的;三氮指标的高变异系数,指示了浅层地下水受化肥、污水、粪便等农业污染和生活污染的影响显著;铁、锰浓度的高背景值主要与区内地下水所属的水文地质单元有关。研究区浅层地下水的硬度与TDS的空间分布特征指示了区域地下水的的补径排方向。此外研究区内的地下水类型主要以HCO_3-Na型、HCO_3-Na·Mg型、HCO_3-Na·Ca·Mg型为主,分别占总数的28.57%、18.49%、14.29%。 相似文献
9.
根据分布在咸阳秦都、渭城、兴平、武功等十一个县(区、市)的45个地下水监测井所得水质总硬度、氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐、六价铬、硫酸盐及溶解性总固体七个重要污染指标数据,得出每一类污染物的具体空间分布,从水文地质、工农业生产、人类生活几个方面对地下水污染严重地区进行具体原因分析,结果得到人类活动所排放的污染物尤其是工农业生产污水对地下水水质影响最大;采用模糊综合分析法计算每个监测井水质对于五级水分类标准的不同隶属度,得出研究区内地下水质呈现南部普遍差于北部的结果;进一步总结硝酸盐、溶解性总固体与氯化物、总硬度几个污染指标之间的正相关关系,及水质pH呈弱碱性有利于氟化物浓度升高等关系,为之后的地下水治理提供参考。 相似文献
10.
地下水硝酸盐污染是世界性水环境问题。地下水硝酸盐绝对含量的增加，引起水质恶化，而其相对含量的增加，改变了地下水的水化学特征。在某些地区NO3-成为地下水中的主要阴离子之一，用"硝酸型水"命名这种新的地下水化学类型，目前正在逐渐被学者所接受。本研究通过分析厦门市平原区地下水中硝酸型水分布特征和影响因素，探讨了硝酸型水的水化学指示意义。结果表明，厦门市地下水已受到硝酸盐氮污染。在全区采集的87组地下水样品中，硝酸型水占比36.8%，主要分布于风化残积平原区，东部翔安区和同安区已形成较大面状分布，西部集美区和海沧区分布较少，且呈点状或局部小面积分布。硝酸型水主要存在于氧化沉积环境，具有低pH、低TDS和低硬度特征。风化残坡积含水层的酸性土壤、地下水径流缓慢和浅层地下水埋深浅等特征为地下水NO3-富集提供了有利的环境条件。人类生活污水、垃圾渗滤液下渗、农业施肥等是地下水硝酸盐污染的主要来源。建议开展地下水硝酸盐污染源识别研究，针对不同污染来源采取完善污染管网建设、农村改厕、科学施肥等措施，从源头上防治污染。 相似文献
11.
Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality in the coastal sandy clay aquifers of Alappuzha district, Kerala 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. M. Manjusree Sabu Joseph Jobin Thomas 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(4):459-468
Groundwater qualities of coastal aquifers in the Chennam-Pallippuram Panchayath of Alappuzha district, Kerala have been extensively monitored in summer from January to May, 2007 to assess its suitability in relation to domestic and agricultural uses. The water samples (n=36) were analyzed for various physico-chemical attributes like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), Na, K, Ca, Mg, alkalinity, hardness, silica, chloride, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulphate (SO4 2?). Values of most of these parameters fall within permissible limits. Major ionic relationships indicate that weathering reactions have insignificant role in the hydrochemical processes of the shallow groundwater system. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water chemistry are precipitation rather than rock-water interaction. Various determinants such as Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Percent Sodium (Na %), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), and Kelley’s Ratio revealed that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation. 相似文献
12.
为系统掌握南通海门区浅层地下水水化学现状,在采集区域地下水样本并分析水化学特征的基础上,综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型以及离子比例系数法等分析手段,对南通海门区浅层地下水化学特征及其形成机理进行系统分析。结果表明：HCO3-和Ca2+分别是研究区浅层地下水中占比最大的阴、阳离子;HCO3-Ca和HCO3-Ca·Mg型为该地区主要地下水化学类型;浅层地下水TDS和总硬度的平均质量浓度相对较低,平均值分别为598.00、374.32 mg/L。根据相关性分析,Cl-和Mg2+为影响该区域地下水TDS的特征因子。研究区浅层地下水化学特征主要受到岩石风化作用影响,地下水水质成分主要源自碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩等的长期风化溶解。同时,逆向阳离子交换作用也在一定程度上影响着浅层地下水化学的组成。研究结果可为该区地下水开发利用管理提供理论依据和数据支撑。 相似文献
13.
