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塔河油田TK665CH井卡拉沙依组锻铣侧钻水平井技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来,在塔河油田老区直井基础上进行177.8 mm套管开窗（149.2 mm井眼）侧钻是主要开发方向之一。石炭系卡拉沙依组锻铣开窗存在循环压耗大,铁屑上返排量窗口窄,铁屑容易在锻铣套管上窗口堆积,易发生铁屑憋泵、缠刀、退刀困难,侧钻时地层压实性好,机械钻速低,井壁掉块卡钻,穿越两套压力体系井漏,摩阻扭矩大等复杂情况。在TK665CH井石炭系卡拉沙依组177.8 mm套管锻铣开窗侧钻施工中,通过钻头、钻进参数、导向马达、钻具组合的优选,轨迹的监控以及针对性的泥浆技术,侧钻获得成功,为塔河油田老井改造及定向侧钻积累了成功的经验。 相似文献
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土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿是土耳其现已发现的2个天然碱矿之一，现今采矿区域到达矿区边缘，为了在规范条件下最大程度提高资源回采率，需在矿区边缘布置对接井组对矿区边缘的矿产进行水溶开采。矿区边缘地质条件复杂，多条褶皱带和断裂带位于本文研究区域。在前期钻井施工过程中，发现此区域有明显的地质异常情况，如首采层的尖灭、呈V形变化、倾角大且不规则变化等。针对贝帕扎里矿区边缘对接井组施工中出现的几个典型异常问题，采用了套管锻铣技术、方位伽马配合定向钻进及“慧磁”中靶系统、增加勘探井布井密度等技术措施，有效地解决了出现的问题。 相似文献
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利用两口老井，其中一口进行开窗侧钻，与另一口对接连通进行水溶取矿。该技术先后运用定斜器定向定位，套管开窗磨铣，随钻定向造斜，矿层水平钻进，对接连通。综合了套管开窗侧钻技术和水平对接连通技术，该技术在老水溶矿区具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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高压水射流极小半径钻井技术是实现油气资源低成本、高效开发的重要技术手段。根据国内外高压水射流极小半径钻井技术研究及应用情况，系统分析了锻铣扩孔型液压式、锻铣扩孔型射流反推式和套管开窗型3种极小半径钻井技术的装备组成、钻进原理、工艺过程和应用效果，归纳了不同技术的优缺点和适用性。从应用于煤层气开发的角度，倡导锻铣扩孔型射流反推式极小半径钻井技术应作为一个进一步研究的方向，并提出了此技术在煤层钻进及转向过程中面临的难点问题和解决思路。针对极小半径钻井技术装备在地层适用性、钻进效率、增产效果等方面的瓶颈问题和新形势下能源开发对钻井技术装备的发展需求，建议应尽早开展煤层气井极小半径钻井复合增产技术、极小半径钻井提速增效技术、极小半径钻井-下筛管一体化钻完井技术以及自动化、信息化、智能化极小半径钻井技术的研究和工程试验。 相似文献
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随着油田勘探开发的进一步深入,报废井、停产井越来越多,套管开窗侧钻技术是挖掘老区潜力,实现油田二、三次采油的有效方法。使用该技术对有价值的报废井、停产井进行开窗侧钻,不仅能充分利用老井简,降低钻井成本、提高经济效益,而且能有效完善歼发井网,提高增产效果。介绍了宁东油田第一口Ф139．7mm套管开窗侧钻水平井的开窗、定向施工情况,为今后在宁东油田实施此类定向井、水平井打下了一定的基础。 相似文献
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介绍了任324-斜1井Φ178mm套管开窗施工情况，探讨了Φ178mm套管磨铣开窗侧钻施工及小井眼定向井轨迹控制技术问题。 相似文献
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土耳其卡赞碱矿钻井项目主要利用高精度中靶技术使定向水平井与垂直井在碱层中对接后进行水溶开采的方法。该项目通过长期大量的钻井工作，在已有的钻井技术与地质条件基础上，改进完善了与地层相适应的钻井技术，建立了矿区三维地质模型，设计应用了水平分支对接井，优化了钻井轨迹设计，建立起非矿层与矿层的基准物探测井响应曲线，探索出矿区地层致斜机理及相应钻井防斜措施，研究并应用了各种井底钻具组合与设备，采用了提高水平钻井轨迹控制精度的技术方法。上述多种水溶采矿钻井技术创新措施的应用，提高了矿山规划能力、降低了施工成本、提高了资源回采率、缩短了施工工期、降低了劳动强度、提高了钻进效率、减少了施工用地以及对环境的破坏。可为天然碱矿及可溶性矿产的整体矿山规划，以及钻井水溶采矿技术的提高提供借鉴。 相似文献
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塔河油田地质情况复杂,岩性差异大,地层压力变化大,局部区域有高压盐水层和膏盐层,开孔尺寸受限,给钻井工程带来诸多技术难题。针对这些难题,提出了坐封斜向器开窗侧钻、定向随钻扩眼、膨胀管和小井眼水平井钻井技术。 TK7-640CH井的钻井实践表明,以上技术在塔河油田奥陶系饱177.8 mm套管开窗侧钻水平井的应用具有可行性,能够封隔复杂地层和异常压力系统。就侧钻井技术难点和技术方案的可行性进行了探讨和分析,总结该井实钻所取得的成功经验,为塔河油田老井的恢复及再生提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用。本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源和环境过程示踪方面的研究进展;回顾了传统稳定同位素地球化学与污染示踪及过去全球变化方面的研究进展。指出了以上研究方向还存在的问题及未来研究方向。 相似文献