To reveal the geochemical characters of water coproduced with coalbed gas and shallow groundwater,water samples were collected from 12 wells of coalbed methane and 7 wells of shallow groundwater.The pH,CODMn,fCO2,total dissolved solids （TDS）,total hardness,and concentrations of metasilicic acid,sodium and kalium,calcium ion,magnesium ion,ammonium iron,bicarbonate ion,carbonate,chloride,sulfate ion,nitrate ion,fluoride,lithium,zinc,nickel,manganese,iron,boron,barium,etc.of the samples were measured.Research results showed the following：（1） Concentrations of TDS,chloride,fluoride,sodium and kalium,ammonium,iron,and barium in the water coproduced with coalbed gas exceeded the national standards of China; however,physical,chemical,and biological properties of shallow groundwater could meet the national standard.（2） The water produced from coalbed contained mainly Na-Cl·HCO3,with average TDS of 4588.5 ppm,whereas shallow groundwater contained a mixture of chemicals including Na.Mg.Ca-HCO3·SO4 and Na.Mg-HCO3·SO4,with average TDS of 663.8 ppm.（3） In general,it was observed that bicarbonate and sodium accumulated in a reducing environment and deeper system,while depletion of hydrogen ions and dissolution of sulfate,calcium,and magnesium occurred in a redox environment and shallow system.（4） Sodium and kalium,ammonium,chloride,and bicarbonate ions were the main ions found in the study area. 相似文献
14.
本文根据2005年北方某市地下水普查中28处监测点的数据资料,对浅层地下水环境质量作出评价。单指标评价的结果表明,本区总硬度、溶解性总固体、氯化物、硝酸盐氮及氨氮等单项指标超标严重,模糊综合评价结果显示,属于Ⅳ、Ⅴ类的监测点接近一半。垃圾填埋场、城市污废水的排放以及多年来地下水超采等是造成本区浅层地下水环境质量下降的主要原因。 相似文献
15.
Groundwater availability depends on its accessibility, as well as on its quality. Factor analysis (FA) has been used to analyze quality problems and provide strategies for water resources exploitation. The present study demonstrated the use of factor analysis to evaluate temporal variations in groundwater quality and find latent sources of water pollution in coastal areas of Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. The data set included data of eleven water quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total hardness, chloride and fluoride for two different seasons (pre- and post-monsoon) in 2012. FA of the two seasons resulted in two latent factors accounting for 80.38 % of total variance for pre-monsoon (summer) and 73.03 % for post-monsoon (winter) in the water quality data sets. The results obtained from FA prove that the groundwater quality in winter is better than that of summer. Langelier Saturation Index was used to find out scaling and corrosive tendency of the groundwater samples for the study area. Karl Pearson correlation matrix was used to study the correlation between the studied water quality parameters. Hence, the analysis suggests that FA techniques are useful tools for identification of influence of various quality parameters on overall nature of the groundwater. 相似文献
16.
Evolution of the groundwater environment under a long-term exploitation in the coastal area near Zhanjiang, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Aquifers consisting of unconsolidated sediments in the coastal area near Zhanjiang in southern China are grouped into the
shallow, middle-deep and deep aquifer systems. Groundwater exploitation began in the 1950s in this district and has increased
from year to year since 1980. Measurements of groundwater levels and monitoring data of groundwater chemistry at some 60 wells
since 1981 are examined to analyze the evolution of hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry in the coastal aquifers. The results
indicate that groundwater levels in the middle-deep and deep aquifer systems have fallen continuously and the extents of the
depression cones in water levels have increased in the past two decades, even though the water levels recovered to some degree
during the period of 1997–2001. In 2004, the lowest water levels in the middle-deep and deep aquifer systems were 23.58 and
21.84 m below sea level, respectively. The groundwater has TDS ranging from 40 to 550 mg/L, and is of low pH, commonly varies
between 4 and 7. Concentrations of total iron and manganese exceed the concentration limits of the drinking water standards.
The hardness is in the range of 10–250 mg/L. Chloride contents of the groundwater range from 10 to 60 mg/L. The chloride and
TDS do not show systematically increasing trends. Although the water levels in the exploitation center near the coast are
significantly lower than the sea level and the depression cones of water levels in the middle-deep and deep aquifer systems
have expanded to the sea, sea water intrusion has not been observed until recently. This phenomenon is quite unique in the
coastal area near Zhanjiang. 相似文献
17.
地下水的水质演化预测一直以来是一个难点,单纯依赖于历史数据所反映的水质演化趋势预测未来水质,存在较大的局限性。以石家庄地区为研究区,提出将现状人为活动对地下水的影响程度作为校正因子,修订历史数据所表现出来的水质演化趋势,预测未来水质变化的方法。并以石家庄地区浅层地下水代表性指标总硬度、TDS、$NO_3^-$、Fe4项指标作为预测指标,尝试预测了2025年代表性指标的演化情况。结果表明:TDS和总硬度恶化的区域主要为灵寿县东南方向、藁城区和无极县靠近滹沱河河道附近等区域;Fe恶化的区域主要为石家庄市区中部以及东南部等区域; $NO_3^-$恶化的主要区域为鹿泉区与灵寿县交界附近、石家庄市区西北以及藁城区靠近滹沱河河道附近等区域。预测结果与研究区水文地质条件、人为污染源的排放以及地下水的开采等因素影响下的情况较为吻合。 相似文献
18.
Georg Houben Torge Tünnermeier Naim Eqrar Thomas Himmelsbach 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(4):935-948
Shallow groundwater is the main source for drinking water in Kabul, Afghanistan. It comes from a multitude of shallow hand-pumped wells spread over the whole city area. The groundwater is characterised by slightly oxic redox conditions. Interactions with aquifer carbonates lead to near-neutral pH and high degrees of hardness. The mostly negative water budget of the Kabul Basin is the result of strong evaporation which leads to an increase in salt and also of some undesirable constituents, e.g. borate. Several years of drought have aggravated this problem. The shallow groundwater in the city has received tremendous amounts of pollution due to a lack of proper waste disposal and sewage treatment. Common indicators are elevated concentrations of nutrients such as nitrate and faecal bacteria. The high infant mortality can at least partially be attributed to the insufficient water hygiene. Acid generated during the mineralisation of the wastewater is hidden due to the strong pH buffering capacity of the groundwater system. Redox and pH conditions preclude significant mobilisation of trace metals and metalloids. 相似文献
19.
TAO Hong ZHENG Miao-miao FAN Li-min LI Wen-li DING Jia LI Hui HE Xu-bo TAO Fu-ping 《地下水科学与工程》2017,5(3):296-302
This paper studies the distribution features, the chemical elements beyond standards and the influencing factors of shallow groundwater quality in the Guanzhong Basin through the data monitored in the last twenty years. The final purpose is to comprehensively evaluate the divisions of groundwater quality in the Guanzhong Basin. Results show that , the groundwater quality is in good shape, and suitable for drinking. Drinking accounts for 16.02% of the total, most of which are distributed in the lubotan of Weibei. Some come from loess plateau of Qian-Liquan County and some are generated by the industrial pollution of Xingping City. Materials exceeding standards include chloride, sulfate, three nitrogen, fluoride, manganese, iron, hexavalent chromium and so on. The main factors influencing the quality of shallow groundwater include groundwater exploitation, natural background value of special components and precipitation, among which the groundwater exploitation poses the greatest impact. The depth of water is positively correlated with the concentration of sulfate, nitrate and total hardness. 相似文献
20.
在调查取样的基础上，充分利用前人成果资料，应用SPSS及地下水污染分析软件，对莲花山地区区域地质条件、水化学参数空间分布特征、地下水化学类型、地下水化学成因进行分析研究，认为：莲花山地区地下水的硬度较高且矿化度较大；HCO3-浓度的平均值最大，在地下水的离子中占据主导地位；TDS（溶解性总固体）浓度较高且不同区域间浓度相差较大；莲花山地区部分区域偏硅酸、锶达到矿泉水标准，是矿泉水开发潜力区；研究区Na+和K+同时来自岩盐和硅酸岩的溶解；研究区浅层地下水中的Ca2+和Mg2+主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解；莲花山地区浅层地下水发生了阳离子交换作用. 相似文献